Recycling of Oily Waste Packaging by Pyrolysis

Abstract

For commercial packing of lubricants, the most commonly used are polyethylene packing which are different designs and volume. After emptying the contents, used packing ending up as waste material in municipal landfills, and in our environment by irresponsible behavior of users (roadside, forests and rivers). It is known the fact that the polyethylene packing materials and mineral oils are decomposed very slowly. The big problem is the fact that the bottles after emptying the contents, i.e. outflow of lubricants in the passenger vehicles and commercial vehicles, construction and agricultural equipment and chainsaws, drop behind a certain amount of lubricants, which further endanger the environment (particularly water and land), and thus the health of the population. In developed countries there is an organized management, almost of all aspects of polymer waste and used fuel. The collected amount of waste are used for the recovery of polymer materials, for energy, and a variety of chemical products (processes of pyrolysis and gasification). In our country has not established management of collection and disposal of waste yet. Number of passenger vehicles, trucks and other vehicles, as well as to agricultural mechanization are growing, and because of their age or condition of the engine, are increased consumption of motor oil and other liquid lubricants. This leads to the formation of large quantities of waste polyethylene packing in which drop behind a certain amount of lubricants. In this paper are described the results of investigation process of pyrolysis oily polyethylene waste in a laboratory reactor for the purpose of obtaining liquid hydrocarbons. The results of investigation can be used for process design for larger proportion, and the resulting products may have commercial applications. Therefore, this method for oily polyethylene waste has not only environmental, but also economic effect.

Za komercijalno pakovanje maziva, najčešće se koristi polietilenska ambalaža različitog dizajna i zapremine. Nakon pražnjenja sadržaja, korišćena ambalaža završava kao otpadni materijal na komunalnim deponijama, a često, neodgovornim odnosom korisnika, završava u našoj okolini (pored saobraćajnica, u šumama i rijekama). Poznata je činjenica da se polietilenski ambalažni materijal i mineralna ulja veoma sporo razgrađuju. Veliki problem predstavlja činjenica da u bocama nakon pražnjenja sadržaja, tj. izlivanja maziva u putničke i teretne automobile, građevinsku i poljoprivrednu mehanizaciju, te motorne pile, zaostaje određena količina maziva, čime se dodatno ugrožava životna sredina (naročito vode i zemljište), a time i zdravlje stanovništva. U razvijenim zemljama EU postoji organizovano upravljanje skoro svim vidovima polimernog otpada, kao i korištenim mazivima. Sakupljene količine otpada koriste se za ponovno dobijanje polimernih materijala, za dobijanje energije, te niza hemijskih proizvoda (procesima pirolize i gasifikacije). U našoj zemlji još nije uspostavljen organizovani način sakupljanja i konačnog zbrinjavanja ovog otpada. Broj putničkih automobila, teretnih i drugih vozila, kao i poljoprivrede mehanizacije je u porastu, a zbog njihove starosti, odnosno stanja motora, povećana je potrošnja motornih ulja i drugih teþnih maziva. To dovodi do nastajanja i veće količine otpadne polietilenske ambalaže u kojoj zaostaje određena količina maziva. U radu su opisani rezultati istraživanja procesa pirolize zauljenog polietilenskog otpada u laboratorijskom reaktoru, u svrhu dobijanja tečnih ugljovodonika. Rezultati istraživanja mogu poslužiti za projektovanje procesa veće razmjere, a dobijeni proizvodi mogu imati komercijalnu primjenu. Zbog toga, ovaj postupak zbrinjavanja zauljenog polietilenskog otpada ima ne samo ekološki, nego i ekonomski efekat.