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Electrochemical deposition of Ni–W alloys from ammonia–citrate electrolyte

Authorized Users Only
2003
Authors
Obradović, Maja
Stevanović, Rade M.
Despić, Aleksandar R.
Article (Published version)
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Abstract
Ammonia-citrate electrolyte is one of the solutions that are used in practice for electroplating Ni-W alloys. In this contribution, a systematic effort was made to clarify some controversies about the mechanism of the deposition reaction. Different complex species are found in the electrolyte, the most important for the alloy deposition process being the protonated tungstate-citrate complex and ammonia-citrate complex of Ni. No complex ions containing both Ni and W together could be detected by the employed (spectrophotometric) method. A critical point was found in the Tafel diagram at which W starts depositing and hydrogen evolution subsides. At potentials more positive than that, the presence of the tungsten oxide | hydroxide layer controls all the reactions at the surface. The critical point coincides with Ni-deposition passing from activation into diffusion/reaction control, which usually leads to rough, or even powdery deposits. This leads to a suggestion that the sudden beginning... of W codeposition may be due to a closer approach of the complex tungstate-citrate ion from the solution to freshly deposited Ni particles sticking out and electron tunneling from those into the complex with a resulting reduction of W to the metallic state.

Keywords:
nickel-tungsten / induced codeposition / Electrochemistry / Ni-W alloys / deposition reaction / mechanism
Source:
Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2003, 552, 185-196
Publisher:
  • Elsevier
Funding / projects:
  • Ministry of Science, Technology and Development of the Republic of Serbia (Contract No. H-1821)

DOI: 10.1016/S0022-0728(03)00151-7

ISSN: 1572-6657; 1873-2569

WoS: 000185413200019

Scopus: 2-s2.0-0042735342
[ Google Scholar ]
79
73
URI
https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4179
Collections
  • Radovi istraživača / Researchers' publications
Institution/Community
IHTM
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Obradović, Maja
AU  - Stevanović, Rade M.
AU  - Despić, Aleksandar R.
PY  - 2003
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4179
AB  - Ammonia-citrate electrolyte is one of the solutions that are used in practice for electroplating Ni-W alloys. In this contribution, a systematic effort was made to clarify some controversies about the mechanism of the deposition reaction. Different complex species are found in the electrolyte, the most important for the alloy deposition process being the protonated tungstate-citrate complex and ammonia-citrate complex of Ni. No complex ions containing both Ni and W together could be detected by the employed (spectrophotometric) method. A critical point was found in the Tafel diagram at which W starts depositing and hydrogen evolution subsides. At potentials more positive than that, the presence of the tungsten oxide | hydroxide layer controls all the reactions at the surface. The critical point coincides with Ni-deposition passing from activation into diffusion/reaction control, which usually leads to rough, or even powdery deposits. This leads to a suggestion that the sudden beginning of W codeposition may be due to a closer approach of the complex tungstate-citrate ion from the solution to freshly deposited Ni particles sticking out and electron tunneling from those into the complex with a resulting reduction of W to the metallic state.
PB  - Elsevier
T2  - Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
T1  - Electrochemical deposition of Ni–W alloys from ammonia–citrate electrolyte
VL  - 552
SP  - 185
EP  - 196
DO  - 10.1016/S0022-0728(03)00151-7
ER  - 
@article{
author = "Obradović, Maja and Stevanović, Rade M. and Despić, Aleksandar R.",
year = "2003",
abstract = "Ammonia-citrate electrolyte is one of the solutions that are used in practice for electroplating Ni-W alloys. In this contribution, a systematic effort was made to clarify some controversies about the mechanism of the deposition reaction. Different complex species are found in the electrolyte, the most important for the alloy deposition process being the protonated tungstate-citrate complex and ammonia-citrate complex of Ni. No complex ions containing both Ni and W together could be detected by the employed (spectrophotometric) method. A critical point was found in the Tafel diagram at which W starts depositing and hydrogen evolution subsides. At potentials more positive than that, the presence of the tungsten oxide | hydroxide layer controls all the reactions at the surface. The critical point coincides with Ni-deposition passing from activation into diffusion/reaction control, which usually leads to rough, or even powdery deposits. This leads to a suggestion that the sudden beginning of W codeposition may be due to a closer approach of the complex tungstate-citrate ion from the solution to freshly deposited Ni particles sticking out and electron tunneling from those into the complex with a resulting reduction of W to the metallic state.",
publisher = "Elsevier",
journal = "Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry",
title = "Electrochemical deposition of Ni–W alloys from ammonia–citrate electrolyte",
volume = "552",
pages = "185-196",
doi = "10.1016/S0022-0728(03)00151-7"
}
Obradović, M., Stevanović, R. M.,& Despić, A. R.. (2003). Electrochemical deposition of Ni–W alloys from ammonia–citrate electrolyte. in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
Elsevier., 552, 185-196.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0728(03)00151-7
Obradović M, Stevanović RM, Despić AR. Electrochemical deposition of Ni–W alloys from ammonia–citrate electrolyte. in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry. 2003;552:185-196.
doi:10.1016/S0022-0728(03)00151-7 .
Obradović, Maja, Stevanović, Rade M., Despić, Aleksandar R., "Electrochemical deposition of Ni–W alloys from ammonia–citrate electrolyte" in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 552 (2003):185-196,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0728(03)00151-7 . .

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