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Ranking and similarity of conventional, microwave and ultrasound element sequential extraction methods

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Authors
Relić, Dubravka
Heberger, Karoly
Sakan, Sanja
Skrbic, Biljana
Popović, Aleksandar R.
Đorđević, Dragana
Article (Accepted Version)
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Abstract
This study aims to compare three extraction techniques of four sequential element extraction steps from soil and sediment samples that were taken from the location of the Pancevo petrochemical industry (Serbia). Elements were extracted using three different techniques: conventional, microwave and ultrasound extraction. A novel procedure sum of the ranking differences (SRD) - was able to rank the techniques and elements, to see whether this method is a suitable tool to reveal the similarities and dissimilarities in element extraction techniques, provided that a proper ranking reference is available. The concentrations of the following elements Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Si, Sn, Sr, V and Zn were determined through ICP OES. The different efficiencies and recovery values of element concentrations using each of the three extraction techniques were examined by the CRM BCR-701. By using SRD, we obtained a better separation between the different extraction techniqu...es and steps when we rank their differences among the samples while lower separation was obtained according to analysed elements. Appling this method for ordering the elements could be useful for three purposes: (i) to find possible associations among the elements; (ii) to find possible elements that have outlier concentrations or (iii) detect differences in geochemical origin or behaviour of elements. Cross-validation of the SRD values in combination with cluster and principal component analysis revealed the same groups of extraction steps and techniques.

Keywords:
Sequential extraction / Steps and techniques comparison / Ordering / Pattern recognition
Source:
Chemosphere, 2018, 198, 103-110
Publisher:
  • Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, Oxford
Projects:
  • The study of physicochemical and biochemical processes in living environment that have impacts on pollution and the investigation of possibilities for minimizing the consequences (RS-172001)
  • Studying climate change and its influence on environment: impacts, adaptation and mitigation (RS-43007)
  • OTKA [K119269]
Note:
  • This is a peer-reviewed version of the article: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.200 a
  • http://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2324

DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.200

ISSN: 0045-6535

PubMed: 29421718

WoS: 000427338800012

Scopus: 2-s2.0-85041476147
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URI
http://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2934
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