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Hardness and morphology analysis of electrolytically produced copper coatings

Analiza tvrdoće i morfologije elektrolitički dobijenih bakarnih prevlaka

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2022
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Mladenović, Ivana O.
Nikolić, Nebojša D.
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Abstract
The influence of various electrolysis parameters, such as selected operating current regime, the cathode material type, composition and mixing conditions of the electrolyte and electrodeposition time, on the structural-morphological characteristics of the copper coatings has been investigated. Morphology and structure of the coatings were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). Characterization of mechanical performance, such as microhardness of the coating, was done using the Vickers microindentation test. The absolute hardness of Cu coatings was determined by application of the composite hardnes models, named the Chicot−Lesage (C−L). Based on this model, it is determined the critical relative indentation depth (RID)c of 0.14, independent of all examined parameters of the electrodeposition. Depending on the electrolyte type, two different Cu coatings were obtained: fine-grained microcrystalline coatings with a strong (220) preferred o...rientation from the basic sulfate electrolyte and smooth mirror bright nanocrystalline coatings with a strong (200) preferred orientation from the electrolyte with added leveling/brightening additives. The „softening effect“ of mirror bright coatings obtained in the presence of a combination of additives is explained by the grain boundary phenomenon. Two different substrates: monocrystalline silicon Si(111) and polycrystalline brass alloy, were selected for comparative analysis of composite hardness.

Istražen je uticaj različitih parametara elektrolize, kao što je izbor radnog režima struje, katodnog materijala, sastav i uslovi mešanja elektrolita i vreme taloženja, na strukturno-morfološke karakteristike bakarnih prevlaka. Analizirana je morfologija i struktura prevlaka pomoću skenirajućeg elektronskog mikroskopa (SEM) i mikroskopa na principu atomskih sila (AFM). Karakterizacija mehaničkih performansi, kao što je mikrotvrdoća prevlaka, urađena je korišćenjem mikro utiskivača po Vikersovom testu. Apsolutna tvrdoća bakarnih prevlaka je određena primenom modela kompozitne tvrdoće, pod nazivom Šiko−Lezaž (Š−L). Na osnovu ovog modela određena je kritična relativna dubina utiskivanja (RDU) od 0,14 koja je bila nezavisna od svih ispitivanih parametara elektrohemijskog taloženja. U zavisnosti od tipa elektrolita, dobijene su dve različite prevlake bakra: sitnozrna mikrokristalna prevlaka bakra iz osnovnog sulfatnog elektrolita sa izraženom (220) preferencijalnom orijentacijom i gla...tka ogledalasto sjajna nanokristalna prevlaka bakra sa izraženom (200) preferencijalnom orijentacijom iz elektrolita sa dodatkom aditiva za poravnanje/sjaj. „Efekat omekšavanja” ogledalasto sjajnih prevlaka dobijenih u prisustvu kombinacije aditiva je objašnjen preko fenomena uticaja granice zrna. Za uporednu analizu tvrdoće kompozita odabrana su dva različita supstrata: monokristalni silicijum Si(111) i polikristalna legura mesinga.

Keywords:
electrodeposition / Vickers microhardness / copper coating / composite hardness model / elektrohemijsko taloženje / Vikersova mikrotvrdoća / bakarna prevlaka / kompozit / model tvrdoće
Source:
Proceedings - XXIII YuCorr – Meeting Point of the Science and Practice in the Fields of Corrosion, Materials and Environmental Protection, Divčibare, Serbia, May 2022, 2022, INVITED: 75, INVITED: 66-
Publisher:
  • Beograd : Serbian Society of Corrosion and Materials Protection UISKOZAM / Udruženje inženjera Srbije za koroziju i zaštitu materijala UISKOZAM
Funding / projects:
  • Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Republic of Serbia, Grant no. 200026 (University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy - IChTM) (RS-200026)

ISBN: 978-86-82343-29-5

[ Google Scholar ]
Handle
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cer_5219
URI
http://sitzam.org.rs/YUCORR/XXIII_YuCorr_Proceedings_Knjiga_Radova.pdf
https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5219
Collections
  • Radovi istraživača / Researchers' publications
Institution/Community
IHTM
TY  - CONF
AU  - Mladenović, Ivana O.
AU  - Nikolić, Nebojša D.
PY  - 2022
UR  - http://sitzam.org.rs/YUCORR/XXIII_YuCorr_Proceedings_Knjiga_Radova.pdf
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5219
AB  - The influence of various electrolysis parameters, such as selected operating current regime, the 
cathode material type, composition and mixing conditions of the electrolyte and electrodeposition 
time, on the structural-morphological characteristics of the copper coatings has been investigated.
Morphology and structure of the coatings were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). Characterization of mechanical performance, such as 
microhardness of the coating, was done using the Vickers microindentation test. The absolute 
hardness of Cu coatings was determined by application of the composite hardnes models, named the Chicot−Lesage (C−L). Based on this model, it is determined the critical relative indentation depth (RID)c of 0.14, independent of all examined parameters of the electrodeposition. Depending on the electrolyte type, two different Cu coatings were obtained: fine-grained microcrystalline coatings with a strong (220) preferred orientation from the basic sulfate electrolyte and smooth mirror bright nanocrystalline coatings with a strong (200) preferred orientation from the electrolyte with added leveling/brightening additives. The „softening effect“ of mirror bright coatings obtained in the presence of a combination of additives is explained by the grain boundary phenomenon. Two different substrates: monocrystalline silicon Si(111) and polycrystalline brass alloy, were selected for comparative analysis of composite hardness.
AB  - Istražen je uticaj različitih parametara elektrolize, kao što je izbor radnog režima struje, katodnog materijala, sastav i uslovi mešanja elektrolita i vreme taloženja, na strukturno-morfološke 
karakteristike bakarnih prevlaka. Analizirana je morfologija i struktura prevlaka pomoću skenirajućeg elektronskog mikroskopa (SEM) i mikroskopa na principu atomskih sila (AFM). 
Karakterizacija mehaničkih performansi, kao što je mikrotvrdoća prevlaka, urađena je korišćenjem mikro utiskivača po Vikersovom testu. Apsolutna tvrdoća bakarnih prevlaka je određena primenom modela kompozitne tvrdoće, pod nazivom Šiko−Lezaž (Š−L). Na osnovu ovog modela određena je 
kritična relativna dubina utiskivanja (RDU) od 0,14 koja je bila nezavisna od svih ispitivanih parametara elektrohemijskog taloženja. U zavisnosti od tipa elektrolita, dobijene su dve različite prevlake bakra: sitnozrna mikrokristalna prevlaka bakra iz osnovnog sulfatnog elektrolita sa izraženom (220) preferencijalnom orijentacijom i glatka ogledalasto sjajna nanokristalna prevlaka bakra sa izraženom (200) preferencijalnom orijentacijom iz elektrolita sa dodatkom aditiva za poravnanje/sjaj. „Efekat omekšavanja” ogledalasto sjajnih prevlaka dobijenih u prisustvu kombinacije aditiva je objašnjen preko fenomena uticaja granice zrna. Za uporednu analizu tvrdoće kompozita odabrana su dva različita supstrata: monokristalni silicijum Si(111) i polikristalna legura mesinga.
PB  - Beograd : Serbian Society of Corrosion and Materials Protection UISKOZAM / Udruženje inženjera  Srbije za koroziju i zaštitu materijala UISKOZAM
C3  - Proceedings - XXIII YuCorr – Meeting Point of the Science and Practice in the Fields of Corrosion, Materials and Environmental Protection, Divčibare, Serbia, May 2022
T1  - Hardness and morphology analysis of electrolytically produced copper coatings
T1  - Analiza tvrdoće i morfologije elektrolitički dobijenih bakarnih prevlaka
VL  - INVITED: 75
SP  - INVITED: 66
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cer_5219
ER  - 
@conference{
author = "Mladenović, Ivana O. and Nikolić, Nebojša D.",
year = "2022",
abstract = "The influence of various electrolysis parameters, such as selected operating current regime, the 
cathode material type, composition and mixing conditions of the electrolyte and electrodeposition 
time, on the structural-morphological characteristics of the copper coatings has been investigated.
Morphology and structure of the coatings were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). Characterization of mechanical performance, such as 
microhardness of the coating, was done using the Vickers microindentation test. The absolute 
hardness of Cu coatings was determined by application of the composite hardnes models, named the Chicot−Lesage (C−L). Based on this model, it is determined the critical relative indentation depth (RID)c of 0.14, independent of all examined parameters of the electrodeposition. Depending on the electrolyte type, two different Cu coatings were obtained: fine-grained microcrystalline coatings with a strong (220) preferred orientation from the basic sulfate electrolyte and smooth mirror bright nanocrystalline coatings with a strong (200) preferred orientation from the electrolyte with added leveling/brightening additives. The „softening effect“ of mirror bright coatings obtained in the presence of a combination of additives is explained by the grain boundary phenomenon. Two different substrates: monocrystalline silicon Si(111) and polycrystalline brass alloy, were selected for comparative analysis of composite hardness., Istražen je uticaj različitih parametara elektrolize, kao što je izbor radnog režima struje, katodnog materijala, sastav i uslovi mešanja elektrolita i vreme taloženja, na strukturno-morfološke 
karakteristike bakarnih prevlaka. Analizirana je morfologija i struktura prevlaka pomoću skenirajućeg elektronskog mikroskopa (SEM) i mikroskopa na principu atomskih sila (AFM). 
Karakterizacija mehaničkih performansi, kao što je mikrotvrdoća prevlaka, urađena je korišćenjem mikro utiskivača po Vikersovom testu. Apsolutna tvrdoća bakarnih prevlaka je određena primenom modela kompozitne tvrdoće, pod nazivom Šiko−Lezaž (Š−L). Na osnovu ovog modela određena je 
kritična relativna dubina utiskivanja (RDU) od 0,14 koja je bila nezavisna od svih ispitivanih parametara elektrohemijskog taloženja. U zavisnosti od tipa elektrolita, dobijene su dve različite prevlake bakra: sitnozrna mikrokristalna prevlaka bakra iz osnovnog sulfatnog elektrolita sa izraženom (220) preferencijalnom orijentacijom i glatka ogledalasto sjajna nanokristalna prevlaka bakra sa izraženom (200) preferencijalnom orijentacijom iz elektrolita sa dodatkom aditiva za poravnanje/sjaj. „Efekat omekšavanja” ogledalasto sjajnih prevlaka dobijenih u prisustvu kombinacije aditiva je objašnjen preko fenomena uticaja granice zrna. Za uporednu analizu tvrdoće kompozita odabrana su dva različita supstrata: monokristalni silicijum Si(111) i polikristalna legura mesinga.",
publisher = "Beograd : Serbian Society of Corrosion and Materials Protection UISKOZAM / Udruženje inženjera  Srbije za koroziju i zaštitu materijala UISKOZAM",
journal = "Proceedings - XXIII YuCorr – Meeting Point of the Science and Practice in the Fields of Corrosion, Materials and Environmental Protection, Divčibare, Serbia, May 2022",
title = "Hardness and morphology analysis of electrolytically produced copper coatings, Analiza tvrdoće i morfologije elektrolitički dobijenih bakarnih prevlaka",
volume = "INVITED: 75",
pages = "INVITED: 66",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cer_5219"
}
Mladenović, I. O.,& Nikolić, N. D.. (2022). Hardness and morphology analysis of electrolytically produced copper coatings. in Proceedings - XXIII YuCorr – Meeting Point of the Science and Practice in the Fields of Corrosion, Materials and Environmental Protection, Divčibare, Serbia, May 2022
Beograd : Serbian Society of Corrosion and Materials Protection UISKOZAM / Udruženje inženjera  Srbije za koroziju i zaštitu materijala UISKOZAM., INVITED: 75, INVITED: 66.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cer_5219
Mladenović IO, Nikolić ND. Hardness and morphology analysis of electrolytically produced copper coatings. in Proceedings - XXIII YuCorr – Meeting Point of the Science and Practice in the Fields of Corrosion, Materials and Environmental Protection, Divčibare, Serbia, May 2022. 2022;INVITED: 75:INVITED: 66.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cer_5219 .
Mladenović, Ivana O., Nikolić, Nebojša D., "Hardness and morphology analysis of electrolytically produced copper coatings" in Proceedings - XXIII YuCorr – Meeting Point of the Science and Practice in the Fields of Corrosion, Materials and Environmental Protection, Divčibare, Serbia, May 2022, INVITED: 75 (2022):INVITED: 66,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cer_5219 .

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