TY  - JOUR
AU  - Panić, Vladimir
AU  - Vidaković, Tanja R.
AU  - Dekanski, Aleksandar
AU  - Mišković-Stanković, Vesna
AU  - Nikolić, B.Z.
PY  - 2007
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/369
AB  - The capacitive properties of titanium electrodes with an active porous RuO2 coating were investigated in H2SO4 and NaCl solution by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Electrodes with two different masses of coating (thin and thick coating) were prepared from an ink suspension of the oxide synthesized by hydrolysis of ruthenium-ethoxide in ethanolic solution. The capacitive characteristics were found to be dependent on the coating mass and the electrolyte composition. It was shown that the impedance data of the prepared electrodes, registered at the open circuit potential, can be interpreted by a transmission line model of the equivalent electrical circuit. In this interpretation, the number of parallel branches containing resistor and capacitor in series is different for thin and thick coatings and in different electrolytes. More branches were required to describe the impedance behavior of the thick coating and to simulate the impedance data in NaCl solution. Simulation of the impedance data with the transmission line model of the equivalent circuit was also used to analyze the distribution of capacitance throughout the porous coating. The simulation indicated a more pronounced contribution of the capacitance of the outer coating layer to the total coating capacitance in the case of the proton-rich electrolyte. On the other hand, the presence of chloride ions in the electrolyte promoted a charging process at the inner coating surface, which is hardly accessible to the electrolyte.
PB  - Elsevier
T2  - Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
T1  - Capacitive properties of RuO2-coated titanium electrodes prepared by the alkoxide ink procedure
VL  - 609
IS  - 2
SP  - 120
EP  - 128
DO  - 10.1016/j.jelechem.2007.06.011
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Panić, Vladimir and Vidaković, Tanja R. and Dekanski, Aleksandar and Mišković-Stanković, Vesna and Nikolić, B.Z.",
year = "2007",
abstract = "The capacitive properties of titanium electrodes with an active porous RuO2 coating were investigated in H2SO4 and NaCl solution by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Electrodes with two different masses of coating (thin and thick coating) were prepared from an ink suspension of the oxide synthesized by hydrolysis of ruthenium-ethoxide in ethanolic solution. The capacitive characteristics were found to be dependent on the coating mass and the electrolyte composition. It was shown that the impedance data of the prepared electrodes, registered at the open circuit potential, can be interpreted by a transmission line model of the equivalent electrical circuit. In this interpretation, the number of parallel branches containing resistor and capacitor in series is different for thin and thick coatings and in different electrolytes. More branches were required to describe the impedance behavior of the thick coating and to simulate the impedance data in NaCl solution. Simulation of the impedance data with the transmission line model of the equivalent circuit was also used to analyze the distribution of capacitance throughout the porous coating. The simulation indicated a more pronounced contribution of the capacitance of the outer coating layer to the total coating capacitance in the case of the proton-rich electrolyte. On the other hand, the presence of chloride ions in the electrolyte promoted a charging process at the inner coating surface, which is hardly accessible to the electrolyte.",
publisher = "Elsevier",
journal = "Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry",
title = "Capacitive properties of RuO2-coated titanium electrodes prepared by the alkoxide ink procedure",
volume = "609",
number = "2",
pages = "120-128",
doi = "10.1016/j.jelechem.2007.06.011"
}

Panić, V., Vidaković, T. R., Dekanski, A., Mišković-Stanković, V.,& Nikolić, B.Z.. (2007). Capacitive properties of RuO2-coated titanium electrodes prepared by the alkoxide ink procedure. in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
Elsevier., 609(2), 120-128.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2007.06.011

Panić V, Vidaković TR, Dekanski A, Mišković-Stanković V, Nikolić B. Capacitive properties of RuO2-coated titanium electrodes prepared by the alkoxide ink procedure. in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry. 2007;609(2):120-128.
doi:10.1016/j.jelechem.2007.06.011 .

Panić, Vladimir, Vidaković, Tanja R., Dekanski, Aleksandar, Mišković-Stanković, Vesna, Nikolić, B.Z., "Capacitive properties of RuO2-coated titanium electrodes prepared by the alkoxide ink procedure" in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 609, no. 2 (2007):120-128,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2007.06.011 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jakšić, M.M.
AU  - Despić, A.R.
AU  - Csonka, I.M.
AU  - Nikolić, B.Z.
PY  - 1969
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4653
AB  - A modified technology for electrolytic chlorate production has been developed.
The cell is considered as a hypochlorite generator and the holding
volume as a reactor for the conversion of available chlorine to chlorate. The
holding volume is operated at an elevated temperature.
The process as a whole then leads to higher current efficiencies. For such a closed-loop system,
theoretical relationships were established between the current efficiency and
other determining factors. These relationships were confirmed experimentally.
Foerster's theory of electrolytic chlorate formation has also been confirmed
by the present results.
PB  - IOP Publishing
T2  - Journal of Electrochemical Society
T1  - Studies on Chlorate Cell Process: V . Theory and Practice of a Modified Technology for Electrolytic Chlorate Production
VL  - 116
IS  - 9
SP  - 1316
EP  - 1322
DO  - 10.1149/1.2412309
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Jakšić, M.M. and Despić, A.R. and Csonka, I.M. and Nikolić, B.Z.",
year = "1969",
abstract = "A modified technology for electrolytic chlorate production has been developed.
The cell is considered as a hypochlorite generator and the holding
volume as a reactor for the conversion of available chlorine to chlorate. The
holding volume is operated at an elevated temperature.
The process as a whole then leads to higher current efficiencies. For such a closed-loop system,
theoretical relationships were established between the current efficiency and
other determining factors. These relationships were confirmed experimentally.
Foerster's theory of electrolytic chlorate formation has also been confirmed
by the present results.",
publisher = "IOP Publishing",
journal = "Journal of Electrochemical Society",
title = "Studies on Chlorate Cell Process: V . Theory and Practice of a Modified Technology for Electrolytic Chlorate Production",
volume = "116",
number = "9",
pages = "1316-1322",
doi = "10.1149/1.2412309"
}

Jakšić, M.M., Despić, A.R., Csonka, I.M.,& Nikolić, B.Z.. (1969). Studies on Chlorate Cell Process: V . Theory and Practice of a Modified Technology for Electrolytic Chlorate Production. in Journal of Electrochemical Society
IOP Publishing., 116(9), 1316-1322.
https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2412309

Jakšić M, Despić A, Csonka I, Nikolić B. Studies on Chlorate Cell Process: V . Theory and Practice of a Modified Technology for Electrolytic Chlorate Production. in Journal of Electrochemical Society. 1969;116(9):1316-1322.
doi:10.1149/1.2412309 .

Jakšić, M.M., Despić, A.R., Csonka, I.M., Nikolić, B.Z., "Studies on Chlorate Cell Process: V . Theory and Practice of a Modified Technology for Electrolytic Chlorate Production" in Journal of Electrochemical Society, 116, no. 9 (1969):1316-1322,
https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2412309 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jakšić, M.M.
AU  - Nikolić, B.Z.
AU  - Czonka, I.M.
AU  - Đorđević, A.B.
PY  - 1969
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4638
AB  - It has been shown that neutral salts, such as Nacl   and   and Naclo3 and  their mixtures, cause an apparent increase in the thermodynamic dissociation constants of weak acids and bases. The pH value of aqueous salt solutions at fixed hydrogen ion concentration decreases linearly with increasing content of neutral salt and represents a linear function of the salt's heat of hydration (12). The hydrogen ion activity coefficient and, hence, the thermodynamic dissociation constants of weak acids and bases apparently follow a corresponding dependence. In solution for the electrolytic chlorate formation, the dissociation constant of hypochlorous acid is thus apparently enlarged by one order of magnitude. As a consequence, in solutions for the electrolytic chlorate production the optimal pH region for the conversion of available chlorine is shifted toward lower values (pH 5.7–6.1), as shown both in theory and practice. The same phenomenon is shown to be of some importance for what happens in the anode diffusion layer, where chlorine hydrolysis may hence be affected.
PB  - IOP Publishing
T2  - Journal of Electrochemical Society
T1  - Studies on Chlorate Cell Process IV. Effect of Neutral Salts on Conversion of Available Chlorine to Chlorate
VL  - 116
SP  - 684
EP  - 687
DO  - 10.1149/1.2412017
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Jakšić, M.M. and Nikolić, B.Z. and Czonka, I.M. and Đorđević, A.B.",
year = "1969",
abstract = "It has been shown that neutral salts, such as Nacl   and   and Naclo3 and  their mixtures, cause an apparent increase in the thermodynamic dissociation constants of weak acids and bases. The pH value of aqueous salt solutions at fixed hydrogen ion concentration decreases linearly with increasing content of neutral salt and represents a linear function of the salt's heat of hydration (12). The hydrogen ion activity coefficient and, hence, the thermodynamic dissociation constants of weak acids and bases apparently follow a corresponding dependence. In solution for the electrolytic chlorate formation, the dissociation constant of hypochlorous acid is thus apparently enlarged by one order of magnitude. As a consequence, in solutions for the electrolytic chlorate production the optimal pH region for the conversion of available chlorine is shifted toward lower values (pH 5.7–6.1), as shown both in theory and practice. The same phenomenon is shown to be of some importance for what happens in the anode diffusion layer, where chlorine hydrolysis may hence be affected.",
publisher = "IOP Publishing",
journal = "Journal of Electrochemical Society",
title = "Studies on Chlorate Cell Process IV. Effect of Neutral Salts on Conversion of Available Chlorine to Chlorate",
volume = "116",
pages = "684-687",
doi = "10.1149/1.2412017"
}

Jakšić, M.M., Nikolić, B.Z., Czonka, I.M.,& Đorđević, A.B.. (1969). Studies on Chlorate Cell Process IV. Effect of Neutral Salts on Conversion of Available Chlorine to Chlorate. in Journal of Electrochemical Society
IOP Publishing., 116, 684-687.
https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2412017

Jakšić M, Nikolić B, Czonka I, Đorđević A. Studies on Chlorate Cell Process IV. Effect of Neutral Salts on Conversion of Available Chlorine to Chlorate. in Journal of Electrochemical Society. 1969;116:684-687.
doi:10.1149/1.2412017 .

Jakšić, M.M., Nikolić, B.Z., Czonka, I.M., Đorđević, A.B., "Studies on Chlorate Cell Process IV. Effect of Neutral Salts on Conversion of Available Chlorine to Chlorate" in Journal of Electrochemical Society, 116 (1969):684-687,
https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2412017 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jakšić, M.M.
AU  - Nikolić, B.Z.
AU  - Karanović, D.M.
AU  - Milovanović, C.R.
PY  - 1969
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4633
AB  - The cathode process of hydrogen evolution in chlorate cells, including possible depolarization, has not been studied to date. High hydrogen polarization at graphite electrodes delayed the industrial application of bipolar cells for more than 80 years. A new method of depolarization has been developed which consists of depositing on the cathode side of a graphite electrode metallic chromium and/or an addition of small amounts of molybdate. The finely divided cathode molybdenum deposit decreases the cathode polarization for the hydrogen evolution reaction (h.e.r.). The Tafel lines obtained on metallized graphite exhibit nearly the same slopes as the ones for the parent metals, but are shifted to more positive values. This represents a further extension of the methods for depolarized hydrogen cathode evolution with metallized graphite (8,9).
PB  - IOP Publishing
T2  - Journal of Electrochemical Society
T1  - Studies on Chlorate Cell Process: III . Depolarization of Cathodic Hydrogen Evolution in the Bipolar Chlorate Cell Process
VL  - 116
SP  - 394
EP  - 398
DO  - 10.1149/1.2411856
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Jakšić, M.M. and Nikolić, B.Z. and Karanović, D.M. and Milovanović, C.R.",
year = "1969",
abstract = "The cathode process of hydrogen evolution in chlorate cells, including possible depolarization, has not been studied to date. High hydrogen polarization at graphite electrodes delayed the industrial application of bipolar cells for more than 80 years. A new method of depolarization has been developed which consists of depositing on the cathode side of a graphite electrode metallic chromium and/or an addition of small amounts of molybdate. The finely divided cathode molybdenum deposit decreases the cathode polarization for the hydrogen evolution reaction (h.e.r.). The Tafel lines obtained on metallized graphite exhibit nearly the same slopes as the ones for the parent metals, but are shifted to more positive values. This represents a further extension of the methods for depolarized hydrogen cathode evolution with metallized graphite (8,9).",
publisher = "IOP Publishing",
journal = "Journal of Electrochemical Society",
title = "Studies on Chlorate Cell Process: III . Depolarization of Cathodic Hydrogen Evolution in the Bipolar Chlorate Cell Process",
volume = "116",
pages = "394-398",
doi = "10.1149/1.2411856"
}

Jakšić, M.M., Nikolić, B.Z., Karanović, D.M.,& Milovanović, C.R.. (1969). Studies on Chlorate Cell Process: III . Depolarization of Cathodic Hydrogen Evolution in the Bipolar Chlorate Cell Process. in Journal of Electrochemical Society
IOP Publishing., 116, 394-398.
https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2411856

Jakšić M, Nikolić B, Karanović D, Milovanović C. Studies on Chlorate Cell Process: III . Depolarization of Cathodic Hydrogen Evolution in the Bipolar Chlorate Cell Process. in Journal of Electrochemical Society. 1969;116:394-398.
doi:10.1149/1.2411856 .

Jakšić, M.M., Nikolić, B.Z., Karanović, D.M., Milovanović, C.R., "Studies on Chlorate Cell Process: III . Depolarization of Cathodic Hydrogen Evolution in the Bipolar Chlorate Cell Process" in Journal of Electrochemical Society, 116 (1969):394-398,
https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2411856 . .