Influence of the exchange current density and overpotential for hydrogen evolution reaction on the shape of electrolytically produced disperse forms
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In this study, comprehensive survey of formation of disperse forms by the electrolysis from aqueous electrolytes and molten salt electrolysis has been presented. The shape of electrolitically formed disperse forms primarily depends on the nature of metals, determined by the exchange current density (j0) and overpotential for hydrogen evolution reaction as a parallel reaction to metal electrolysis. The decrease of the j0 value leads to a change of shape of dendrites from the needle-like and the 2D fern-like dendrites (metals characterized by high j0 values) to the 3D pine-like dendrites (metals characterized by medium j0 values). The appearing of a strong hydrogen evolution leads to formation of cauliflower-like and spongy-like forms (metals characterized by medium and low j0 values). The other disperse forms, such as regular and irregular crystals, granules, cobweb-like, filaments, mossy and boulders, usually feature metals characterized by the high j0 values. The globules and the carr...ot-like forms are a characteristic of metals with the medium j0 values. The very long needles were a product of molten salt electrolysis of magnesium nitrate hexahydrate. Depending on the shape of the disperse forms, i.e. whether they are formed without and with vigorous hydrogen evolution, formation of all disperse forms can be explained by either application of the general theory of disperse deposits formation or the concept of "effective overpotential". With the decrease of j0 value, the preferred orientation of the disperse forms changed from the strong (111) in the needle-like and the fern-like dendrites to randomly oriented crystallites in the 3D pine-like dendrites and the cauliflower-like and the spongy-like forms.
Keywords:
Electrolysis / metal / morphology / powder particles / SEMSource:
Journal of Electrochemical Science and Engineering, 2020, 10, 2, 111-126Publisher:
- International Association of Physical Chemists
Funding / projects:
- Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia, institutional funding - 200026 (University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy - IChTM) (RS-MESTD-inst-2020-200026)
DOI: 10.5599/jese.707
ISSN: 1847-9286
WoS: 000519626200006
Scopus: 2-s2.0-85085369046
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IHTMTY - JOUR AU - Nikolić, Nebojša D. PY - 2020 UR - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3725 AB - In this study, comprehensive survey of formation of disperse forms by the electrolysis from aqueous electrolytes and molten salt electrolysis has been presented. The shape of electrolitically formed disperse forms primarily depends on the nature of metals, determined by the exchange current density (j0) and overpotential for hydrogen evolution reaction as a parallel reaction to metal electrolysis. The decrease of the j0 value leads to a change of shape of dendrites from the needle-like and the 2D fern-like dendrites (metals characterized by high j0 values) to the 3D pine-like dendrites (metals characterized by medium j0 values). The appearing of a strong hydrogen evolution leads to formation of cauliflower-like and spongy-like forms (metals characterized by medium and low j0 values). The other disperse forms, such as regular and irregular crystals, granules, cobweb-like, filaments, mossy and boulders, usually feature metals characterized by the high j0 values. The globules and the carrot-like forms are a characteristic of metals with the medium j0 values. The very long needles were a product of molten salt electrolysis of magnesium nitrate hexahydrate. Depending on the shape of the disperse forms, i.e. whether they are formed without and with vigorous hydrogen evolution, formation of all disperse forms can be explained by either application of the general theory of disperse deposits formation or the concept of "effective overpotential". With the decrease of j0 value, the preferred orientation of the disperse forms changed from the strong (111) in the needle-like and the fern-like dendrites to randomly oriented crystallites in the 3D pine-like dendrites and the cauliflower-like and the spongy-like forms. PB - International Association of Physical Chemists T2 - Journal of Electrochemical Science and Engineering T1 - Influence of the exchange current density and overpotential for hydrogen evolution reaction on the shape of electrolytically produced disperse forms VL - 10 IS - 2 SP - 111 EP - 126 DO - 10.5599/jese.707 ER -
@article{ author = "Nikolić, Nebojša D.", year = "2020", abstract = "In this study, comprehensive survey of formation of disperse forms by the electrolysis from aqueous electrolytes and molten salt electrolysis has been presented. The shape of electrolitically formed disperse forms primarily depends on the nature of metals, determined by the exchange current density (j0) and overpotential for hydrogen evolution reaction as a parallel reaction to metal electrolysis. The decrease of the j0 value leads to a change of shape of dendrites from the needle-like and the 2D fern-like dendrites (metals characterized by high j0 values) to the 3D pine-like dendrites (metals characterized by medium j0 values). The appearing of a strong hydrogen evolution leads to formation of cauliflower-like and spongy-like forms (metals characterized by medium and low j0 values). The other disperse forms, such as regular and irregular crystals, granules, cobweb-like, filaments, mossy and boulders, usually feature metals characterized by the high j0 values. The globules and the carrot-like forms are a characteristic of metals with the medium j0 values. The very long needles were a product of molten salt electrolysis of magnesium nitrate hexahydrate. Depending on the shape of the disperse forms, i.e. whether they are formed without and with vigorous hydrogen evolution, formation of all disperse forms can be explained by either application of the general theory of disperse deposits formation or the concept of "effective overpotential". With the decrease of j0 value, the preferred orientation of the disperse forms changed from the strong (111) in the needle-like and the fern-like dendrites to randomly oriented crystallites in the 3D pine-like dendrites and the cauliflower-like and the spongy-like forms.", publisher = "International Association of Physical Chemists", journal = "Journal of Electrochemical Science and Engineering", title = "Influence of the exchange current density and overpotential for hydrogen evolution reaction on the shape of electrolytically produced disperse forms", volume = "10", number = "2", pages = "111-126", doi = "10.5599/jese.707" }
Nikolić, N. D.. (2020). Influence of the exchange current density and overpotential for hydrogen evolution reaction on the shape of electrolytically produced disperse forms. in Journal of Electrochemical Science and Engineering International Association of Physical Chemists., 10(2), 111-126. https://doi.org/10.5599/jese.707
Nikolić ND. Influence of the exchange current density and overpotential for hydrogen evolution reaction on the shape of electrolytically produced disperse forms. in Journal of Electrochemical Science and Engineering. 2020;10(2):111-126. doi:10.5599/jese.707 .
Nikolić, Nebojša D., "Influence of the exchange current density and overpotential for hydrogen evolution reaction on the shape of electrolytically produced disperse forms" in Journal of Electrochemical Science and Engineering, 10, no. 2 (2020):111-126, https://doi.org/10.5599/jese.707 . .