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Removal of alprazolam from aqueous solutions by heterogeneous photocatalysis: Influencing factors, intermediates, and products

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2017
Authors
Finčur, Nina L.
Krstić, Jugoslav
Sibul, Filip S.
Sojic, Daniela V.
Despotović, Vesna N.
Banic, Nemanja D.
Agbaba, Jasmina R.
Abramović, Biljana F.
Article (Published version)
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Abstract
Efficiency of heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of aiprazolam was investigated. The structural and morphological properties of ZnO were investigated in detail. It was found that ZnO has wurtzite structure with crystallite size about 41 nm, specific surface area about 6.5 m(2)/g, and intraparticle system of pores (maximum pore width about 160 nm). The efficiency of aiprazolam photocatalytic degradation was examined as a function of the type of irradiation (UVA, visible, and simulated solar irradiation) and photocatalyst (ZnO, TiO2 Degussa P25), photocatalyst loading, pH, and the presence of hydroxyl radical, and positive hole scavengers. By examining the effect of types of irradiation and catalysts, it was found that the UVA/ZnO system is the most efficient for alprazolam removal. The optimum catalyst loading was 2.0 mg/mL for TiO2 Degussa P25, while in presence of ZnO degradation rate increases in whole investigated range. In the case of ZnO, the pH 7 was selected as an optimal ...condition, while in aqueous suspension of TiO2 Degussa P25, degradation rate increases in whole investigated pH range (3.4-8.8), but increasing is not as pronounced as in case of ZnO. Also, it was found that ZnO photocatalysis takes place only via hydroxyl radicals, while using TiO2 Degussa P25 positive holes play significant role, too. The results of total organic carbon and ionic chromatography analysis showed that after 60 min of irradiation using both catalysts aiprazolam was completely mineralized. Here, for the first time, reaction intermediates formed using both catalysts were studied in detail, whereby the main intermediates were hydroxyl derivates. ZnO showed high stability in photodegradation after three successive runs.

Keywords:
Alprazolam / Anxiolytic / Heterogeneous photocatalysis / Nanostructure / Mineralization / Reaction intermediates
Source:
Chemical Engineering Journal, 2017, 307, 1105-1115
Publisher:
  • Elsevier Science Sa, Lausanne
Projects:
  • Development of Methods of Monitoring and Removal of Biologically Actives Substances Aimed at Improving the Quality of the Environment (RS-172042)
  • Nanostructured Functional and Composite Materials in Catalytic and Sorption Processes (RS-45001)

DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2016.09.008

ISSN: 1385-8947

WoS: 000387298200115

Scopus: 2-s2.0-84988000471
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URI
http://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2077
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