Removal of nickel ions from aqueous solutions by 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate/itaconic acid hydrogels optimized with response surface methodology

Abstract

The adsorption of Ni2+ ions from water solutions by using hydrogels based on 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) and itaconic acid (IA) was studied. Hydrogel synthesis was optimized with response surface methodology (RSM). The hydrogel with the best adsorption capacity towards Ni2+ ions was chosen for further experiments. The hydrogel was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis before and after the adsorption of Ni2+ ions. Batch equilibrium experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of solution pH, hydrogel weight, ionic strength, adsorption time, temperature and initial concentration of nickel ions on the adsorption. Time-dependent adsorption fitted the best to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. A thermodynamic study revealed that the adsorption was an exothermic and non-spontaneous process. Five isotherm models were studied, and the best fit was obtained with the Redlich–Peterson model. Consecutive adsorption/desorption studies indicated that the HEA/IA hydrogel can be efficiently used as a sorbent for the removal of Ni2+ ions from the water solution. This study develops a potential adsorbent for the effective removal of trace nickel ions.