High temperature materials: properties, demands and applications

Abstract

High-temperature materials are used in a wide range of industries and applications such as gas turbine engines for aircrafts, power and nuclear power plants, different types of furnaces, including blast furnaces, some fuel cells, industrial gas turbines, different types of reactors, engines, electronic and lighting devices, and many others. Demands for high-temperature materials are becoming more and more challenging every year. To perform efficiently, effectively and at the same time to be economically viable, the materials used at high temperatures must have certain characteristics that are particularly expected for applying under such extreme conditions, for example, the strength and thermal resistance. In the present review, some important requirements that should be satisfied by high temperature materials will be discussed. Furthermore, the focus is put on refractory concretes, ceramics, intermetallic alloys, and composites as four different categories of these materials, which are also considered in respect to possibilities to overcome some of the current challenges.

U visokotemperaturske materijale spada široki spektar materijala koji se koriste u industriji, za primenu poput turbina za motore i avione, termo i nuklearne elektrane, različite tipove peći uključujući visoku peć, gorivne ćelije, turbine za različiite namene u industriji, razne vrste reaktora, motora, uređaja u elektronici i osvetljenju, kao i mnoge druge. Svake godine zahtevi za visokotemperaturske materijale postaju sve izazovniji. Da bi se ostvarila efikasnost i efektivnost, i da bi se istovremeno postigla ekonomska održivost, materijali koji se koriste na visokim temperaturama moraju zadovoljiti određene zahteve i imati svojstva koja se očekuju u tako ekspremnim uslovima, kao što su, na primer čvrstoća i otpornost na povišene temperature. U ovom preglednom radu razmatrani su neki od značajnih zahteva koji moraju biti zadovoljeni za visokotemperaturske materijale. Rad se odnosi na vatrostalne betone, keramiku, intermetalne legure i kompozite, kao četiri različite kategorije ove vrste materijala. Navedeni materijali su razmatrani u pogledu mogućnosti prevazilaženja nekih trenutnih izazova.