Soil erodibility in European mountain beech forests

Abstract

Forests in Europe are currently not endangered by soil erosion. However, this can change with climate change orwith intensified forest management practices. Using a newly established network of plots in beech forests across Europe,the aims of this study were to (i) distinguish soil properties and erodibility indices in relation to bedrock, (ii) determine geochemicalproperties and organic carbon (Corg) influencing erodibility, and (iii) assess the effect of soil depth on erodibilityindices. Seventy-six soil samples from 20 beech forests were collected in 11 countries to quantify soil properties influencingerodibility indices: clay ratio, modified clay ratio, sodium adsorption ratio, and oxides ratio. The results indicate that thedominant soil properties, determined by bedrock, that correlate with forest soil erodibility indices are Corg, pH, electricalconductivity, calcium and sodium ions concentrations, total water-soluble cations, and the percentage of sand. Accordingto the tested indices, soil susceptibility to erosion follows the order granite > andesite > sandstone > quartzite > limestone.Deeper soil horizons on granite are more susceptible to erosion than surface horizons are, but this is not the case forsoils on limestones. In conclusion, forest management should consider the predisposition of different soil types to erosion.