TY  - JOUR
AU  - Atanasoski, Radoslav
AU  - Nikolić, B. Ž.
AU  - Jakšić, M. M.
AU  - Despić, Aleksandar R.
PY  - 1975
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3158
AB  - The use of dimensionally stable titanium anodes activated with Pt, Ir or ruthenium oxide for electrolytic chlorate production has been investigated. Simultaneous measurements were made of the amount of noble metal at the surface and of electrode activity, as functions of time of electrolysis at constant current and temperature. After more than 400 days of operation, an electrode with 7 g m−2 of surface of noble metals exhibits good polarization characteristics as well as freedom from corrosion of the coating.
PB  - Springer Science and Business Media LLC
T2  - Journal of Applied Electrochemistry
T1  - Platinum-iridium catalyzed titanium anode. I. Properties and use in chlorate electrolysis
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
SP  - 155
EP  - 158
DO  - 10.1007/BF00613220
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Atanasoski, Radoslav and Nikolić, B. Ž. and Jakšić, M. M. and Despić, Aleksandar R.",
year = "1975",
abstract = "The use of dimensionally stable titanium anodes activated with Pt, Ir or ruthenium oxide for electrolytic chlorate production has been investigated. Simultaneous measurements were made of the amount of noble metal at the surface and of electrode activity, as functions of time of electrolysis at constant current and temperature. After more than 400 days of operation, an electrode with 7 g m−2 of surface of noble metals exhibits good polarization characteristics as well as freedom from corrosion of the coating.",
publisher = "Springer Science and Business Media LLC",
journal = "Journal of Applied Electrochemistry",
title = "Platinum-iridium catalyzed titanium anode. I. Properties and use in chlorate electrolysis",
volume = "5",
number = "2",
pages = "155-158",
doi = "10.1007/BF00613220"
}

Atanasoski, R., Nikolić, B. Ž., Jakšić, M. M.,& Despić, A. R.. (1975). Platinum-iridium catalyzed titanium anode. I. Properties and use in chlorate electrolysis. in Journal of Applied Electrochemistry
Springer Science and Business Media LLC., 5(2), 155-158.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00613220

Atanasoski R, Nikolić BŽ, Jakšić MM, Despić AR. Platinum-iridium catalyzed titanium anode. I. Properties and use in chlorate electrolysis. in Journal of Applied Electrochemistry. 1975;5(2):155-158.
doi:10.1007/BF00613220 .

Atanasoski, Radoslav, Nikolić, B. Ž., Jakšić, M. M., Despić, Aleksandar R., "Platinum-iridium catalyzed titanium anode. I. Properties and use in chlorate electrolysis" in Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 5, no. 2 (1975):155-158,
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00613220 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jakšić, M.M.
AU  - Despić, A.R.
AU  - Csonka, I.M.
AU  - Nikolić, B.Z.
PY  - 1969
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4653
AB  - A modified technology for electrolytic chlorate production has been developed.
The cell is considered as a hypochlorite generator and the holding
volume as a reactor for the conversion of available chlorine to chlorate. The
holding volume is operated at an elevated temperature.
The process as a whole then leads to higher current efficiencies. For such a closed-loop system,
theoretical relationships were established between the current efficiency and
other determining factors. These relationships were confirmed experimentally.
Foerster's theory of electrolytic chlorate formation has also been confirmed
by the present results.
PB  - IOP Publishing
T2  - Journal of Electrochemical Society
T1  - Studies on Chlorate Cell Process: V . Theory and Practice of a Modified Technology for Electrolytic Chlorate Production
VL  - 116
IS  - 9
SP  - 1316
EP  - 1322
DO  - 10.1149/1.2412309
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Jakšić, M.M. and Despić, A.R. and Csonka, I.M. and Nikolić, B.Z.",
year = "1969",
abstract = "A modified technology for electrolytic chlorate production has been developed.
The cell is considered as a hypochlorite generator and the holding
volume as a reactor for the conversion of available chlorine to chlorate. The
holding volume is operated at an elevated temperature.
The process as a whole then leads to higher current efficiencies. For such a closed-loop system,
theoretical relationships were established between the current efficiency and
other determining factors. These relationships were confirmed experimentally.
Foerster's theory of electrolytic chlorate formation has also been confirmed
by the present results.",
publisher = "IOP Publishing",
journal = "Journal of Electrochemical Society",
title = "Studies on Chlorate Cell Process: V . Theory and Practice of a Modified Technology for Electrolytic Chlorate Production",
volume = "116",
number = "9",
pages = "1316-1322",
doi = "10.1149/1.2412309"
}

Jakšić, M.M., Despić, A.R., Csonka, I.M.,& Nikolić, B.Z.. (1969). Studies on Chlorate Cell Process: V . Theory and Practice of a Modified Technology for Electrolytic Chlorate Production. in Journal of Electrochemical Society
IOP Publishing., 116(9), 1316-1322.
https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2412309

Jakšić M, Despić A, Csonka I, Nikolić B. Studies on Chlorate Cell Process: V . Theory and Practice of a Modified Technology for Electrolytic Chlorate Production. in Journal of Electrochemical Society. 1969;116(9):1316-1322.
doi:10.1149/1.2412309 .

Jakšić, M.M., Despić, A.R., Csonka, I.M., Nikolić, B.Z., "Studies on Chlorate Cell Process: V . Theory and Practice of a Modified Technology for Electrolytic Chlorate Production" in Journal of Electrochemical Society, 116, no. 9 (1969):1316-1322,
https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2412309 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jakšić, M.M.
AU  - Nikolić, B.Z.
AU  - Czonka, I.M.
AU  - Đorđević, A.B.
PY  - 1969
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4638
AB  - It has been shown that neutral salts, such as Nacl   and   and Naclo3 and  their mixtures, cause an apparent increase in the thermodynamic dissociation constants of weak acids and bases. The pH value of aqueous salt solutions at fixed hydrogen ion concentration decreases linearly with increasing content of neutral salt and represents a linear function of the salt's heat of hydration (12). The hydrogen ion activity coefficient and, hence, the thermodynamic dissociation constants of weak acids and bases apparently follow a corresponding dependence. In solution for the electrolytic chlorate formation, the dissociation constant of hypochlorous acid is thus apparently enlarged by one order of magnitude. As a consequence, in solutions for the electrolytic chlorate production the optimal pH region for the conversion of available chlorine is shifted toward lower values (pH 5.7–6.1), as shown both in theory and practice. The same phenomenon is shown to be of some importance for what happens in the anode diffusion layer, where chlorine hydrolysis may hence be affected.
PB  - IOP Publishing
T2  - Journal of Electrochemical Society
T1  - Studies on Chlorate Cell Process IV. Effect of Neutral Salts on Conversion of Available Chlorine to Chlorate
VL  - 116
SP  - 684
EP  - 687
DO  - 10.1149/1.2412017
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Jakšić, M.M. and Nikolić, B.Z. and Czonka, I.M. and Đorđević, A.B.",
year = "1969",
abstract = "It has been shown that neutral salts, such as Nacl   and   and Naclo3 and  their mixtures, cause an apparent increase in the thermodynamic dissociation constants of weak acids and bases. The pH value of aqueous salt solutions at fixed hydrogen ion concentration decreases linearly with increasing content of neutral salt and represents a linear function of the salt's heat of hydration (12). The hydrogen ion activity coefficient and, hence, the thermodynamic dissociation constants of weak acids and bases apparently follow a corresponding dependence. In solution for the electrolytic chlorate formation, the dissociation constant of hypochlorous acid is thus apparently enlarged by one order of magnitude. As a consequence, in solutions for the electrolytic chlorate production the optimal pH region for the conversion of available chlorine is shifted toward lower values (pH 5.7–6.1), as shown both in theory and practice. The same phenomenon is shown to be of some importance for what happens in the anode diffusion layer, where chlorine hydrolysis may hence be affected.",
publisher = "IOP Publishing",
journal = "Journal of Electrochemical Society",
title = "Studies on Chlorate Cell Process IV. Effect of Neutral Salts on Conversion of Available Chlorine to Chlorate",
volume = "116",
pages = "684-687",
doi = "10.1149/1.2412017"
}

Jakšić, M.M., Nikolić, B.Z., Czonka, I.M.,& Đorđević, A.B.. (1969). Studies on Chlorate Cell Process IV. Effect of Neutral Salts on Conversion of Available Chlorine to Chlorate. in Journal of Electrochemical Society
IOP Publishing., 116, 684-687.
https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2412017

Jakšić M, Nikolić B, Czonka I, Đorđević A. Studies on Chlorate Cell Process IV. Effect of Neutral Salts on Conversion of Available Chlorine to Chlorate. in Journal of Electrochemical Society. 1969;116:684-687.
doi:10.1149/1.2412017 .

Jakšić, M.M., Nikolić, B.Z., Czonka, I.M., Đorđević, A.B., "Studies on Chlorate Cell Process IV. Effect of Neutral Salts on Conversion of Available Chlorine to Chlorate" in Journal of Electrochemical Society, 116 (1969):684-687,
https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2412017 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jakšić, M.M.
AU  - Nikolić, B.Z.
AU  - Karanović, D.M.
AU  - Milovanović, C.R.
PY  - 1969
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4633
AB  - The cathode process of hydrogen evolution in chlorate cells, including possible depolarization, has not been studied to date. High hydrogen polarization at graphite electrodes delayed the industrial application of bipolar cells for more than 80 years. A new method of depolarization has been developed which consists of depositing on the cathode side of a graphite electrode metallic chromium and/or an addition of small amounts of molybdate. The finely divided cathode molybdenum deposit decreases the cathode polarization for the hydrogen evolution reaction (h.e.r.). The Tafel lines obtained on metallized graphite exhibit nearly the same slopes as the ones for the parent metals, but are shifted to more positive values. This represents a further extension of the methods for depolarized hydrogen cathode evolution with metallized graphite (8,9).
PB  - IOP Publishing
T2  - Journal of Electrochemical Society
T1  - Studies on Chlorate Cell Process: III . Depolarization of Cathodic Hydrogen Evolution in the Bipolar Chlorate Cell Process
VL  - 116
SP  - 394
EP  - 398
DO  - 10.1149/1.2411856
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Jakšić, M.M. and Nikolić, B.Z. and Karanović, D.M. and Milovanović, C.R.",
year = "1969",
abstract = "The cathode process of hydrogen evolution in chlorate cells, including possible depolarization, has not been studied to date. High hydrogen polarization at graphite electrodes delayed the industrial application of bipolar cells for more than 80 years. A new method of depolarization has been developed which consists of depositing on the cathode side of a graphite electrode metallic chromium and/or an addition of small amounts of molybdate. The finely divided cathode molybdenum deposit decreases the cathode polarization for the hydrogen evolution reaction (h.e.r.). The Tafel lines obtained on metallized graphite exhibit nearly the same slopes as the ones for the parent metals, but are shifted to more positive values. This represents a further extension of the methods for depolarized hydrogen cathode evolution with metallized graphite (8,9).",
publisher = "IOP Publishing",
journal = "Journal of Electrochemical Society",
title = "Studies on Chlorate Cell Process: III . Depolarization of Cathodic Hydrogen Evolution in the Bipolar Chlorate Cell Process",
volume = "116",
pages = "394-398",
doi = "10.1149/1.2411856"
}

Jakšić, M.M., Nikolić, B.Z., Karanović, D.M.,& Milovanović, C.R.. (1969). Studies on Chlorate Cell Process: III . Depolarization of Cathodic Hydrogen Evolution in the Bipolar Chlorate Cell Process. in Journal of Electrochemical Society
IOP Publishing., 116, 394-398.
https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2411856

Jakšić M, Nikolić B, Karanović D, Milovanović C. Studies on Chlorate Cell Process: III . Depolarization of Cathodic Hydrogen Evolution in the Bipolar Chlorate Cell Process. in Journal of Electrochemical Society. 1969;116:394-398.
doi:10.1149/1.2411856 .

Jakšić, M.M., Nikolić, B.Z., Karanović, D.M., Milovanović, C.R., "Studies on Chlorate Cell Process: III . Depolarization of Cathodic Hydrogen Evolution in the Bipolar Chlorate Cell Process" in Journal of Electrochemical Society, 116 (1969):394-398,
https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2411856 . .