Strain wars 3: Differences in infectivity and pathogenicity between Delta and Omicron strains of SARS-CoV-2 can be explained by thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of binding and growth
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2022
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In this paper, for the first time, empirical formulas have been reported of the Delta and Omicron strains of SARS-CoV-2. The empirical formula of the Delta strain entire virion was found to be CH1.6383O0.2844N0.2294P0.0064S0.0042, while its nucleocapsid has the formula CH1.5692O0.3431N0.3106P0.0060S0.0043. The empirical formula of the Omicron strain entire virion was found to be CH1.6404O0.2842N0.2299P0.0064S0.0038, while its nucleocapsid has the formula CH1.5734O0.3442N0.3122P0.0060S0.0033. Based on the empirical formulas, standard thermodynamic properties of formation and growth have been calculated and reported for the Delta and Omicron strains. Moreover, standard thermodynamic properties of binding have been reported for Wild type (Hu-1), Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron strains. For all the strains, binding phenomenological coefficients and antigen-receptor (SGP-ACE2) binding rates have been determined and compared, which are proportional to infectivity. The results show that... the binding rate of the Omicron strain is between 1.5 and 2.5 times greater than that of the Delta strain. The Omicron strain is characterized by a greater infectivity, based on the epidemiological data available in the literature. The increased infectivity was explained in this paper using Gibbs energy of binding. However, no indications exist for decreased pathogenicity of the Omicron strain. Pathogenicity is proportional to the virus multiplication rate, while Gibbs energies of multiplication are very similar for the Delta and Omicron strains. Thus, multiplication rate and pathogenicity are similar for the Delta and Omicron strains. The lower number of severe cases caused by the Omicron strain can be explained by increased number of immunized people. Immunization does not influence the possibility of occurrence of infection, but influences the rate of immune response, which is much more efficient in immunized people. This leads to prevention of more severe Omicron infection cases.
Keywords:
Omicron stain / Delta strain / Gibbs energy of binding / SGP-ACE2 binding rate / SARS-CoV-2 variantSource:
Microbial Risk Analysis, 2022, 22, 100217-Publisher:
- Elsevier
DOI: 10.1016/j.mran.2022.100217
ISSN: 2352-3522
PubMed: 35434234
Scopus: 2-s2.0-85128236709
Institution/Community
IHTMTY - JOUR AU - Popović, Marko PY - 2022 UR - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/6067 AB - In this paper, for the first time, empirical formulas have been reported of the Delta and Omicron strains of SARS-CoV-2. The empirical formula of the Delta strain entire virion was found to be CH1.6383O0.2844N0.2294P0.0064S0.0042, while its nucleocapsid has the formula CH1.5692O0.3431N0.3106P0.0060S0.0043. The empirical formula of the Omicron strain entire virion was found to be CH1.6404O0.2842N0.2299P0.0064S0.0038, while its nucleocapsid has the formula CH1.5734O0.3442N0.3122P0.0060S0.0033. Based on the empirical formulas, standard thermodynamic properties of formation and growth have been calculated and reported for the Delta and Omicron strains. Moreover, standard thermodynamic properties of binding have been reported for Wild type (Hu-1), Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron strains. For all the strains, binding phenomenological coefficients and antigen-receptor (SGP-ACE2) binding rates have been determined and compared, which are proportional to infectivity. The results show that the binding rate of the Omicron strain is between 1.5 and 2.5 times greater than that of the Delta strain. The Omicron strain is characterized by a greater infectivity, based on the epidemiological data available in the literature. The increased infectivity was explained in this paper using Gibbs energy of binding. However, no indications exist for decreased pathogenicity of the Omicron strain. Pathogenicity is proportional to the virus multiplication rate, while Gibbs energies of multiplication are very similar for the Delta and Omicron strains. Thus, multiplication rate and pathogenicity are similar for the Delta and Omicron strains. The lower number of severe cases caused by the Omicron strain can be explained by increased number of immunized people. Immunization does not influence the possibility of occurrence of infection, but influences the rate of immune response, which is much more efficient in immunized people. This leads to prevention of more severe Omicron infection cases. PB - Elsevier T2 - Microbial Risk Analysis T1 - Strain wars 3: Differences in infectivity and pathogenicity between Delta and Omicron strains of SARS-CoV-2 can be explained by thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of binding and growth VL - 22 SP - 100217 DO - 10.1016/j.mran.2022.100217 ER -
@article{ author = "Popović, Marko", year = "2022", abstract = "In this paper, for the first time, empirical formulas have been reported of the Delta and Omicron strains of SARS-CoV-2. The empirical formula of the Delta strain entire virion was found to be CH1.6383O0.2844N0.2294P0.0064S0.0042, while its nucleocapsid has the formula CH1.5692O0.3431N0.3106P0.0060S0.0043. The empirical formula of the Omicron strain entire virion was found to be CH1.6404O0.2842N0.2299P0.0064S0.0038, while its nucleocapsid has the formula CH1.5734O0.3442N0.3122P0.0060S0.0033. Based on the empirical formulas, standard thermodynamic properties of formation and growth have been calculated and reported for the Delta and Omicron strains. Moreover, standard thermodynamic properties of binding have been reported for Wild type (Hu-1), Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron strains. For all the strains, binding phenomenological coefficients and antigen-receptor (SGP-ACE2) binding rates have been determined and compared, which are proportional to infectivity. The results show that the binding rate of the Omicron strain is between 1.5 and 2.5 times greater than that of the Delta strain. The Omicron strain is characterized by a greater infectivity, based on the epidemiological data available in the literature. The increased infectivity was explained in this paper using Gibbs energy of binding. However, no indications exist for decreased pathogenicity of the Omicron strain. Pathogenicity is proportional to the virus multiplication rate, while Gibbs energies of multiplication are very similar for the Delta and Omicron strains. Thus, multiplication rate and pathogenicity are similar for the Delta and Omicron strains. The lower number of severe cases caused by the Omicron strain can be explained by increased number of immunized people. Immunization does not influence the possibility of occurrence of infection, but influences the rate of immune response, which is much more efficient in immunized people. This leads to prevention of more severe Omicron infection cases.", publisher = "Elsevier", journal = "Microbial Risk Analysis", title = "Strain wars 3: Differences in infectivity and pathogenicity between Delta and Omicron strains of SARS-CoV-2 can be explained by thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of binding and growth", volume = "22", pages = "100217", doi = "10.1016/j.mran.2022.100217" }
Popović, M.. (2022). Strain wars 3: Differences in infectivity and pathogenicity between Delta and Omicron strains of SARS-CoV-2 can be explained by thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of binding and growth. in Microbial Risk Analysis Elsevier., 22, 100217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mran.2022.100217
Popović M. Strain wars 3: Differences in infectivity and pathogenicity between Delta and Omicron strains of SARS-CoV-2 can be explained by thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of binding and growth. in Microbial Risk Analysis. 2022;22:100217. doi:10.1016/j.mran.2022.100217 .
Popović, Marko, "Strain wars 3: Differences in infectivity and pathogenicity between Delta and Omicron strains of SARS-CoV-2 can be explained by thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of binding and growth" in Microbial Risk Analysis, 22 (2022):100217, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mran.2022.100217 . .