Phytoremediation of Outdoor Air: A Review

Abstract

For the purpose of improving a country's economy, urbanization, industrialization, and technical advancement all had detrimental environmental effects. One of the most serious consequences of the aforementioned phenomenon is air pollution. Various air pollutants emitted by natural and anthropogenic sources have been found to have negative effects on the environment and human health after prolonged exposure. Insufficient technologies are used to reduce air pollution as a result of problems in the industry sector, including high maintenance costs, machine failure, and expensive technical equipment. Technological innovations like phytoremediation, which is sustainable and friendly to the environment, are being used to improve outdoor air quality. Cost efficiency, convenience of in-situ application, eco-friendly treatment, and the ability to improve the aesthetic value of the nearby environment are advantages of phytoremediation over other conventional remediation approaches. Numerous studies in the field of the outdoor air phytoremediation have found highly beneficial results, but also challenges in applying the suggested method. Plant tolerance to pollutants, environmental parameters, plant-specific features, composition of air pollutants, uncertainty in plant-microbe interactions, and plant antagonism have all emerged as a result of the use of plants in outdoor air pollution remediation. To become a complementary or alternative tool for engineering-based remediation methods, the remedy process must be optimized with supplementary treatments or the best combination junction with other methods must be found.