TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pantović Spajić, Katarina
AU  - Sakan, Sanja
AU  - Đorđević, Dragana
AU  - Šoštarić, Tatjana
AU  - Lopičić, Zorica
AU  - Janićijević, Aleksandra
AU  - Stojanović, Ksenija
PY  - 2019
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/7489
AB  - The purpose of this paper was to investigate the effectiveness of three different extraction agents for the extraction of 25 elements from sediment samples collected from 4 artificial lakes and 12 rivers in Serbia (33 samples in total). The extraction efficiency of the agents was evaluated by its ability to extract the highest quantity of the elements. For that purpose, three acids (1M HCl, 2M HNO3 and 0.43M CH3COOH) have been used. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used for quantitative determination of following elements: Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Ca, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Ni, Na, Pb, Sb, Se, Sr, V, and Zn. The extraction with 1M HCl has shown the best results for the majority of investigated elements (especially Sr, Mn and Ca). Antimony (Sb) was detected only after extraction with 0.43M CH3COOOH, while selenium (Se) could not be detected when 2M HNO3 was applied as extraction agents. The present study could be very useful for choosing a suitable method for specific elements and also can be helpful in the evaluation of the contaminants in freshwater sediments in Serbia. This might contribute to environmental risk assessment of the present elements.
T2  - Acta Periodica Technologica
T1  - Comparison of extraction agents for metal determination in sediments from artificial lakes and rivers in Serbia
VL  - 50
SP  - 189
EP  - 196
DO  - 10.2298/APT1950189P
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Pantović Spajić, Katarina and Sakan, Sanja and Đorđević, Dragana and Šoštarić, Tatjana and Lopičić, Zorica and Janićijević, Aleksandra and Stojanović, Ksenija",
year = "2019",
abstract = "The purpose of this paper was to investigate the effectiveness of three different extraction agents for the extraction of 25 elements from sediment samples collected from 4 artificial lakes and 12 rivers in Serbia (33 samples in total). The extraction efficiency of the agents was evaluated by its ability to extract the highest quantity of the elements. For that purpose, three acids (1M HCl, 2M HNO3 and 0.43M CH3COOH) have been used. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used for quantitative determination of following elements: Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Ca, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Ni, Na, Pb, Sb, Se, Sr, V, and Zn. The extraction with 1M HCl has shown the best results for the majority of investigated elements (especially Sr, Mn and Ca). Antimony (Sb) was detected only after extraction with 0.43M CH3COOOH, while selenium (Se) could not be detected when 2M HNO3 was applied as extraction agents. The present study could be very useful for choosing a suitable method for specific elements and also can be helpful in the evaluation of the contaminants in freshwater sediments in Serbia. This might contribute to environmental risk assessment of the present elements.",
journal = "Acta Periodica Technologica",
title = "Comparison of extraction agents for metal determination in sediments from artificial lakes and rivers in Serbia",
volume = "50",
pages = "189-196",
doi = "10.2298/APT1950189P"
}

Pantović Spajić, K., Sakan, S., Đorđević, D., Šoštarić, T., Lopičić, Z., Janićijević, A.,& Stojanović, K.. (2019). Comparison of extraction agents for metal determination in sediments from artificial lakes and rivers in Serbia. in Acta Periodica Technologica, 50, 189-196.
https://doi.org/10.2298/APT1950189P

Pantović Spajić K, Sakan S, Đorđević D, Šoštarić T, Lopičić Z, Janićijević A, Stojanović K. Comparison of extraction agents for metal determination in sediments from artificial lakes and rivers in Serbia. in Acta Periodica Technologica. 2019;50:189-196.
doi:10.2298/APT1950189P .

Pantović Spajić, Katarina, Sakan, Sanja, Đorđević, Dragana, Šoštarić, Tatjana, Lopičić, Zorica, Janićijević, Aleksandra, Stojanović, Ksenija, "Comparison of extraction agents for metal determination in sediments from artificial lakes and rivers in Serbia" in Acta Periodica Technologica, 50 (2019):189-196,
https://doi.org/10.2298/APT1950189P . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Marković, Branislav
AU  - Manasijević, Dragan
AU  - Talijan, Nadežda M.
AU  - Sokić, Miroslav
AU  - Štrbac, Nada
AU  - Patarić, Aleksandra
AU  - Bugarčić, Mladen
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3884
AB  - The Bi–Cu–Ni ternary system belongs to the group of potential Cu-Ni-based advanced lead-free solder materials for high temperature application. The paper shows results of the thermodynamic calculations using general solution model along the line with the molar ratio of Cu: Ni = 1:1. The experimental part shows thermal, structural, electrical and mechanical properties based on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS), electroconductivity and hardness measurements of the alloys selected in the section from bismuth corner with molar ratio Cu: Ni = 1:1, Cu: Ni = 3:1, and Cu: Ni = 1:3.
PB  - Serbia : Association of Metallurgical Engineers of Serbia
T2  - Metallurgical & Materials Engineering
T1  - Ternary Bi-Cu-Ni alloys – thermodynamics, characterization, mechanical and electrical properties
VL  - 23
IS  - 3
SP  - 241
EP  - 254
DO  - 10.30544/316
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Marković, Branislav and Manasijević, Dragan and Talijan, Nadežda M. and Sokić, Miroslav and Štrbac, Nada and Patarić, Aleksandra and Bugarčić, Mladen",
year = "2017",
abstract = "The Bi–Cu–Ni ternary system belongs to the group of potential Cu-Ni-based advanced lead-free solder materials for high temperature application. The paper shows results of the thermodynamic calculations using general solution model along the line with the molar ratio of Cu: Ni = 1:1. The experimental part shows thermal, structural, electrical and mechanical properties based on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS), electroconductivity and hardness measurements of the alloys selected in the section from bismuth corner with molar ratio Cu: Ni = 1:1, Cu: Ni = 3:1, and Cu: Ni = 1:3.",
publisher = "Serbia : Association of Metallurgical Engineers of Serbia",
journal = "Metallurgical & Materials Engineering",
title = "Ternary Bi-Cu-Ni alloys – thermodynamics, characterization, mechanical and electrical properties",
volume = "23",
number = "3",
pages = "241-254",
doi = "10.30544/316"
}

Marković, B., Manasijević, D., Talijan, N. M., Sokić, M., Štrbac, N., Patarić, A.,& Bugarčić, M.. (2017). Ternary Bi-Cu-Ni alloys – thermodynamics, characterization, mechanical and electrical properties. in Metallurgical & Materials Engineering
Serbia : Association of Metallurgical Engineers of Serbia., 23(3), 241-254.
https://doi.org/10.30544/316

Marković B, Manasijević D, Talijan NM, Sokić M, Štrbac N, Patarić A, Bugarčić M. Ternary Bi-Cu-Ni alloys – thermodynamics, characterization, mechanical and electrical properties. in Metallurgical & Materials Engineering. 2017;23(3):241-254.
doi:10.30544/316 .

Marković, Branislav, Manasijević, Dragan, Talijan, Nadežda M., Sokić, Miroslav, Štrbac, Nada, Patarić, Aleksandra, Bugarčić, Mladen, "Ternary Bi-Cu-Ni alloys – thermodynamics, characterization, mechanical and electrical properties" in Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, 23, no. 3 (2017):241-254,
https://doi.org/10.30544/316 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ćosović, Aleksandar R.
AU  - Žak, Tomas
AU  - Glisic, Sandra B
AU  - Sokic, Miroslav D
AU  - Lazarević, Slavica
AU  - Ćosović, Vladan
AU  - Orlovic, Aleksandar M
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2009
AB  - Nano-crystalline nickel ferrite has a broad range of applications due to its favourable magnetic properties. Those characteristics can be significantly influenced by the synthesis pathway including methods conducted in the presence of supercritical alcohols. Nano-crystalline NiFe2O4 powders were obtained in the reaction under subcritical and supercritical conditions of ethanol. Both high pressure synthesis routes resulted in powders with smaller primary particles and higher mesoporosity than co-precipitation method. Upon the annealing treatment the average crystallite size increased while material structure remained uniform, resulting in significantly enhanced magnetic properties, such as coercivity and remanence. It was found that synthesis under supercritical conditions provides higher conversion but also material with larger average crystallite size upon annealing. The time and temperature of annealing stage significantly influenced the morphology and magnetic properties of the obtained powders.
PB  - Elsevier
T2  - Journal of Supercritical Fluids
T1  - Synthesis of nano-crystalline NiFe2O4 powders in subcritical and supercritical ethanol
VL  - 113
SP  - 96
EP  - 105
DO  - 10.1016/j.supflu.2016.03.014
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Ćosović, Aleksandar R. and Žak, Tomas and Glisic, Sandra B and Sokic, Miroslav D and Lazarević, Slavica and Ćosović, Vladan and Orlovic, Aleksandar M",
year = "2016",
abstract = "Nano-crystalline nickel ferrite has a broad range of applications due to its favourable magnetic properties. Those characteristics can be significantly influenced by the synthesis pathway including methods conducted in the presence of supercritical alcohols. Nano-crystalline NiFe2O4 powders were obtained in the reaction under subcritical and supercritical conditions of ethanol. Both high pressure synthesis routes resulted in powders with smaller primary particles and higher mesoporosity than co-precipitation method. Upon the annealing treatment the average crystallite size increased while material structure remained uniform, resulting in significantly enhanced magnetic properties, such as coercivity and remanence. It was found that synthesis under supercritical conditions provides higher conversion but also material with larger average crystallite size upon annealing. The time and temperature of annealing stage significantly influenced the morphology and magnetic properties of the obtained powders.",
publisher = "Elsevier",
journal = "Journal of Supercritical Fluids",
title = "Synthesis of nano-crystalline NiFe2O4 powders in subcritical and supercritical ethanol",
volume = "113",
pages = "96-105",
doi = "10.1016/j.supflu.2016.03.014"
}

Ćosović, A. R., Žak, T., Glisic, S. B., Sokic, M. D., Lazarević, S., Ćosović, V.,& Orlovic, A. M.. (2016). Synthesis of nano-crystalline NiFe2O4 powders in subcritical and supercritical ethanol. in Journal of Supercritical Fluids
Elsevier., 113, 96-105.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2016.03.014

Ćosović AR, Žak T, Glisic SB, Sokic MD, Lazarević S, Ćosović V, Orlovic AM. Synthesis of nano-crystalline NiFe2O4 powders in subcritical and supercritical ethanol. in Journal of Supercritical Fluids. 2016;113:96-105.
doi:10.1016/j.supflu.2016.03.014 .

Ćosović, Aleksandar R., Žak, Tomas, Glisic, Sandra B, Sokic, Miroslav D, Lazarević, Slavica, Ćosović, Vladan, Orlovic, Aleksandar M, "Synthesis of nano-crystalline NiFe2O4 powders in subcritical and supercritical ethanol" in Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 113 (2016):96-105,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2016.03.014 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Živković, Dragana
AU  - Balanović, Ljubiša
AU  - Mitovski, Aleksandra
AU  - Talijan, Nadežda M.
AU  - Štrbac, Nada
AU  - Sokić, Miroslav
AU  - Manasijević, Dragan
AU  - Minić, Duško
AU  - Ćosović, Vladan
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1460
AB  - Nanotechnologies are being spoken of as the driving force behind a new industrial revolution. Nanoscience has matured significantly during the last decade as it has transitioned from bench top science to applied technology. Presently, nanomaterials are used in a wide variety of commercial products such as electronic components, sports equipment, sun creams and biomedical applications. The size of nanoparticles allows them to interact strongly with biological structures, so they present potential human and environmental health risk. Nanometer size presents also a problem for separation, recovery, and reuse of the particulate matter. Therefore, industrial-scale manufacturing and use of nanomaterials could have strong impact on human health and the environment or the problematic of nanomaterials recycling. The catch-all term ''nanotechnology' is not sufficiently precise for risk governance and risk management purposes. The estimation of possible risks depends on a consideration of the life cycle of the material being produced, which involves understanding the processes and materials used in manufacture, the likely interactions between the product and individuals or the environment during its manufacture and useful life, and the methods used in its eventual disposal. From a risk-control point of view it will be necessary to systematically identify those critical issues, which should be looked at in more detail. Brief review of actual trends in nanomaterials environmental risks and recycling is given in this paper.
AB  - Nanotehnologije se smatraju pokretačkom snagom nove industrijske revolucije. Nanonauka je tokom poslednje decenije značajno evoluirala od nauke koja se isključivo razvijala u laboratorijskim uslovima, do njene aplikacije u primenjenim tehnologijama. Trenutno, nanomaterijali se koriste u širokom spektru komercijalnih proizvoda kao što su elektronske komponente, sportska oprema, kreme za sunčanje i u biomedicinske svrhe. Veličina nanočestica omogućava im snažnu interakciju sa biološkim strukturama, tako da nanočestice predstavljaju potencijalni rizik po životnu sredinu i zdravlje ljudi. Nanometar kao veličina takođe predstavlja problem za separaciju, reciklažu i ponovno korišćenje nanočestica. Dakle, proizvodnja nanomaterijala u industrijskim razmerama i njihova primena mogli bi imati značajan uticaj na zdravlje ljudi i životnu sredinu ili stvorili probleme pri reciklaži. Sveobuhvatni termin 'nanotehnologija' nije dovoljno precizan kada se radi o upravljanju rizicima. Procena mogućih rizika zavisi od razmatranja životnog ciklusa materijala koji se proizvodi, a koji uključuje razumevanje procesa i materijala koji se koriste u proizvodnji, verovatne interakcije između proizvoda i pojedinaca ili životne sredine tokom proizvodnje nanomaterijala i njegovog životnog ciklusa, kao i metoda koje se koriste za njihovo konačno odlaganje. Sa stanovišta kontrole rizika, neophodno je identifikovati kritične faze, koje je neophodno detaljno istražiti. Pregled aktuelnih trendova ekoloških rizika i reciklaži nanomaterijala prezentovan je u ovom radu.
PB  - University of Belgrade, Technical Faculty in Bor
T2  - Recycling and Sustainable Development
T1  - Nanomaterials environmental risks and recycling: Actual issues
T1  - Ekološki rizici i reciklaža nanomaterijala - aktuelna pitanja
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
DO  - 10.5937/ror1401001Z
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Živković, Dragana and Balanović, Ljubiša and Mitovski, Aleksandra and Talijan, Nadežda M. and Štrbac, Nada and Sokić, Miroslav and Manasijević, Dragan and Minić, Duško and Ćosović, Vladan",
year = "2014",
abstract = "Nanotechnologies are being spoken of as the driving force behind a new industrial revolution. Nanoscience has matured significantly during the last decade as it has transitioned from bench top science to applied technology. Presently, nanomaterials are used in a wide variety of commercial products such as electronic components, sports equipment, sun creams and biomedical applications. The size of nanoparticles allows them to interact strongly with biological structures, so they present potential human and environmental health risk. Nanometer size presents also a problem for separation, recovery, and reuse of the particulate matter. Therefore, industrial-scale manufacturing and use of nanomaterials could have strong impact on human health and the environment or the problematic of nanomaterials recycling. The catch-all term ''nanotechnology' is not sufficiently precise for risk governance and risk management purposes. The estimation of possible risks depends on a consideration of the life cycle of the material being produced, which involves understanding the processes and materials used in manufacture, the likely interactions between the product and individuals or the environment during its manufacture and useful life, and the methods used in its eventual disposal. From a risk-control point of view it will be necessary to systematically identify those critical issues, which should be looked at in more detail. Brief review of actual trends in nanomaterials environmental risks and recycling is given in this paper., Nanotehnologije se smatraju pokretačkom snagom nove industrijske revolucije. Nanonauka je tokom poslednje decenije značajno evoluirala od nauke koja se isključivo razvijala u laboratorijskim uslovima, do njene aplikacije u primenjenim tehnologijama. Trenutno, nanomaterijali se koriste u širokom spektru komercijalnih proizvoda kao što su elektronske komponente, sportska oprema, kreme za sunčanje i u biomedicinske svrhe. Veličina nanočestica omogućava im snažnu interakciju sa biološkim strukturama, tako da nanočestice predstavljaju potencijalni rizik po životnu sredinu i zdravlje ljudi. Nanometar kao veličina takođe predstavlja problem za separaciju, reciklažu i ponovno korišćenje nanočestica. Dakle, proizvodnja nanomaterijala u industrijskim razmerama i njihova primena mogli bi imati značajan uticaj na zdravlje ljudi i životnu sredinu ili stvorili probleme pri reciklaži. Sveobuhvatni termin 'nanotehnologija' nije dovoljno precizan kada se radi o upravljanju rizicima. Procena mogućih rizika zavisi od razmatranja životnog ciklusa materijala koji se proizvodi, a koji uključuje razumevanje procesa i materijala koji se koriste u proizvodnji, verovatne interakcije između proizvoda i pojedinaca ili životne sredine tokom proizvodnje nanomaterijala i njegovog životnog ciklusa, kao i metoda koje se koriste za njihovo konačno odlaganje. Sa stanovišta kontrole rizika, neophodno je identifikovati kritične faze, koje je neophodno detaljno istražiti. Pregled aktuelnih trendova ekoloških rizika i reciklaži nanomaterijala prezentovan je u ovom radu.",
publisher = "University of Belgrade, Technical Faculty in Bor",
journal = "Recycling and Sustainable Development",
title = "Nanomaterials environmental risks and recycling: Actual issues, Ekološki rizici i reciklaža nanomaterijala - aktuelna pitanja",
volume = "7",
number = "1",
pages = "1-8",
doi = "10.5937/ror1401001Z"
}

Živković, D., Balanović, L., Mitovski, A., Talijan, N. M., Štrbac, N., Sokić, M., Manasijević, D., Minić, D.,& Ćosović, V.. (2014). Nanomaterials environmental risks and recycling: Actual issues. in Recycling and Sustainable Development
University of Belgrade, Technical Faculty in Bor., 7(1), 1-8.
https://doi.org/10.5937/ror1401001Z

Živković D, Balanović L, Mitovski A, Talijan NM, Štrbac N, Sokić M, Manasijević D, Minić D, Ćosović V. Nanomaterials environmental risks and recycling: Actual issues. in Recycling and Sustainable Development. 2014;7(1):1-8.
doi:10.5937/ror1401001Z .

Živković, Dragana, Balanović, Ljubiša, Mitovski, Aleksandra, Talijan, Nadežda M., Štrbac, Nada, Sokić, Miroslav, Manasijević, Dragan, Minić, Duško, Ćosović, Vladan, "Nanomaterials environmental risks and recycling: Actual issues" in Recycling and Sustainable Development, 7, no. 1 (2014):1-8,
https://doi.org/10.5937/ror1401001Z . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Žak, Tomas
AU  - David, B.
AU  - Ćosović, A.
AU  - Ćosović, Vladan
AU  - Živković, Dragana
AU  - Talijan, Nadežda M.
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1602
AB  - Nanocrystalline Ni-ferrite was synthesized by modified precipitation method in which soluble starch is used as dispersing agent and Na2CO 3 as a precipitating agent. NiSO4-6H2O and Fe(NO3)3-9H2O were used as precursors for nickel and ferric oxide, respectively. The obtained nanocrystalline Ni-ferrite was analysed and discussed through structural, compositional and magnetic characterization. Formation of pure NiFe2O4 phase with average crystallite size of 21 nm has been con rmed by X-ray di raction analysis (XRD). The determined phase composition was additionally supported by results of 57Fe Mössbauer phase (MS) analysis and material's nanocrystalline structure by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Thermomagnetic behaviour was studied up to 800 C. The obtained room temperature magnetic hysteresis loop, recorded by means of a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), exhibits characteristic "S" shape of the soft magnetic material with the measured coercivity of about 10 kA/m and the specific moment up to 40 Am2/kg.
PB  - Polish Academy of Sciences
C3  - Acta Physica Polonica A
T1  - Structure and magnetic properties of nanocrystalline NiFe2O 4 prepared via precipitation route
VL  - 126
IS  - 1
SP  - 142
EP  - 143
DO  - 10.12693/APhysPolA.126.142
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Žak, Tomas and David, B. and Ćosović, A. and Ćosović, Vladan and Živković, Dragana and Talijan, Nadežda M.",
year = "2014",
abstract = "Nanocrystalline Ni-ferrite was synthesized by modified precipitation method in which soluble starch is used as dispersing agent and Na2CO 3 as a precipitating agent. NiSO4-6H2O and Fe(NO3)3-9H2O were used as precursors for nickel and ferric oxide, respectively. The obtained nanocrystalline Ni-ferrite was analysed and discussed through structural, compositional and magnetic characterization. Formation of pure NiFe2O4 phase with average crystallite size of 21 nm has been con rmed by X-ray di raction analysis (XRD). The determined phase composition was additionally supported by results of 57Fe Mössbauer phase (MS) analysis and material's nanocrystalline structure by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Thermomagnetic behaviour was studied up to 800 C. The obtained room temperature magnetic hysteresis loop, recorded by means of a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), exhibits characteristic "S" shape of the soft magnetic material with the measured coercivity of about 10 kA/m and the specific moment up to 40 Am2/kg.",
publisher = "Polish Academy of Sciences",
journal = "Acta Physica Polonica A",
title = "Structure and magnetic properties of nanocrystalline NiFe2O 4 prepared via precipitation route",
volume = "126",
number = "1",
pages = "142-143",
doi = "10.12693/APhysPolA.126.142"
}

Žak, T., David, B., Ćosović, A., Ćosović, V., Živković, D.,& Talijan, N. M.. (2014). Structure and magnetic properties of nanocrystalline NiFe2O 4 prepared via precipitation route. in Acta Physica Polonica A
Polish Academy of Sciences., 126(1), 142-143.
https://doi.org/10.12693/APhysPolA.126.142

Žak T, David B, Ćosović A, Ćosović V, Živković D, Talijan NM. Structure and magnetic properties of nanocrystalline NiFe2O 4 prepared via precipitation route. in Acta Physica Polonica A. 2014;126(1):142-143.
doi:10.12693/APhysPolA.126.142 .

Žak, Tomas, David, B., Ćosović, A., Ćosović, Vladan, Živković, Dragana, Talijan, Nadežda M., "Structure and magnetic properties of nanocrystalline NiFe2O 4 prepared via precipitation route" in Acta Physica Polonica A, 126, no. 1 (2014):142-143,
https://doi.org/10.12693/APhysPolA.126.142 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ćosović, Vladan
AU  - Pavlović, Miroslav M.
AU  - Cosovic, A.
AU  - Vulić, Predrag
AU  - Premović, Milena
AU  - Živković, Dragana
AU  - Talijan, Nadežda M.
PY  - 2013
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1186
AB  - High energy ball milling was used in order to improve dispersion of metal oxide in Ag-SnO2 electrical contact materials. The processed Ag-SnO2 (92:8) and Ag-SnO2In2O3 (87.8:9.30:2.9) powder mixtures were subsequently consolidated to bulk solid pieces by conventional powder metallurgy method. The characterization of the prepared samples included microstructural analysis by XRD and SEM, as well as measurements of physical properties such as density, hardness and electrical conductivity. The results of X-Ray analysis point to reduction of crystallite size after milling of about ten times. Microstructures of sintered Ag-SnO2 and Ag-SnO2 In2O3 materials display very fine dispersion of the oxide components in silver matrix. Somewhat higher uniformity was obtained for Ag-SnO2 In2O3 material which was illustrated by results of SEM analysis and more consistent microhardness values. The obtained values of studied physical properties were found to be in accordance with observed higher dispersion of metal oxide particles and comparable to properties of commercial electrical contact materials of this type.
AB  - Metoda visokoenergetskog mehaničkog mlevenja je primenjena za pripremu elektrokontaktnih materijala na bazi Ag-SnO2 sa ciljem postizanja visokog stepena disperzije čestica metalnih oksida u srebrnoj matrici. Smeše prahova sastava Ag- SnO2 (92:8) i Ag-SnO2In2O3 (87.8:9.30:2.9) su posle mlevenja procesuirane konvencionalnim tehnikama metalurgije praha. Karakterizacija sinterovanih uzoraka obuhvatila je mikrostrukturnu analizu (XRD, SEM) kao i merenje važnijih fizičkih svojstava: gustina, tvrdoća i električna provodljivost. Rezultati XRD analize su pokazali značajno smanjenje veličine kristalita od oko deset puta. Mikrostrukturna analiza sinterovanih materijala ukazala je na veoma finu i uniformnu disperziju oksidnih komponenti u srebrnoj matrici. SEM mikrofotografije takođe pokazuju veću uniformnost mikrostrukture uzorka Ag-SnO2In2O3 što potvrđuju i ujednačenije vrednosti mikrotvrdoće dobijene za ovaj materijal. Izmerene vrednosti analiziranih fizičkih svojstava su u saglasnosti sa postignutim većim stepenom disperzije čestica metalnih oksida u srebrnoj matrici i uporedive su sa svojstvima komercijalnih elektrokontaktnih materijala ovog tipa.
PB  - International Institute for the Science of Sintering, Beograd
T2  - Science of Sintering
T1  - Microstructure refinement and physical properties of Ag-SnO2 based contact materials prepared by high-energy ball milling
VL  - 45
IS  - 2
SP  - 173
EP  - 180
DO  - 10.2298/SOS1302173C
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Ćosović, Vladan and Pavlović, Miroslav M. and Cosovic, A. and Vulić, Predrag and Premović, Milena and Živković, Dragana and Talijan, Nadežda M.",
year = "2013",
abstract = "High energy ball milling was used in order to improve dispersion of metal oxide in Ag-SnO2 electrical contact materials. The processed Ag-SnO2 (92:8) and Ag-SnO2In2O3 (87.8:9.30:2.9) powder mixtures were subsequently consolidated to bulk solid pieces by conventional powder metallurgy method. The characterization of the prepared samples included microstructural analysis by XRD and SEM, as well as measurements of physical properties such as density, hardness and electrical conductivity. The results of X-Ray analysis point to reduction of crystallite size after milling of about ten times. Microstructures of sintered Ag-SnO2 and Ag-SnO2 In2O3 materials display very fine dispersion of the oxide components in silver matrix. Somewhat higher uniformity was obtained for Ag-SnO2 In2O3 material which was illustrated by results of SEM analysis and more consistent microhardness values. The obtained values of studied physical properties were found to be in accordance with observed higher dispersion of metal oxide particles and comparable to properties of commercial electrical contact materials of this type., Metoda visokoenergetskog mehaničkog mlevenja je primenjena za pripremu elektrokontaktnih materijala na bazi Ag-SnO2 sa ciljem postizanja visokog stepena disperzije čestica metalnih oksida u srebrnoj matrici. Smeše prahova sastava Ag- SnO2 (92:8) i Ag-SnO2In2O3 (87.8:9.30:2.9) su posle mlevenja procesuirane konvencionalnim tehnikama metalurgije praha. Karakterizacija sinterovanih uzoraka obuhvatila je mikrostrukturnu analizu (XRD, SEM) kao i merenje važnijih fizičkih svojstava: gustina, tvrdoća i električna provodljivost. Rezultati XRD analize su pokazali značajno smanjenje veličine kristalita od oko deset puta. Mikrostrukturna analiza sinterovanih materijala ukazala je na veoma finu i uniformnu disperziju oksidnih komponenti u srebrnoj matrici. SEM mikrofotografije takođe pokazuju veću uniformnost mikrostrukture uzorka Ag-SnO2In2O3 što potvrđuju i ujednačenije vrednosti mikrotvrdoće dobijene za ovaj materijal. Izmerene vrednosti analiziranih fizičkih svojstava su u saglasnosti sa postignutim većim stepenom disperzije čestica metalnih oksida u srebrnoj matrici i uporedive su sa svojstvima komercijalnih elektrokontaktnih materijala ovog tipa.",
publisher = "International Institute for the Science of Sintering, Beograd",
journal = "Science of Sintering",
title = "Microstructure refinement and physical properties of Ag-SnO2 based contact materials prepared by high-energy ball milling",
volume = "45",
number = "2",
pages = "173-180",
doi = "10.2298/SOS1302173C"
}

Ćosović, V., Pavlović, M. M., Cosovic, A., Vulić, P., Premović, M., Živković, D.,& Talijan, N. M.. (2013). Microstructure refinement and physical properties of Ag-SnO2 based contact materials prepared by high-energy ball milling. in Science of Sintering
International Institute for the Science of Sintering, Beograd., 45(2), 173-180.
https://doi.org/10.2298/SOS1302173C

Ćosović V, Pavlović MM, Cosovic A, Vulić P, Premović M, Živković D, Talijan NM. Microstructure refinement and physical properties of Ag-SnO2 based contact materials prepared by high-energy ball milling. in Science of Sintering. 2013;45(2):173-180.
doi:10.2298/SOS1302173C .

Ćosović, Vladan, Pavlović, Miroslav M., Cosovic, A., Vulić, Predrag, Premović, Milena, Živković, Dragana, Talijan, Nadežda M., "Microstructure refinement and physical properties of Ag-SnO2 based contact materials prepared by high-energy ball milling" in Science of Sintering, 45, no. 2 (2013):173-180,
https://doi.org/10.2298/SOS1302173C . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ćosović, Vladan
AU  - Ćosović, Aleksandar
AU  - Talijan, Nadežda M.
AU  - Živković, Dragana
AU  - Manasijević, Dragan
AU  - Minić, Duško
PY  - 2013
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1327
AB  - Considering that improvement in the performance of Ag-SnO2 electrical contact materials can be realized by an increase in metal oxide dispersion, the influence of SnO2 nanoparticles and method of their introduction in silver matrix on microstructure and physical properties such as density, porosity, hardness and electrical conductivity were studied. The SnO2 nanoparticles were introduced by conventional powder mixing and by template method using filter paper and soluble starch as templates. All investigated samples were produced by subsequent pressing, sintering of the obtained powder mixtures and composites followed by mechanical treatment. Microstructural analysis revealed that the Ag-SnO2 samples prepared by template method exhibit finer dispersion than their conventionally prepared counterpart. After sintering and forging those samples were found to have higher hardness, density and lower porosity. As a result of greater dispersion hardening, the highest value of hardness was measured for the sample prepared using soluble starch as a template. The measured values of electrical conductivity of all investigated samples are comp arable with conductivities of Ag-SnO2 electrical contact materials of this type.
PB  - Elsevier
T2  - Journal of Alloys and Compounds
T1  - Improving dispersion of SnO2 nanoparticles in Ag-SnO2 electrical contact materials using template method
VL  - 567
SP  - 33
EP  - 39
DO  - 10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.03.094
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Ćosović, Vladan and Ćosović, Aleksandar and Talijan, Nadežda M. and Živković, Dragana and Manasijević, Dragan and Minić, Duško",
year = "2013",
abstract = "Considering that improvement in the performance of Ag-SnO2 electrical contact materials can be realized by an increase in metal oxide dispersion, the influence of SnO2 nanoparticles and method of their introduction in silver matrix on microstructure and physical properties such as density, porosity, hardness and electrical conductivity were studied. The SnO2 nanoparticles were introduced by conventional powder mixing and by template method using filter paper and soluble starch as templates. All investigated samples were produced by subsequent pressing, sintering of the obtained powder mixtures and composites followed by mechanical treatment. Microstructural analysis revealed that the Ag-SnO2 samples prepared by template method exhibit finer dispersion than their conventionally prepared counterpart. After sintering and forging those samples were found to have higher hardness, density and lower porosity. As a result of greater dispersion hardening, the highest value of hardness was measured for the sample prepared using soluble starch as a template. The measured values of electrical conductivity of all investigated samples are comp arable with conductivities of Ag-SnO2 electrical contact materials of this type.",
publisher = "Elsevier",
journal = "Journal of Alloys and Compounds",
title = "Improving dispersion of SnO2 nanoparticles in Ag-SnO2 electrical contact materials using template method",
volume = "567",
pages = "33-39",
doi = "10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.03.094"
}

Ćosović, V., Ćosović, A., Talijan, N. M., Živković, D., Manasijević, D.,& Minić, D.. (2013). Improving dispersion of SnO2 nanoparticles in Ag-SnO2 electrical contact materials using template method. in Journal of Alloys and Compounds
Elsevier., 567, 33-39.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.03.094

Ćosović V, Ćosović A, Talijan NM, Živković D, Manasijević D, Minić D. Improving dispersion of SnO2 nanoparticles in Ag-SnO2 electrical contact materials using template method. in Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2013;567:33-39.
doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.03.094 .

Ćosović, Vladan, Ćosović, Aleksandar, Talijan, Nadežda M., Živković, Dragana, Manasijević, Dragan, Minić, Duško, "Improving dispersion of SnO2 nanoparticles in Ag-SnO2 electrical contact materials using template method" in Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 567 (2013):33-39,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.03.094 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Živković, Dragana
AU  - Ćosović, Vladan
AU  - Zivkovic, Z.
AU  - Strbac, N.
AU  - Sokic, M.
AU  - Talijan, Nadežda M.
AU  - Boyanov, B.
AU  - Mitovski, A.
PY  - 2013
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1321
AB  - The results of kinetic investigation of silver sulfide (Ag2S) phase transformations-monoclinic (alpha) to body-centered-cubic (beta) and body-centered-cubic to face-centered-cubic (gamma) crystal form - are presented in this paper. Measured data obtained by thermal analysis under non-isothermal conditions were used for kinetic analysis. The activation energy for investigated phase transformation process was determined according to the methods by Kissinger and Ozawa.
PB  - Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford
T2  - Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing
T1  - Kinetic investigation of silver sulfide phase transformations
VL  - 16
IS  - 1
SP  - 217
EP  - 220
DO  - 10.1016/j.mssp.2012.06.023
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Živković, Dragana and Ćosović, Vladan and Zivkovic, Z. and Strbac, N. and Sokic, M. and Talijan, Nadežda M. and Boyanov, B. and Mitovski, A.",
year = "2013",
abstract = "The results of kinetic investigation of silver sulfide (Ag2S) phase transformations-monoclinic (alpha) to body-centered-cubic (beta) and body-centered-cubic to face-centered-cubic (gamma) crystal form - are presented in this paper. Measured data obtained by thermal analysis under non-isothermal conditions were used for kinetic analysis. The activation energy for investigated phase transformation process was determined according to the methods by Kissinger and Ozawa.",
publisher = "Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford",
journal = "Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing",
title = "Kinetic investigation of silver sulfide phase transformations",
volume = "16",
number = "1",
pages = "217-220",
doi = "10.1016/j.mssp.2012.06.023"
}

Živković, D., Ćosović, V., Zivkovic, Z., Strbac, N., Sokic, M., Talijan, N. M., Boyanov, B.,& Mitovski, A.. (2013). Kinetic investigation of silver sulfide phase transformations. in Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing
Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford., 16(1), 217-220.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2012.06.023

Živković D, Ćosović V, Zivkovic Z, Strbac N, Sokic M, Talijan NM, Boyanov B, Mitovski A. Kinetic investigation of silver sulfide phase transformations. in Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing. 2013;16(1):217-220.
doi:10.1016/j.mssp.2012.06.023 .

Živković, Dragana, Ćosović, Vladan, Zivkovic, Z., Strbac, N., Sokic, M., Talijan, Nadežda M., Boyanov, B., Mitovski, A., "Kinetic investigation of silver sulfide phase transformations" in Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 16, no. 1 (2013):217-220,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2012.06.023 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Živković, Dragana
AU  - Sokic, M.
AU  - Zivkovic, Z.
AU  - Manasijević, Dragan
AU  - Balanović, Ljubiša
AU  - Strbac, N.
AU  - Ćosović, Vladan
AU  - Boyanov, B.
PY  - 2013
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1313
AB  - The results of thermal study and mechanism of the oxidation process of synthetic Ag2S in air are presented in this article based on the comparative analysis of DTA and XRD results, as well as by constructed phase stability diagrams (PSD) for the Ag-S-O system.
PB  - Springer, Dordrecht
T2  - Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry
T1  - Thermal study and mechanism of Ag2S oxidation in air
VL  - 111
IS  - 2
SP  - 1173
EP  - 1176
DO  - 10.1007/s10973-012-2300-z
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Živković, Dragana and Sokic, M. and Zivkovic, Z. and Manasijević, Dragan and Balanović, Ljubiša and Strbac, N. and Ćosović, Vladan and Boyanov, B.",
year = "2013",
abstract = "The results of thermal study and mechanism of the oxidation process of synthetic Ag2S in air are presented in this article based on the comparative analysis of DTA and XRD results, as well as by constructed phase stability diagrams (PSD) for the Ag-S-O system.",
publisher = "Springer, Dordrecht",
journal = "Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry",
title = "Thermal study and mechanism of Ag2S oxidation in air",
volume = "111",
number = "2",
pages = "1173-1176",
doi = "10.1007/s10973-012-2300-z"
}

Živković, D., Sokic, M., Zivkovic, Z., Manasijević, D., Balanović, L., Strbac, N., Ćosović, V.,& Boyanov, B.. (2013). Thermal study and mechanism of Ag2S oxidation in air. in Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry
Springer, Dordrecht., 111(2), 1173-1176.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-012-2300-z

Živković D, Sokic M, Zivkovic Z, Manasijević D, Balanović L, Strbac N, Ćosović V, Boyanov B. Thermal study and mechanism of Ag2S oxidation in air. in Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 2013;111(2):1173-1176.
doi:10.1007/s10973-012-2300-z .

Živković, Dragana, Sokic, M., Zivkovic, Z., Manasijević, Dragan, Balanović, Ljubiša, Strbac, N., Ćosović, Vladan, Boyanov, B., "Thermal study and mechanism of Ag2S oxidation in air" in Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 111, no. 2 (2013):1173-1176,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-012-2300-z . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cosovic, A.
AU  - Ćosović, Vladan
AU  - Žak, Tomas
AU  - David, B.
AU  - Talijan, Nadežda M.
PY  - 2013
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1244
AB  - Nanosize NiFe2O4 was prepared by template method and precipitation process using same starting materials. The use of soluble starch in both synthesis routes was investigated. The amount of the used precipitating agent (Na2CO3) for the precipitation approach was selected according to two adopted scenarios based on theoretical and average yield of possible side reaction expressed by the degree of substitution (DS). The results of SEM microstructural analysis of the prepared Ni-ferrite powders demonstrate evident influence of the applied preparation method whereas high-magnification FE-SEM images show very similar fine-grained structures characterized by different size of particles. According to the results of XRD analysis, the obtained ferrite powders exhibit only slight differences in phase composition with calculated crystallite size for template sample d(XRD) = 36 nm and for the both precipitation route samples d(XRD) = 21 nm. Additional sample characterization using Fe-57 Mossbauer spectroscopy supports the findings of the microstructural and XRD analysis. The "clearest" spectrum was obtained for the template sample while the strongest influence of nanocrystalline component was observed for the sample prepared with maximal amount of precipitation agent (DS=3). The room temperature magnetic hysteresis loops, recorded using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), are very similar and exhibit characteristic shape with values of magnetic properties within expected range for this type of material.
PB  - Technical Faculty, Bor
T2  - Journal of Mining and Metallurgy B: Metallurgy
T1  - STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF NANOSIZE NiFe2O4 PREPARED BY TEMPLATE AND PRECIPITATION METHODS
VL  - 49
IS  - 3
SP  - 271
EP  - 277
DO  - 10.2298/JMMB130313021C
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Cosovic, A. and Ćosović, Vladan and Žak, Tomas and David, B. and Talijan, Nadežda M.",
year = "2013",
abstract = "Nanosize NiFe2O4 was prepared by template method and precipitation process using same starting materials. The use of soluble starch in both synthesis routes was investigated. The amount of the used precipitating agent (Na2CO3) for the precipitation approach was selected according to two adopted scenarios based on theoretical and average yield of possible side reaction expressed by the degree of substitution (DS). The results of SEM microstructural analysis of the prepared Ni-ferrite powders demonstrate evident influence of the applied preparation method whereas high-magnification FE-SEM images show very similar fine-grained structures characterized by different size of particles. According to the results of XRD analysis, the obtained ferrite powders exhibit only slight differences in phase composition with calculated crystallite size for template sample d(XRD) = 36 nm and for the both precipitation route samples d(XRD) = 21 nm. Additional sample characterization using Fe-57 Mossbauer spectroscopy supports the findings of the microstructural and XRD analysis. The "clearest" spectrum was obtained for the template sample while the strongest influence of nanocrystalline component was observed for the sample prepared with maximal amount of precipitation agent (DS=3). The room temperature magnetic hysteresis loops, recorded using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), are very similar and exhibit characteristic shape with values of magnetic properties within expected range for this type of material.",
publisher = "Technical Faculty, Bor",
journal = "Journal of Mining and Metallurgy B: Metallurgy",
title = "STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF NANOSIZE NiFe2O4 PREPARED BY TEMPLATE AND PRECIPITATION METHODS",
volume = "49",
number = "3",
pages = "271-277",
doi = "10.2298/JMMB130313021C"
}

Cosovic, A., Ćosović, V., Žak, T., David, B.,& Talijan, N. M.. (2013). STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF NANOSIZE NiFe2O4 PREPARED BY TEMPLATE AND PRECIPITATION METHODS. in Journal of Mining and Metallurgy B: Metallurgy
Technical Faculty, Bor., 49(3), 271-277.
https://doi.org/10.2298/JMMB130313021C

Cosovic A, Ćosović V, Žak T, David B, Talijan NM. STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF NANOSIZE NiFe2O4 PREPARED BY TEMPLATE AND PRECIPITATION METHODS. in Journal of Mining and Metallurgy B: Metallurgy. 2013;49(3):271-277.
doi:10.2298/JMMB130313021C .

Cosovic, A., Ćosović, Vladan, Žak, Tomas, David, B., Talijan, Nadežda M., "STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF NANOSIZE NiFe2O4 PREPARED BY TEMPLATE AND PRECIPITATION METHODS" in Journal of Mining and Metallurgy B: Metallurgy, 49, no. 3 (2013):271-277,
https://doi.org/10.2298/JMMB130313021C . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Žak, Tomas
AU  - Ćosović, Vladan
AU  - Cosovic, A.
AU  - David, B.
AU  - Talijan, Nadežda M.
AU  - Živković, Dragana
PY  - 2012
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1069
AB  - Magnetic NiFe2O4 structure formation was studied through structural, compositional and magnetic characterization of obtained reaction products of a simple, high yielding and low-cost solid-state reaction. Initial annealing of the starting oxides mixture at 700 degrees C did not allow us to observe formation of the desired magnetic phase. In contrast, subsequent thermomagnetic measurements up to 800 degrees C indicated the considerable increase of the magnetic moment, which can be reasonably assigned to the changes in phase composition and formation of magnetic NiFe2O4 structure during the heating cycle of measurements. Nanosized NiFe2O4 phase formation has been confirmed by the following XRD and MS phase analyses and its nanocrystalline structure by XRD and SEM/TEM techniques. The obtained hysteresis loop taken after TM measurements suggest the increased volume of magnetically active material and thus additionally support the previous findings.
PB  - International Institute for the Science of Sintering, Beograd
T2  - Science of Sintering
T1  - Formation of Magnetic Microstructure of the Nanosized NiFe2O4 Synthesized Via Solid-State Reaction
VL  - 44
IS  - 1
SP  - 103
EP  - 112
DO  - 10.2298/SOS1201103Z
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Žak, Tomas and Ćosović, Vladan and Cosovic, A. and David, B. and Talijan, Nadežda M. and Živković, Dragana",
year = "2012",
abstract = "Magnetic NiFe2O4 structure formation was studied through structural, compositional and magnetic characterization of obtained reaction products of a simple, high yielding and low-cost solid-state reaction. Initial annealing of the starting oxides mixture at 700 degrees C did not allow us to observe formation of the desired magnetic phase. In contrast, subsequent thermomagnetic measurements up to 800 degrees C indicated the considerable increase of the magnetic moment, which can be reasonably assigned to the changes in phase composition and formation of magnetic NiFe2O4 structure during the heating cycle of measurements. Nanosized NiFe2O4 phase formation has been confirmed by the following XRD and MS phase analyses and its nanocrystalline structure by XRD and SEM/TEM techniques. The obtained hysteresis loop taken after TM measurements suggest the increased volume of magnetically active material and thus additionally support the previous findings.",
publisher = "International Institute for the Science of Sintering, Beograd",
journal = "Science of Sintering",
title = "Formation of Magnetic Microstructure of the Nanosized NiFe2O4 Synthesized Via Solid-State Reaction",
volume = "44",
number = "1",
pages = "103-112",
doi = "10.2298/SOS1201103Z"
}

Žak, T., Ćosović, V., Cosovic, A., David, B., Talijan, N. M.,& Živković, D.. (2012). Formation of Magnetic Microstructure of the Nanosized NiFe2O4 Synthesized Via Solid-State Reaction. in Science of Sintering
International Institute for the Science of Sintering, Beograd., 44(1), 103-112.
https://doi.org/10.2298/SOS1201103Z

Žak T, Ćosović V, Cosovic A, David B, Talijan NM, Živković D. Formation of Magnetic Microstructure of the Nanosized NiFe2O4 Synthesized Via Solid-State Reaction. in Science of Sintering. 2012;44(1):103-112.
doi:10.2298/SOS1201103Z .

Žak, Tomas, Ćosović, Vladan, Cosovic, A., David, B., Talijan, Nadežda M., Živković, Dragana, "Formation of Magnetic Microstructure of the Nanosized NiFe2O4 Synthesized Via Solid-State Reaction" in Science of Sintering, 44, no. 1 (2012):103-112,
https://doi.org/10.2298/SOS1201103Z . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ćosović, Vladan
AU  - Cosovic, A.
AU  - Talijan, Nadežda M.
AU  - Živković, Dragana
AU  - Zivkovic, Z.
PY  - 2012
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1068
AB  - The article surveys current state of the art and challenges in the development of the electrical contact materials in the light of the EU Directive on Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS). The focus was placed on widely used silver-cadmium alloys. According to this directive, as of July 1, 2006, use of six hazardous materials, including cadmium, are restricted for applicable electrical and electronic products intended for the EU market. In contrast, traditionally preferred material for production of electrical contacts is Ag-CdO, due to its outstanding functional properties. These conflicting interests result in present state where RoHS directive has not yet been implemented in its original form and has undergone numerous amendments and exceptions regarding the use of cadmium. Main reason for this seems to be the unrealistic time frame imposed by legislation. Although, significant effort has been put into research and development of alternative materials, there are still cases where adequate replacement materials had not been found. Therefore, importance of synchronicity between legislation and technological progress i.e. communication between legislative administration and industry and academia is brought to light as well as some common issues that may arise with an introduction of new replacement materials or product modification.
PB  - International Institute for the Science of Sintering, Beograd
T2  - Science of Sintering
T1  - State of the Art and Challenges in Development of Electrical Contact Materials in the Light of the RoHS Directive
VL  - 44
IS  - 2
SP  - 245
EP  - 253
DO  - 10.2298/SOS1202135C
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Ćosović, Vladan and Cosovic, A. and Talijan, Nadežda M. and Živković, Dragana and Zivkovic, Z.",
year = "2012",
abstract = "The article surveys current state of the art and challenges in the development of the electrical contact materials in the light of the EU Directive on Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS). The focus was placed on widely used silver-cadmium alloys. According to this directive, as of July 1, 2006, use of six hazardous materials, including cadmium, are restricted for applicable electrical and electronic products intended for the EU market. In contrast, traditionally preferred material for production of electrical contacts is Ag-CdO, due to its outstanding functional properties. These conflicting interests result in present state where RoHS directive has not yet been implemented in its original form and has undergone numerous amendments and exceptions regarding the use of cadmium. Main reason for this seems to be the unrealistic time frame imposed by legislation. Although, significant effort has been put into research and development of alternative materials, there are still cases where adequate replacement materials had not been found. Therefore, importance of synchronicity between legislation and technological progress i.e. communication between legislative administration and industry and academia is brought to light as well as some common issues that may arise with an introduction of new replacement materials or product modification.",
publisher = "International Institute for the Science of Sintering, Beograd",
journal = "Science of Sintering",
title = "State of the Art and Challenges in Development of Electrical Contact Materials in the Light of the RoHS Directive",
volume = "44",
number = "2",
pages = "245-253",
doi = "10.2298/SOS1202135C"
}

Ćosović, V., Cosovic, A., Talijan, N. M., Živković, D.,& Zivkovic, Z.. (2012). State of the Art and Challenges in Development of Electrical Contact Materials in the Light of the RoHS Directive. in Science of Sintering
International Institute for the Science of Sintering, Beograd., 44(2), 245-253.
https://doi.org/10.2298/SOS1202135C

Ćosović V, Cosovic A, Talijan NM, Živković D, Zivkovic Z. State of the Art and Challenges in Development of Electrical Contact Materials in the Light of the RoHS Directive. in Science of Sintering. 2012;44(2):245-253.
doi:10.2298/SOS1202135C .

Ćosović, Vladan, Cosovic, A., Talijan, Nadežda M., Živković, Dragana, Zivkovic, Z., "State of the Art and Challenges in Development of Electrical Contact Materials in the Light of the RoHS Directive" in Science of Sintering, 44, no. 2 (2012):245-253,
https://doi.org/10.2298/SOS1202135C . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Talijan, Nadežda M.
AU  - Ćosović, Vladan
AU  - Ćosović, Aleksandar R.
AU  - Živković, Dragana
PY  - 2012
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1003
AB  - The presented study gives a brief overview of the experimental results of investigations of different production technologies of silver-metal oxide electrical contact materials in relation: processing method - properties. The two most common routes of production, i.e. internal oxidation/ingot metallurgy and powder metallurgy are demonstrated on the example of Ag-CdO and Ag-ZnO materials. For illustration of alternative processing routes that provide higher dispersion of metal-oxide particles in silver matrix more environmentally friendly Ag-SnO2 contact materials are used. Processing of electrical contact materials by mechanical mixing of starting powders in high energy ball mill is presented. The obtained experimental results of application of different methods of introduction of SnO2 nanoparticles in the silver matrix such as conventional powder metallurgy mixing and template method are given and discussed in terms of their influence on microstructure and physical properties (density, hardness and electrical conductivity) of the prepared Ag-SnO2 electrical contact materials.
PB  - Association of Metallurgical Engineers of Serbia
T2  - Metallurgical and Materials Engineering
T1  - Processing and properties of silver-metal oxide electrical contact materials
VL  - 18
IS  - 4
SP  - 259
EP  - 272
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cer_1003
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Talijan, Nadežda M. and Ćosović, Vladan and Ćosović, Aleksandar R. and Živković, Dragana",
year = "2012",
abstract = "The presented study gives a brief overview of the experimental results of investigations of different production technologies of silver-metal oxide electrical contact materials in relation: processing method - properties. The two most common routes of production, i.e. internal oxidation/ingot metallurgy and powder metallurgy are demonstrated on the example of Ag-CdO and Ag-ZnO materials. For illustration of alternative processing routes that provide higher dispersion of metal-oxide particles in silver matrix more environmentally friendly Ag-SnO2 contact materials are used. Processing of electrical contact materials by mechanical mixing of starting powders in high energy ball mill is presented. The obtained experimental results of application of different methods of introduction of SnO2 nanoparticles in the silver matrix such as conventional powder metallurgy mixing and template method are given and discussed in terms of their influence on microstructure and physical properties (density, hardness and electrical conductivity) of the prepared Ag-SnO2 electrical contact materials.",
publisher = "Association of Metallurgical Engineers of Serbia",
journal = "Metallurgical and Materials Engineering",
title = "Processing and properties of silver-metal oxide electrical contact materials",
volume = "18",
number = "4",
pages = "259-272",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cer_1003"
}

Talijan, N. M., Ćosović, V., Ćosović, A. R.,& Živković, D.. (2012). Processing and properties of silver-metal oxide electrical contact materials. in Metallurgical and Materials Engineering
Association of Metallurgical Engineers of Serbia., 18(4), 259-272.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cer_1003

Talijan NM, Ćosović V, Ćosović AR, Živković D. Processing and properties of silver-metal oxide electrical contact materials. in Metallurgical and Materials Engineering. 2012;18(4):259-272.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cer_1003 .

Talijan, Nadežda M., Ćosović, Vladan, Ćosović, Aleksandar R., Živković, Dragana, "Processing and properties of silver-metal oxide electrical contact materials" in Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, 18, no. 4 (2012):259-272,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cer_1003 .