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Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrochemistry of Nanotubular Polypyrrole and Polypyrrole-Derived Carbon Nanotubes

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2014
Authors
Ciric-Marjanovic, Gordana
Mentus, Slavko
Pasti, Igor
Gavrilov, Nemanja
Krstić, Jugoslav
Travas-Sejdic, Jadranka
Strover, Lisa T.
Kopecka, Jitka
Moravkova, Zuzana
Trchova, Miroslava
Stejskal, Jaroslav
Article (Published version)
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Abstract
Polypyrrole nanotubes (PPy-NTs) were prepared by the oxidation of pyrrole with iron(III) chloride in the presence of a structure-guiding agent, methyl orange. Upon carbonization of the salt form of PPy-NTs, the conducting nitrogen-containing nanotubular carbonaceous material (C-PPy-NT) was obtained. The morphology, structure, and physicochemical properties of PPy-NTs in salt and base form as well as C-PPy-NTs were investigated by transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopies, conductivity measurements, elemental microanalysis, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and nitrogen physisorption. Results of the material characterization were linked to their electrochemical behavior. Specific capacitance of around 120 F g(-1) at low potential sweep rate of 5 mV s(-1) was observed for original PPy-NTs. However, when the potential sweep rate was increased to 100 mV s(-1), PPy-NT salt retained the valu...e of specific capacitance, while the capacitance of PPy-NT base decreased by 70%. Upon carbonization of PPy-NT salt, the specific capacitance was doubled and capacitance fade measured in the interval 5-100 mV s(-1) was determined to be around 45%. It is proposed that the absolute value of specific capacitance is determined by specific surface area and surface functional groups, while the capacitance fade is determined by the conductivity of the electrode material. In this manner, a linear relationship between the percent of capacitance fade and the logarithm of the conductivity was revealed. C-PPy-NTs were also tested as an electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline media. High ORR activity was observed, characterized by the onset potential of -0.1 V versus saturated calomel electrode and the apparent number of electrons consumed per oxygen molecule higher than 3. Appreciable ORR activity can be linked with a high fraction of mesopores and the presence of surface functional groups, especially pyridinic and pyrrolic nitrogens, and also with a high degree of structural disorder.

Source:
Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2014, 118, 27, 14770-14784
Publisher:
  • Amer Chemical Soc, Washington
Projects:
  • Electroconducting and redox-active polymers and oligomers: synthesis, structure, properties and applications (RS-172043)
  • Lithium-ion batteries and fuel cells - research and development (RS-45014)
  • Czech Science Foundation - P205/12/0911
  • Czech Science Foundation - 13-00270S
  • Czech Science Foundation - 14-10279S

DOI: 10.1021/jp502862d

ISSN: 1932-7447

WoS: 000338980400007

Scopus: 2-s2.0-84904358980
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URI
http://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1594
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IHTM

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