Evaluation of sediment contamination with heavy metals: the importance of determining appropriate background content and suitable element for normalization
Abstract
In the present study, concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Co, Mn, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were determined at 35 river sediments in Serbia. The anthropogenic heavy metals input and quantification of the metal enrichment degree in sediments were estimated by calculating geo-accumulation indices (I-geo) and enrichment factors (EF). These pollution indices have been calculated using different background values (continental crust and local background values) and different element used for normalization (Al and Fe), followed by result comparison. The EF values calculated with continental crust as background (minor to extremely severe enrichment) were higher than when regional background values were used (minor to moderate enrichment). Significant influence of background values on the I-geo values is observed. Values of geo-accumulation index ( LT 2) revealed that studied river sediments are remaining unpolluted to moderately polluted with Co, Mn, Cr, and Ni. Significant pollution in the sedi...ments was observed for Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn elements. The results of this study confirm the relevance of precise and accurate determining of local background concentrations while assessing sediment pollution. The values of EFs for studied elements were more influenced by the choice of background values than selection of element used for normalization. Our recommendation would be to use the local and regional background content in quantification of metal contamination in sediments, since these values differ and are site and region dependent.
Keywords:
Heavy metals / Background values / Sediments / Geo-accumulation indices / Enrichment factorsSource:
Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 2015, 37, 1, 97-113Publisher:
- Springer, Dordrecht
Funding / projects:
- The study of physicochemical and biochemical processes in living environment that have impacts on pollution and the investigation of possibilities for minimizing the consequences (RS-MESTD-Basic Research (BR or ON)-172001)
- Studying climate change and its influence on environment: impacts, adaptation and mitigation (RS-MESTD-Integrated and Interdisciplinary Research (IIR or III)-43007)
DOI: 10.1007/s10653-014-9633-4
ISSN: 0269-4042
PubMed: 25034131
WoS: 000351751600008
Scopus: 2-s2.0-84939891483
Collections
Institution/Community
IHTMTY - JOUR AU - Sakan, Sanja AU - Dević, Gordana AU - Relić, Dubravka AU - Anđelković, Ivan AU - Sakan, Nenad AU - Đorđević, Dragana PY - 2015 UR - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1757 AB - In the present study, concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Co, Mn, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were determined at 35 river sediments in Serbia. The anthropogenic heavy metals input and quantification of the metal enrichment degree in sediments were estimated by calculating geo-accumulation indices (I-geo) and enrichment factors (EF). These pollution indices have been calculated using different background values (continental crust and local background values) and different element used for normalization (Al and Fe), followed by result comparison. The EF values calculated with continental crust as background (minor to extremely severe enrichment) were higher than when regional background values were used (minor to moderate enrichment). Significant influence of background values on the I-geo values is observed. Values of geo-accumulation index ( LT 2) revealed that studied river sediments are remaining unpolluted to moderately polluted with Co, Mn, Cr, and Ni. Significant pollution in the sediments was observed for Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn elements. The results of this study confirm the relevance of precise and accurate determining of local background concentrations while assessing sediment pollution. The values of EFs for studied elements were more influenced by the choice of background values than selection of element used for normalization. Our recommendation would be to use the local and regional background content in quantification of metal contamination in sediments, since these values differ and are site and region dependent. PB - Springer, Dordrecht T2 - Environmental Geochemistry and Health T1 - Evaluation of sediment contamination with heavy metals: the importance of determining appropriate background content and suitable element for normalization VL - 37 IS - 1 SP - 97 EP - 113 DO - 10.1007/s10653-014-9633-4 ER -
@article{ author = "Sakan, Sanja and Dević, Gordana and Relić, Dubravka and Anđelković, Ivan and Sakan, Nenad and Đorđević, Dragana", year = "2015", abstract = "In the present study, concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Co, Mn, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were determined at 35 river sediments in Serbia. The anthropogenic heavy metals input and quantification of the metal enrichment degree in sediments were estimated by calculating geo-accumulation indices (I-geo) and enrichment factors (EF). These pollution indices have been calculated using different background values (continental crust and local background values) and different element used for normalization (Al and Fe), followed by result comparison. The EF values calculated with continental crust as background (minor to extremely severe enrichment) were higher than when regional background values were used (minor to moderate enrichment). Significant influence of background values on the I-geo values is observed. Values of geo-accumulation index ( LT 2) revealed that studied river sediments are remaining unpolluted to moderately polluted with Co, Mn, Cr, and Ni. Significant pollution in the sediments was observed for Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn elements. The results of this study confirm the relevance of precise and accurate determining of local background concentrations while assessing sediment pollution. The values of EFs for studied elements were more influenced by the choice of background values than selection of element used for normalization. Our recommendation would be to use the local and regional background content in quantification of metal contamination in sediments, since these values differ and are site and region dependent.", publisher = "Springer, Dordrecht", journal = "Environmental Geochemistry and Health", title = "Evaluation of sediment contamination with heavy metals: the importance of determining appropriate background content and suitable element for normalization", volume = "37", number = "1", pages = "97-113", doi = "10.1007/s10653-014-9633-4" }
Sakan, S., Dević, G., Relić, D., Anđelković, I., Sakan, N.,& Đorđević, D.. (2015). Evaluation of sediment contamination with heavy metals: the importance of determining appropriate background content and suitable element for normalization. in Environmental Geochemistry and Health Springer, Dordrecht., 37(1), 97-113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-014-9633-4
Sakan S, Dević G, Relić D, Anđelković I, Sakan N, Đorđević D. Evaluation of sediment contamination with heavy metals: the importance of determining appropriate background content and suitable element for normalization. in Environmental Geochemistry and Health. 2015;37(1):97-113. doi:10.1007/s10653-014-9633-4 .
Sakan, Sanja, Dević, Gordana, Relić, Dubravka, Anđelković, Ivan, Sakan, Nenad, Đorđević, Dragana, "Evaluation of sediment contamination with heavy metals: the importance of determining appropriate background content and suitable element for normalization" in Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 37, no. 1 (2015):97-113, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-014-9633-4 . .