The paper is based on the fact that the internal energy, enthalpy and enthropy as most important thermodynamic state functions, can not be determined in absolut terms without reference state slections. It is demonstrated ...

Today, the World Health Organization has declared a global health emergency, caused by the Monkeypox outbreak. In the monthly analysis for June, 3500 cases have been reported in 50 countries around the world. In the analysis ...

2011 is the international year of chemistry, and it is exactly 100 years past after the P. Langevin promotion of “twin paradox” problem. The hundred year old problem still demands its solution. Twin paradox, established ...

All living structures, from archaea to human, are open thermodynamic systems analysed through nonequilibrium thermodynamics. Nonequilibrium thermodynamics is a field with important applications to life sciences, which is ...

This paper reports empirical formulas, enthalpies of formation, molar entropies, Gibbs energies of formation, and molar heat capacities at 25°C and 37°C for human soft tissues. The results show that Gibbs energy, except ...

Thermodynamic characterization of soils is a developing field that involves the calculation of the enthalpies, Gibbs energy, and entropy of the soil organic matter, SOM. Its achievement would contribute to the development ...

Someone's true age is not written in his ID, but in his biomarkers. Aging process is not caused by time passing, but by thermodynamically laws. Entropy, extent of metabolic reaction, and temperature are Lorentz invariant, ...

SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the group of RNA viruses with a pronounced tendency to mutate. Omicron BA.2.75 is a subvariant believed to be able to suppress the currently dominant BA.5 and cause a new winter wave of the COVID-19 ...

Partition function and thermodynamic parameters of the system open with respect to energy E, volume V and number of particles N, whereas temperature T, chemical potential μ and pressure P were kept constant, were considered ...

The thermodynamic models available in the literature predict that during self-organizing processes the entropy of a cell considered as an open thermodynamic system decreases. This prediction leads to conclusion that cell ...