TY  - GEN
AU  - Salah Adeen Embirsh, Hifa
AU  - Vuksanović, Marija M.
AU  - Mladenović, Ivana O.
AU  - Knežević, Nataša
AU  - Milošević, Milena
AU  - Mijatov, Slavko
AU  - Jančić-Heinemann, Radmila
AU  - Marinković, Aleksandar
PY  - 2024
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/7601
AB  - Materials from green resources boast a low carbon footprint, forming the foundation of
 the circular economy approach in materials science. Thus, in this study, waste poly(ethylene
terephthalate) (PET) was subjected to depolymerization using propylene glycol (PG), and
subsequent polycondensation with bio-based maleic anhydride (MA) produced unsaturated
 polyester resin (b-UPR). Bio-derived acryloyl-modified Kraft lignin (KfL-A) served as a vinyl
 reactive filler in the b-UPR matrix to create b-UPR/KfL-A composites. The structural
characterization of KfL-A and b-UPR involved the use of FTIR and NMR techniques. The
 mechanical properties of the newly fabricated composites were assessed through tensile strength,
 Vickers microhardness, and dynamic mechanical tests. The addition of KfL-A to the rigid b-UPR
 matrix enhanced material flexibility, resulting in less stiff and hard materials while preserving
 composite toughness. For instance, incorporating 10 wt.% of KfL-A in b-UPR led to a 17%
 reduction in hardness, a 48% decrease in tensile strength, and a 20% reduction in toughness.
 Positive environmental impact was achieved by incorporation of 64 wt.% of renewable and
 recycled raw material. Analogously prepared b-UPR/KfL composites showed structural
 inhomogeneity and somewhat better mechanical properties. Transmission (TEM) and scanning
(SEM) electron microscopies revealed a suitable relationship between mechanical and structural
 properties of composites in relation to the extent of KfL-A addition. The UL94V flammability
 rating confirmed that flame resistance increased proportionally with the KfL-A addition. Once
 deposited in a landfill, these composites are expected to disintegrate more easily than PET, causing less harm to the environment and contributing to sustainability in the plastics cycle.
PB  - Elsevier
T2  - Chemosphere
T1  - Unsaturated polyester resin based composites: A case study of lignin valorisation
SP  - 142144
DO  - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142144.
ER  - 

@misc{
author = "Salah Adeen Embirsh, Hifa and Vuksanović, Marija M. and Mladenović, Ivana O. and Knežević, Nataša and Milošević, Milena and Mijatov, Slavko and Jančić-Heinemann, Radmila and Marinković, Aleksandar",
year = "2024",
abstract = "Materials from green resources boast a low carbon footprint, forming the foundation of
 the circular economy approach in materials science. Thus, in this study, waste poly(ethylene
terephthalate) (PET) was subjected to depolymerization using propylene glycol (PG), and
subsequent polycondensation with bio-based maleic anhydride (MA) produced unsaturated
 polyester resin (b-UPR). Bio-derived acryloyl-modified Kraft lignin (KfL-A) served as a vinyl
 reactive filler in the b-UPR matrix to create b-UPR/KfL-A composites. The structural
characterization of KfL-A and b-UPR involved the use of FTIR and NMR techniques. The
 mechanical properties of the newly fabricated composites were assessed through tensile strength,
 Vickers microhardness, and dynamic mechanical tests. The addition of KfL-A to the rigid b-UPR
 matrix enhanced material flexibility, resulting in less stiff and hard materials while preserving
 composite toughness. For instance, incorporating 10 wt.% of KfL-A in b-UPR led to a 17%
 reduction in hardness, a 48% decrease in tensile strength, and a 20% reduction in toughness.
 Positive environmental impact was achieved by incorporation of 64 wt.% of renewable and
 recycled raw material. Analogously prepared b-UPR/KfL composites showed structural
 inhomogeneity and somewhat better mechanical properties. Transmission (TEM) and scanning
(SEM) electron microscopies revealed a suitable relationship between mechanical and structural
 properties of composites in relation to the extent of KfL-A addition. The UL94V flammability
 rating confirmed that flame resistance increased proportionally with the KfL-A addition. Once
 deposited in a landfill, these composites are expected to disintegrate more easily than PET, causing less harm to the environment and contributing to sustainability in the plastics cycle.",
publisher = "Elsevier",
journal = "Chemosphere",
title = "Unsaturated polyester resin based composites: A case study of lignin valorisation",
pages = "142144",
doi = "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142144."
}

Salah Adeen Embirsh, H., Vuksanović, M. M., Mladenović, I. O., Knežević, N., Milošević, M., Mijatov, S., Jančić-Heinemann, R.,& Marinković, A.. (2024). Unsaturated polyester resin based composites: A case study of lignin valorisation. in Chemosphere
Elsevier., 142144.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142144.

Salah Adeen Embirsh H, Vuksanović MM, Mladenović IO, Knežević N, Milošević M, Mijatov S, Jančić-Heinemann R, Marinković A. Unsaturated polyester resin based composites: A case study of lignin valorisation. in Chemosphere. 2024;:142144.
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142144. .

Salah Adeen Embirsh, Hifa, Vuksanović, Marija M., Mladenović, Ivana O., Knežević, Nataša, Milošević, Milena, Mijatov, Slavko, Jančić-Heinemann, Radmila, Marinković, Aleksandar, "Unsaturated polyester resin based composites: A case study of lignin valorisation" in Chemosphere (2024):142144,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142144. . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Salah Adeen Embirsh, Hifa
AU  - Stajčić, Ivana
AU  - Gržetić, Jelena
AU  - Mladenović, Ivana O.
AU  - Anđelković, Boban
AU  - Marinković, Aleksandar
AU  - Vuksanović, Marija M.
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/6610
AB  - This paper presents sustainable technology for environmentally friendly composite production. Biobased unsaturated polyester resin (b-UPR), synthesized from waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) glycosylate and renewable origin maleic anhydride (MAnh) and propylene glycol
(PG), was reinforced with unmodified and vinyl-modified biosilica nanoparticles obtained from
rice husk. The structural and morphological properties of the obtained particles, b-UPR, as well as
composites, were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic
resonance spectroscopy (NMR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron
microscopy (TEM) techniques. The study of the influence of biosilica modification on the mechanical
properties of composites was supported by hardness modeling. Improvement of the tensile strength
of the b-UPR-based composite at 2.5 wt.% addition of biosilica modified with vinyl silane, named
“b-UPR/SiO2
-V” composite, has been achieved with 88% increase. The thermal aging process applied
to the b-UPR/SiO2
-V composite, which simulates use over the product’s lifetime, leads to the deterioration of composites that were used as fillers in commercial unsaturated polyester resin (c-UPR).
The grinded artificially aged b-UPR composites were used as filler in c-UPR for the production of a
table top layer with outstanding mechanical properties, i.e., impact resistance and microhardness, as
well as fire resistance rated in the V-0 category according to the UL-94 test. Developing sustainable
composites that are chemically synthesized from renewable sources is important from the aspect of
preserving the environment and existing resources as well as the extending their life cycle.
PB  - MDPI
T2  - Polymers
T1  - Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Biobased Unsaturated Polyester Resin Reinforced with Unmodified/Modified Biosilica Nanoparticles
VL  - 15
IS  - 18
SP  - 3756
DO  - 10.3390/polym15183756
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Salah Adeen Embirsh, Hifa and Stajčić, Ivana and Gržetić, Jelena and Mladenović, Ivana O. and Anđelković, Boban and Marinković, Aleksandar and Vuksanović, Marija M.",
year = "2023",
abstract = "This paper presents sustainable technology for environmentally friendly composite production. Biobased unsaturated polyester resin (b-UPR), synthesized from waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) glycosylate and renewable origin maleic anhydride (MAnh) and propylene glycol
(PG), was reinforced with unmodified and vinyl-modified biosilica nanoparticles obtained from
rice husk. The structural and morphological properties of the obtained particles, b-UPR, as well as
composites, were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic
resonance spectroscopy (NMR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron
microscopy (TEM) techniques. The study of the influence of biosilica modification on the mechanical
properties of composites was supported by hardness modeling. Improvement of the tensile strength
of the b-UPR-based composite at 2.5 wt.% addition of biosilica modified with vinyl silane, named
“b-UPR/SiO2
-V” composite, has been achieved with 88% increase. The thermal aging process applied
to the b-UPR/SiO2
-V composite, which simulates use over the product’s lifetime, leads to the deterioration of composites that were used as fillers in commercial unsaturated polyester resin (c-UPR).
The grinded artificially aged b-UPR composites were used as filler in c-UPR for the production of a
table top layer with outstanding mechanical properties, i.e., impact resistance and microhardness, as
well as fire resistance rated in the V-0 category according to the UL-94 test. Developing sustainable
composites that are chemically synthesized from renewable sources is important from the aspect of
preserving the environment and existing resources as well as the extending their life cycle.",
publisher = "MDPI",
journal = "Polymers",
title = "Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Biobased Unsaturated Polyester Resin Reinforced with Unmodified/Modified Biosilica Nanoparticles",
volume = "15",
number = "18",
pages = "3756",
doi = "10.3390/polym15183756"
}

Salah Adeen Embirsh, H., Stajčić, I., Gržetić, J., Mladenović, I. O., Anđelković, B., Marinković, A.,& Vuksanović, M. M.. (2023). Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Biobased Unsaturated Polyester Resin Reinforced with Unmodified/Modified Biosilica Nanoparticles. in Polymers
MDPI., 15(18), 3756.
https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15183756

Salah Adeen Embirsh H, Stajčić I, Gržetić J, Mladenović IO, Anđelković B, Marinković A, Vuksanović MM. Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Biobased Unsaturated Polyester Resin Reinforced with Unmodified/Modified Biosilica Nanoparticles. in Polymers. 2023;15(18):3756.
doi:10.3390/polym15183756 .

Salah Adeen Embirsh, Hifa, Stajčić, Ivana, Gržetić, Jelena, Mladenović, Ivana O., Anđelković, Boban, Marinković, Aleksandar, Vuksanović, Marija M., "Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Biobased Unsaturated Polyester Resin Reinforced with Unmodified/Modified Biosilica Nanoparticles" in Polymers, 15, no. 18 (2023):3756,
https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15183756 . .