The influence of environmental conditions on Carum carvi L. var. annum seed quality

Abstract

Field experiments were carried out during two growing seasons with annual caraway, at three localities, in order to determine the effect of different environmental conditions on the quality of seed as reproductive material. During the experiment, it was found that the quality of caraway seed was significantly lower in the hotter and drier year in comparison to the year with moderate conditions. Unfavourable weather conditions caused premature ripening and consequently thousand seed weight was low and lower amounts of essential oils were stored in the seed. By applying the linear regressions method it was established that the total variability of both thousand seed weight and the amount of essential oil per seed were due to its association with harvest index. Because of better characteristics of seed during the moderate year, the germination energy and total germination were significantly higher, and reproductive material was of good quality.

Poljski ogled izveden tokom dve godine sa jednogodišnjim kimom na tri lokaliteta imao je za cilj determinaciju uticaja različitih ekoloških uslova na kvalitet semenskog materijala ove biljke. Utvrđeno je da je kvalitet semena kima značajno lošiji u godini koja je bila sušna i praćena visokim temperaturama u poređenju sa godinom sa umerenim vrednostima klimatskih parametara. Nepovoljni vremenski uslovi uzrokovali su prevremeno zrenje i kao posledica toga došlo je do obrazovanja male mase hiljadu semena i akumulacije manje količine etarskog ulja u semenu. Primenom modela linearne regresije ustanovljeno je da su varijabilnost mase hiljadu semena i količina etarskog ulja u semenu u direktnoj vezi sa žetvenim indeksom. Zbog boljih karakteristika semena formiranog u uslovima umerene godine, energija klijanja i ukupna klijavost su značajno veće, što je dovelo do toga da reproduktivni materijal iz te godine ima bolji kvalitet.