TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sakan, Sanja
AU  - Mihajlidi-Zelić, Aleksandra
AU  - Ašković, Ksenija
AU  - Sakan, Nenad
AU  - Trifunović, Snežana
AU  - Đorđević, Dragana
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/6349
AB  - The optimized three-step sequential extraction procedure for the fractionation of micro- and macroelements, was conductedto determine fractional characteristics of PTEs (potentially toxic elements) in surface sediments of rivers in the Vlasinawatershed. The sequential extraction results, which enable the evaluation of mobility of the studied elements, have indicatedthat Zn, Ni, Cu, Cr, and As can be considered slightly mobile, whereas Pb, Mn, Cd, and Co were regarded as possibly mobileelements. Lead was dominantly bounded (specifcally adsorbed or co-precipitated) to iron and manganese oxides (up to 80%)and may be released by reduction. Since the content of the exchangeable fraction (F1) is an indicator for anthropogenic impacton the aquatic environment, a low percentage (0–8%) of studied toxic elements in this fraction indicated that these elementshave lithogenic origin in most sampling locations in the area of study. Except for Pb, the substantial positive correlationsbetween Al and other elements showed that studied elements came primarily from terrigenous sources. Although the valuesobtained for the risk assessment code (RAC) indicated a slightly increased mobility of some elements (up to 22.44%), thevalues of the modifed risk assessment code (mRAC), which include toxic efects on the environment, showed there is nodanger of pollution by studied elements (all values were<1%). Our recommendation is to use mRAC instead of RAC inecochemical studies and assessment of the degree of sediment and soil pollution, because mRAC includes toxic efects ofelements. Based on ATI values, river sediments show no toxic to a low toxic degree. Even though obtained results indicatethat there was no considerable risk for river water contamination, the ecological risk for Fe and Pb should be monitored inthe future.
PB  - Springer
T2  - Environmental Science and Pollution Research
T1  - The significance of applying different factors for the evaluation of sediment contamination by toxic elements and estimation of the ecological risk
VL  - 30
IS  - 18
SP  - 53461
EP  - 53477
DO  - 10.1007/s11356-023-26111-4
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Sakan, Sanja and Mihajlidi-Zelić, Aleksandra and Ašković, Ksenija and Sakan, Nenad and Trifunović, Snežana and Đorđević, Dragana",
year = "2023",
abstract = "The optimized three-step sequential extraction procedure for the fractionation of micro- and macroelements, was conductedto determine fractional characteristics of PTEs (potentially toxic elements) in surface sediments of rivers in the Vlasinawatershed. The sequential extraction results, which enable the evaluation of mobility of the studied elements, have indicatedthat Zn, Ni, Cu, Cr, and As can be considered slightly mobile, whereas Pb, Mn, Cd, and Co were regarded as possibly mobileelements. Lead was dominantly bounded (specifcally adsorbed or co-precipitated) to iron and manganese oxides (up to 80%)and may be released by reduction. Since the content of the exchangeable fraction (F1) is an indicator for anthropogenic impacton the aquatic environment, a low percentage (0–8%) of studied toxic elements in this fraction indicated that these elementshave lithogenic origin in most sampling locations in the area of study. Except for Pb, the substantial positive correlationsbetween Al and other elements showed that studied elements came primarily from terrigenous sources. Although the valuesobtained for the risk assessment code (RAC) indicated a slightly increased mobility of some elements (up to 22.44%), thevalues of the modifed risk assessment code (mRAC), which include toxic efects on the environment, showed there is nodanger of pollution by studied elements (all values were<1%). Our recommendation is to use mRAC instead of RAC inecochemical studies and assessment of the degree of sediment and soil pollution, because mRAC includes toxic efects ofelements. Based on ATI values, river sediments show no toxic to a low toxic degree. Even though obtained results indicatethat there was no considerable risk for river water contamination, the ecological risk for Fe and Pb should be monitored inthe future.",
publisher = "Springer",
journal = "Environmental Science and Pollution Research",
title = "The significance of applying different factors for the evaluation of sediment contamination by toxic elements and estimation of the ecological risk",
volume = "30",
number = "18",
pages = "53461-53477",
doi = "10.1007/s11356-023-26111-4"
}

Sakan, S., Mihajlidi-Zelić, A., Ašković, K., Sakan, N., Trifunović, S.,& Đorđević, D.. (2023). The significance of applying different factors for the evaluation of sediment contamination by toxic elements and estimation of the ecological risk. in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
Springer., 30(18), 53461-53477.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-26111-4

Sakan S, Mihajlidi-Zelić A, Ašković K, Sakan N, Trifunović S, Đorđević D. The significance of applying different factors for the evaluation of sediment contamination by toxic elements and estimation of the ecological risk. in Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2023;30(18):53461-53477.
doi:10.1007/s11356-023-26111-4 .

Sakan, Sanja, Mihajlidi-Zelić, Aleksandra, Ašković, Ksenija, Sakan, Nenad, Trifunović, Snežana, Đorđević, Dragana, "The significance of applying different factors for the evaluation of sediment contamination by toxic elements and estimation of the ecological risk" in Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30, no. 18 (2023):53461-53477,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-26111-4 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sakan, Sanja
AU  - Sakan, Nenad
AU  - Popović, Aleksandar R.
AU  - Škrivanj, Sandra
AU  - Đorđević, Dragana
PY  - 2019
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3107
AB  - The need for further research into potentially toxic elements in Serbian rivers led to an
investigation of distributions, sources, and ecological risks in a sample base of sediments from
15 rivers. The analyses were carried out through both experimental and theoretical methods.
Geochemical fractionation of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, As, V, and Zn in sediments was
studied using a sequential extraction procedure. Both a Håkanson risk index (RI) and a Monte Carlo
simulation (MCS) were used in order to estimate ecological risk, applying the probability distribution
of RI values instead of single-point calculations. In order to both further the development of the used
method and include additional processes, software for the simulations was developed instead of
using proprietary solutions. Metal fractionation showed high percentage recoveries of Cd, Cr, Co, Cu,
Fe, Ni, and V in residual fractions. The high content of Pb, Mn, and Zn in mobile fractions might
cause serious environmental concerns. In some localities, Cu and Cd could be problematic elements,
since their mobility was high. An environmental assessment based on the described criteria provided
risk levels varying from low to median (mainly contributed by Cd and Cu).
PB  - MDPI
T2  - Molecules
T1  - Geochemical Fractionation and Assessment of Probabilistic Ecological Risk of Potential Toxic Elements in Sediments Using Monte Carlo Simulations
VL  - 24
IS  - 11
SP  - 2145
DO  - 10.3390/molecules24112145
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Sakan, Sanja and Sakan, Nenad and Popović, Aleksandar R. and Škrivanj, Sandra and Đorđević, Dragana",
year = "2019",
abstract = "The need for further research into potentially toxic elements in Serbian rivers led to an
investigation of distributions, sources, and ecological risks in a sample base of sediments from
15 rivers. The analyses were carried out through both experimental and theoretical methods.
Geochemical fractionation of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, As, V, and Zn in sediments was
studied using a sequential extraction procedure. Both a Håkanson risk index (RI) and a Monte Carlo
simulation (MCS) were used in order to estimate ecological risk, applying the probability distribution
of RI values instead of single-point calculations. In order to both further the development of the used
method and include additional processes, software for the simulations was developed instead of
using proprietary solutions. Metal fractionation showed high percentage recoveries of Cd, Cr, Co, Cu,
Fe, Ni, and V in residual fractions. The high content of Pb, Mn, and Zn in mobile fractions might
cause serious environmental concerns. In some localities, Cu and Cd could be problematic elements,
since their mobility was high. An environmental assessment based on the described criteria provided
risk levels varying from low to median (mainly contributed by Cd and Cu).",
publisher = "MDPI",
journal = "Molecules",
title = "Geochemical Fractionation and Assessment of Probabilistic Ecological Risk of Potential Toxic Elements in Sediments Using Monte Carlo Simulations",
volume = "24",
number = "11",
pages = "2145",
doi = "10.3390/molecules24112145"
}

Sakan, S., Sakan, N., Popović, A. R., Škrivanj, S.,& Đorđević, D.. (2019). Geochemical Fractionation and Assessment of Probabilistic Ecological Risk of Potential Toxic Elements in Sediments Using Monte Carlo Simulations. in Molecules
MDPI., 24(11), 2145.
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24112145

Sakan S, Sakan N, Popović AR, Škrivanj S, Đorđević D. Geochemical Fractionation and Assessment of Probabilistic Ecological Risk of Potential Toxic Elements in Sediments Using Monte Carlo Simulations. in Molecules. 2019;24(11):2145.
doi:10.3390/molecules24112145 .

Sakan, Sanja, Sakan, Nenad, Popović, Aleksandar R., Škrivanj, Sandra, Đorđević, Dragana, "Geochemical Fractionation and Assessment of Probabilistic Ecological Risk of Potential Toxic Elements in Sediments Using Monte Carlo Simulations" in Molecules, 24, no. 11 (2019):2145,
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24112145 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sakan, Sanja
AU  - Sakan, Nenad
AU  - Anđelković, Ivan
AU  - Trifunović, Snežana
AU  - Đorđević, Dragana
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3031
AB  - This investigation examines surface sediment samples from rivers and artificial lakes (Serbia) to quantify levels of potentially harmful elements (As, Hg, and Se) and several ancillary elements (Al, Fe, Mn, Ca, Mg, C, H, N, and S). These data provide the first global analysis of Hg, As and Se levels in a well-studied system. Combination of different methods was applied for estimation of the environmental status of sediments and to determine the potential risk of ecological damage: digestion with aqua regia and determination of element content, determination of elements mobile forms by ammonium-acetate extraction, calculation of contamination indexes - index of geoaccumulation and enrichment factor, comparison with sediment quality guidelines and other literature data, and use of statistical methods. Results indicate that the sediments are slightly enriched with As and Hg, but not with Se. Fact that values for Se contents was less than the international threshold levels, suggesting the very probable absence of risk of contamination over the catchment with this element. The average pollution levels in Serbian river and artificial lakes expressed in terms of geoaccumulation indexes of As and Hg indicate that the environment is uncontaminated to moderately contaminated. All values of EF for Hg were below 2, indicating deficiency to minimal enrichment with Hg on studied localities. The EF values of As indicate deficiency to moderate enrichment (EF ranged from 0.11 to 3.54). According to the comparison to quality standard, the As in sediments of the studied area have potential risk. High content of arsenic in river and lake sediments indicate that arsenic pollution problem that lasts longer period of time.
PB  - Elsevier
T2  - Journal of Geochemical Exploration
T1  - Study of potential harmful elements (arsenic, mercury and selenium) in surface sediments from Serbian rivers and artificial lakes
VL  - 180
SP  - 24
EP  - 34
DO  - 10.1016/j.gexplo.2017.06.006
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Sakan, Sanja and Sakan, Nenad and Anđelković, Ivan and Trifunović, Snežana and Đorđević, Dragana",
year = "2017",
abstract = "This investigation examines surface sediment samples from rivers and artificial lakes (Serbia) to quantify levels of potentially harmful elements (As, Hg, and Se) and several ancillary elements (Al, Fe, Mn, Ca, Mg, C, H, N, and S). These data provide the first global analysis of Hg, As and Se levels in a well-studied system. Combination of different methods was applied for estimation of the environmental status of sediments and to determine the potential risk of ecological damage: digestion with aqua regia and determination of element content, determination of elements mobile forms by ammonium-acetate extraction, calculation of contamination indexes - index of geoaccumulation and enrichment factor, comparison with sediment quality guidelines and other literature data, and use of statistical methods. Results indicate that the sediments are slightly enriched with As and Hg, but not with Se. Fact that values for Se contents was less than the international threshold levels, suggesting the very probable absence of risk of contamination over the catchment with this element. The average pollution levels in Serbian river and artificial lakes expressed in terms of geoaccumulation indexes of As and Hg indicate that the environment is uncontaminated to moderately contaminated. All values of EF for Hg were below 2, indicating deficiency to minimal enrichment with Hg on studied localities. The EF values of As indicate deficiency to moderate enrichment (EF ranged from 0.11 to 3.54). According to the comparison to quality standard, the As in sediments of the studied area have potential risk. High content of arsenic in river and lake sediments indicate that arsenic pollution problem that lasts longer period of time.",
publisher = "Elsevier",
journal = "Journal of Geochemical Exploration",
title = "Study of potential harmful elements (arsenic, mercury and selenium) in surface sediments from Serbian rivers and artificial lakes",
volume = "180",
pages = "24-34",
doi = "10.1016/j.gexplo.2017.06.006"
}

Sakan, S., Sakan, N., Anđelković, I., Trifunović, S.,& Đorđević, D.. (2017). Study of potential harmful elements (arsenic, mercury and selenium) in surface sediments from Serbian rivers and artificial lakes. in Journal of Geochemical Exploration
Elsevier., 180, 24-34.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2017.06.006

Sakan S, Sakan N, Anđelković I, Trifunović S, Đorđević D. Study of potential harmful elements (arsenic, mercury and selenium) in surface sediments from Serbian rivers and artificial lakes. in Journal of Geochemical Exploration. 2017;180:24-34.
doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2017.06.006 .

Sakan, Sanja, Sakan, Nenad, Anđelković, Ivan, Trifunović, Snežana, Đorđević, Dragana, "Study of potential harmful elements (arsenic, mercury and selenium) in surface sediments from Serbian rivers and artificial lakes" in Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 180 (2017):24-34,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2017.06.006 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sakan, Sanja
AU  - Sakan, Nenad
AU  - Anđelković, Ivan
AU  - Trifunović, Snežana
AU  - Đorđević, Dragana
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2145
AB  - This investigation examines surface sediment samples from rivers and artificial lakes (Serbia) to quantify levels of potentially harmful elements (As, Hg, and Se) and several ancillary elements (Al, Fe, Mn, Ca, Mg, C, H, N, and S). These data provide the first global analysis of Hg, As and Se levels in a well-studied system. Combination of different methods was applied for estimation of the environmental status of sediments and to determine the potential risk of ecological damage: digestion with aqua regia and determination of element content, determination of elements mobile forms by ammonium-acetate extraction, calculation of contamination indexes - index of geoaccumulation and enrichment factor, comparison with sediment quality guidelines and other literature data, and use of statistical methods. Results indicate that the sediments are slightly enriched with As and Hg, but not with Se. Fact that values for Se contents was less than the international threshold levels, suggesting the very probable absence of risk of contamination over the catchment with this element. The average pollution levels in Serbian river and artificial lakes expressed in terms of geoaccumulation indexes of As and Hg indicate that the environment is uncontaminated to moderately contaminated. All values of EF for Hg were below 2, indicating deficiency to minimal enrichment with Hg on studied localities. The EF values of As indicate deficiency to moderate enrichment (EF ranged from 0.11 to 3.54). According to the comparison to quality standard, the As in sediments of the studied area have potential risk. High content of arsenic in river and lake sediments indicate that arsenic pollution problem that lasts longer period of time.
PB  - Elsevier
T2  - Journal of Geochemical Exploration
T1  - Study of potential harmful elements (arsenic, mercury and selenium) in surface sediments from Serbian rivers and artificial lakes
VL  - 180
SP  - 24
EP  - 34
DO  - 10.1016/j.gexplo.2017.06.006
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Sakan, Sanja and Sakan, Nenad and Anđelković, Ivan and Trifunović, Snežana and Đorđević, Dragana",
year = "2017",
abstract = "This investigation examines surface sediment samples from rivers and artificial lakes (Serbia) to quantify levels of potentially harmful elements (As, Hg, and Se) and several ancillary elements (Al, Fe, Mn, Ca, Mg, C, H, N, and S). These data provide the first global analysis of Hg, As and Se levels in a well-studied system. Combination of different methods was applied for estimation of the environmental status of sediments and to determine the potential risk of ecological damage: digestion with aqua regia and determination of element content, determination of elements mobile forms by ammonium-acetate extraction, calculation of contamination indexes - index of geoaccumulation and enrichment factor, comparison with sediment quality guidelines and other literature data, and use of statistical methods. Results indicate that the sediments are slightly enriched with As and Hg, but not with Se. Fact that values for Se contents was less than the international threshold levels, suggesting the very probable absence of risk of contamination over the catchment with this element. The average pollution levels in Serbian river and artificial lakes expressed in terms of geoaccumulation indexes of As and Hg indicate that the environment is uncontaminated to moderately contaminated. All values of EF for Hg were below 2, indicating deficiency to minimal enrichment with Hg on studied localities. The EF values of As indicate deficiency to moderate enrichment (EF ranged from 0.11 to 3.54). According to the comparison to quality standard, the As in sediments of the studied area have potential risk. High content of arsenic in river and lake sediments indicate that arsenic pollution problem that lasts longer period of time.",
publisher = "Elsevier",
journal = "Journal of Geochemical Exploration",
title = "Study of potential harmful elements (arsenic, mercury and selenium) in surface sediments from Serbian rivers and artificial lakes",
volume = "180",
pages = "24-34",
doi = "10.1016/j.gexplo.2017.06.006"
}

Sakan, S., Sakan, N., Anđelković, I., Trifunović, S.,& Đorđević, D.. (2017). Study of potential harmful elements (arsenic, mercury and selenium) in surface sediments from Serbian rivers and artificial lakes. in Journal of Geochemical Exploration
Elsevier., 180, 24-34.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2017.06.006

Sakan S, Sakan N, Anđelković I, Trifunović S, Đorđević D. Study of potential harmful elements (arsenic, mercury and selenium) in surface sediments from Serbian rivers and artificial lakes. in Journal of Geochemical Exploration. 2017;180:24-34.
doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2017.06.006 .

Sakan, Sanja, Sakan, Nenad, Anđelković, Ivan, Trifunović, Snežana, Đorđević, Dragana, "Study of potential harmful elements (arsenic, mercury and selenium) in surface sediments from Serbian rivers and artificial lakes" in Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 180 (2017):24-34,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2017.06.006 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sakan, Sanja
AU  - Popović, Aleksandar R.
AU  - Škrivanj, Sandra
AU  - Sakan, Nenad
AU  - Đorđević, Dragana
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1888
AB  - Metals in sediments are present in different chemical forms which affect their ability to transfer. The objective of this body of work was to compare different extraction methods for the bioavailability evaluation of some elements, such as Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn from Serbian river sediments. A bioavailability risk assessment index (BRAI) was used for the quantification of heavy metal bioavailability in the sediments. Actual and potential element availability was assessed by single extractions with mild (CaCl2 and CH3COONH4) and acidic (CH3COOH) extractants and complexing agents (EDTA). Aqua regia extraction was used for the determination of the pseudo-total element content in river sediments. In different single extraction tests, higher extraction of Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb was observed than for the other elements. The results of the single extraction tests revealed that there is a considerable chance of metal leaching from the sediments assessed in this study. When the BRAI was applied, the results showed a high risk of heavy metal bioavailability in Serbian river sediments.
PB  - Springer Heidelberg, Heidelberg
T2  - Environmental Science and Pollution Research
T1  - Comparison of single extraction procedures and the application of an index for the assessment of heavy metal bioavailability in river sediments
VL  - 23
IS  - 21
SP  - 21485
EP  - 21500
DO  - 10.1007/s11356-016-7341-6
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Sakan, Sanja and Popović, Aleksandar R. and Škrivanj, Sandra and Sakan, Nenad and Đorđević, Dragana",
year = "2016",
abstract = "Metals in sediments are present in different chemical forms which affect their ability to transfer. The objective of this body of work was to compare different extraction methods for the bioavailability evaluation of some elements, such as Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn from Serbian river sediments. A bioavailability risk assessment index (BRAI) was used for the quantification of heavy metal bioavailability in the sediments. Actual and potential element availability was assessed by single extractions with mild (CaCl2 and CH3COONH4) and acidic (CH3COOH) extractants and complexing agents (EDTA). Aqua regia extraction was used for the determination of the pseudo-total element content in river sediments. In different single extraction tests, higher extraction of Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb was observed than for the other elements. The results of the single extraction tests revealed that there is a considerable chance of metal leaching from the sediments assessed in this study. When the BRAI was applied, the results showed a high risk of heavy metal bioavailability in Serbian river sediments.",
publisher = "Springer Heidelberg, Heidelberg",
journal = "Environmental Science and Pollution Research",
title = "Comparison of single extraction procedures and the application of an index for the assessment of heavy metal bioavailability in river sediments",
volume = "23",
number = "21",
pages = "21485-21500",
doi = "10.1007/s11356-016-7341-6"
}

Sakan, S., Popović, A. R., Škrivanj, S., Sakan, N.,& Đorđević, D.. (2016). Comparison of single extraction procedures and the application of an index for the assessment of heavy metal bioavailability in river sediments. in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
Springer Heidelberg, Heidelberg., 23(21), 21485-21500.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7341-6

Sakan S, Popović AR, Škrivanj S, Sakan N, Đorđević D. Comparison of single extraction procedures and the application of an index for the assessment of heavy metal bioavailability in river sediments. in Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2016;23(21):21485-21500.
doi:10.1007/s11356-016-7341-6 .

Sakan, Sanja, Popović, Aleksandar R., Škrivanj, Sandra, Sakan, Nenad, Đorđević, Dragana, "Comparison of single extraction procedures and the application of an index for the assessment of heavy metal bioavailability in river sediments" in Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23, no. 21 (2016):21485-21500,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7341-6 . .

TY  - CHAP
AU  - Sakan, Sanja
AU  - Sakan, Nenad
AU  - Đorđević, Dragana
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1836
AB  - Geochemical normalization with conservative elements has been effectively used for assessing the enrichment of metal pollutants and distinguishing their natural and anthropogenic sources. Without correcting for textural and mineralogical variability, a comparison of heavy metal data with regional background is complicated because of large variablity due to irregular grain size and sediment composition. The normalization with cobalt in the enrichment factor calculation presents a new approach in detection of anthropogenic elements in sediments. In present study, the heavy metal concentrations (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Cr, Ni, Pb, V and Zn) were determined in the river sediments of 35 rivers in Serbia. The enrichment factor (EF) was used to estimate the anthropogenic heavy metals input as well as to make a quantification of the metal enrichment degree. Different research sources recommend the use of Fe, Li, Al and Si as conservative elements. Within the scope of this research the cobalt was selected as the element for the normalization. It was observed that the cobalt concentration is not higher than the regional background concentration, which is similar to the average concentration of this element in the continental crust. The positive correlation between Cd, Cr, Fe, Ni, Pb, V, Mn and Zn with Co suggests that it could therefore be a suitable normalizing element in EF calculations for the studied river sediments. The anthropogenic influence of heavy metal pollution could be traced by the use of such EF values, and the values for the studied river systems are presented.
PB  - Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
T2  - Advances in Chemistry Research
T1  - Evaluation of the possibility of using normalization with cobalt in detection of anthropogenic heavy metals in sediments
VL  - 26
SP  - 167
EP  - 183
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cer_1836
ER  - 

@inbook{
author = "Sakan, Sanja and Sakan, Nenad and Đorđević, Dragana",
year = "2015",
abstract = "Geochemical normalization with conservative elements has been effectively used for assessing the enrichment of metal pollutants and distinguishing their natural and anthropogenic sources. Without correcting for textural and mineralogical variability, a comparison of heavy metal data with regional background is complicated because of large variablity due to irregular grain size and sediment composition. The normalization with cobalt in the enrichment factor calculation presents a new approach in detection of anthropogenic elements in sediments. In present study, the heavy metal concentrations (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Cr, Ni, Pb, V and Zn) were determined in the river sediments of 35 rivers in Serbia. The enrichment factor (EF) was used to estimate the anthropogenic heavy metals input as well as to make a quantification of the metal enrichment degree. Different research sources recommend the use of Fe, Li, Al and Si as conservative elements. Within the scope of this research the cobalt was selected as the element for the normalization. It was observed that the cobalt concentration is not higher than the regional background concentration, which is similar to the average concentration of this element in the continental crust. The positive correlation between Cd, Cr, Fe, Ni, Pb, V, Mn and Zn with Co suggests that it could therefore be a suitable normalizing element in EF calculations for the studied river sediments. The anthropogenic influence of heavy metal pollution could be traced by the use of such EF values, and the values for the studied river systems are presented.",
publisher = "Nova Science Publishers, Inc.",
journal = "Advances in Chemistry Research",
booktitle = "Evaluation of the possibility of using normalization with cobalt in detection of anthropogenic heavy metals in sediments",
volume = "26",
pages = "167-183",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cer_1836"
}

Sakan, S., Sakan, N.,& Đorđević, D.. (2015). Evaluation of the possibility of using normalization with cobalt in detection of anthropogenic heavy metals in sediments. in Advances in Chemistry Research
Nova Science Publishers, Inc.., 26, 167-183.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cer_1836

Sakan S, Sakan N, Đorđević D. Evaluation of the possibility of using normalization with cobalt in detection of anthropogenic heavy metals in sediments. in Advances in Chemistry Research. 2015;26:167-183.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cer_1836 .

Sakan, Sanja, Sakan, Nenad, Đorđević, Dragana, "Evaluation of the possibility of using normalization with cobalt in detection of anthropogenic heavy metals in sediments" in Advances in Chemistry Research, 26 (2015):167-183,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cer_1836 .

TY  - CHAP
AU  - Sakan, Sanja
AU  - Sakan, Nenad
AU  - Đorđević, Dragana
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1834
AB  - The presented study was carried out in order to evaluate risk assessment of selected heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Mn, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, Co and V) in river sediments in Serbia. The purpose of this chapter is to describe a new approach in ecological geochemistry assessment of heavy metal pollution using different pollution indices for estimation the anthropogenic input of elements, quantifying the degree of metal enriched in sediments, assessment the pollution status of the area and estimation of the potential acute toxicity of studied contaminants. Concentrations of heavy metals were determined at 35 river sediments. The metal concentrations (in mg kg-1) ranged: Mn, 648-3688; Cd, 1.28-10.5; Co, 8.22-36.2; Cr, 59.8-230; Ni, 33.2-274; Pb, 57.8-318; V, 60.4-149; Zn, 66.6-1095, and Cu, 11.5-870. Pollution indices were calculated separately for all sampling sites, to evaluate the extent of metal enrichment at each site. Based on calculated indices, the studied river sediments were found to be significantly contaminated by Cd, Cu and Zn. The most contaminated river systems in Serbia are the Ibar, Pek, and West Morava.
PB  - Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
T2  - Advances in Environmental Research
T1  - Pollution characteristics and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in river sediments based on calculation of pollution indices
VL  - 41
SP  - 63
EP  - 84
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cer_1834
ER  - 

@inbook{
author = "Sakan, Sanja and Sakan, Nenad and Đorđević, Dragana",
year = "2015",
abstract = "The presented study was carried out in order to evaluate risk assessment of selected heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Mn, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, Co and V) in river sediments in Serbia. The purpose of this chapter is to describe a new approach in ecological geochemistry assessment of heavy metal pollution using different pollution indices for estimation the anthropogenic input of elements, quantifying the degree of metal enriched in sediments, assessment the pollution status of the area and estimation of the potential acute toxicity of studied contaminants. Concentrations of heavy metals were determined at 35 river sediments. The metal concentrations (in mg kg-1) ranged: Mn, 648-3688; Cd, 1.28-10.5; Co, 8.22-36.2; Cr, 59.8-230; Ni, 33.2-274; Pb, 57.8-318; V, 60.4-149; Zn, 66.6-1095, and Cu, 11.5-870. Pollution indices were calculated separately for all sampling sites, to evaluate the extent of metal enrichment at each site. Based on calculated indices, the studied river sediments were found to be significantly contaminated by Cd, Cu and Zn. The most contaminated river systems in Serbia are the Ibar, Pek, and West Morava.",
publisher = "Nova Science Publishers, Inc.",
journal = "Advances in Environmental Research",
booktitle = "Pollution characteristics and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in river sediments based on calculation of pollution indices",
volume = "41",
pages = "63-84",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cer_1834"
}

Sakan, S., Sakan, N.,& Đorđević, D.. (2015). Pollution characteristics and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in river sediments based on calculation of pollution indices. in Advances in Environmental Research
Nova Science Publishers, Inc.., 41, 63-84.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cer_1834

Sakan S, Sakan N, Đorđević D. Pollution characteristics and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in river sediments based on calculation of pollution indices. in Advances in Environmental Research. 2015;41:63-84.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cer_1834 .

Sakan, Sanja, Sakan, Nenad, Đorđević, Dragana, "Pollution characteristics and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in river sediments based on calculation of pollution indices" in Advances in Environmental Research, 41 (2015):63-84,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cer_1834 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sakan, Sanja
AU  - Dević, Gordana
AU  - Relić, Dubravka
AU  - Anđelković, Ivan
AU  - Sakan, Nenad
AU  - Đorđević, Dragana
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1810
AB  - To effectively manage potential environmental and human health impacts of contaminated river sediments, it is important that information about the source (anthropogenic vs geogenic), variability and environmental risks associated with the contamination are well understood. The present study was carried out to assess the source and severity of contamination and to undertake a risk assessment for selected elements (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn) in river sediments in Serbia. The estimate of the anthropogenic component of contamination was derived by determining the total element content and the background values for elements in sediments, and the severity of pollution was assessed by calculating a number of pollution indices including the contamination factor, the enrichment factor, the index of geoaccumulation, the ecological risk factor, the potential ecological risk index, the pollution load index, the combined pollution index, the modified degree of contamination and the toxic unit factor. This analysis indicates that river sediments in Serbia are primarily polluted with Zn, Cu and Cd. The most contaminated river systems are the Ibar, Pek, West Morava and Great Morava rivers. Mining activities were found to have a significant influence on sediment. Multivariate analyses suggested anthropogenic origins for Pb, Zn, Cd, As, Ni and Cu, whilst Fe, V, Mn, Co and Cr appear to have a mixed origin (both lithogenic and anthropogenic sources). A geochemical approach, with a calculation of pollution indices and statistical methods, is recognised as useful for the risk management of trace elements in sediments around the world.
PB  - Springer, New York
T2  - Environmental Earth Sciences
T1  - Risk assessment of trace element contamination in river sediments in Serbia using pollution indices and statistical methods: a pilot study
VL  - 73
IS  - 10
SP  - 6625
EP  - 6638
DO  - 10.1007/s12665-014-3886-1
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Sakan, Sanja and Dević, Gordana and Relić, Dubravka and Anđelković, Ivan and Sakan, Nenad and Đorđević, Dragana",
year = "2015",
abstract = "To effectively manage potential environmental and human health impacts of contaminated river sediments, it is important that information about the source (anthropogenic vs geogenic), variability and environmental risks associated with the contamination are well understood. The present study was carried out to assess the source and severity of contamination and to undertake a risk assessment for selected elements (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn) in river sediments in Serbia. The estimate of the anthropogenic component of contamination was derived by determining the total element content and the background values for elements in sediments, and the severity of pollution was assessed by calculating a number of pollution indices including the contamination factor, the enrichment factor, the index of geoaccumulation, the ecological risk factor, the potential ecological risk index, the pollution load index, the combined pollution index, the modified degree of contamination and the toxic unit factor. This analysis indicates that river sediments in Serbia are primarily polluted with Zn, Cu and Cd. The most contaminated river systems are the Ibar, Pek, West Morava and Great Morava rivers. Mining activities were found to have a significant influence on sediment. Multivariate analyses suggested anthropogenic origins for Pb, Zn, Cd, As, Ni and Cu, whilst Fe, V, Mn, Co and Cr appear to have a mixed origin (both lithogenic and anthropogenic sources). A geochemical approach, with a calculation of pollution indices and statistical methods, is recognised as useful for the risk management of trace elements in sediments around the world.",
publisher = "Springer, New York",
journal = "Environmental Earth Sciences",
title = "Risk assessment of trace element contamination in river sediments in Serbia using pollution indices and statistical methods: a pilot study",
volume = "73",
number = "10",
pages = "6625-6638",
doi = "10.1007/s12665-014-3886-1"
}

Sakan, S., Dević, G., Relić, D., Anđelković, I., Sakan, N.,& Đorđević, D.. (2015). Risk assessment of trace element contamination in river sediments in Serbia using pollution indices and statistical methods: a pilot study. in Environmental Earth Sciences
Springer, New York., 73(10), 6625-6638.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3886-1

Sakan S, Dević G, Relić D, Anđelković I, Sakan N, Đorđević D. Risk assessment of trace element contamination in river sediments in Serbia using pollution indices and statistical methods: a pilot study. in Environmental Earth Sciences. 2015;73(10):6625-6638.
doi:10.1007/s12665-014-3886-1 .

Sakan, Sanja, Dević, Gordana, Relić, Dubravka, Anđelković, Ivan, Sakan, Nenad, Đorđević, Dragana, "Risk assessment of trace element contamination in river sediments in Serbia using pollution indices and statistical methods: a pilot study" in Environmental Earth Sciences, 73, no. 10 (2015):6625-6638,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3886-1 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sakan, Sanja
AU  - Dević, Gordana
AU  - Relić, Dubravka
AU  - Anđelković, Ivan
AU  - Sakan, Nenad
AU  - Đorđević, Dragana
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1757
AB  - In the present study, concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Co, Mn, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were determined at 35 river sediments in Serbia. The anthropogenic heavy metals input and quantification of the metal enrichment degree in sediments were estimated by calculating geo-accumulation indices (I-geo) and enrichment factors (EF). These pollution indices have been calculated using different background values (continental crust and local background values) and different element used for normalization (Al and Fe), followed by result comparison. The EF values calculated with continental crust as background (minor to extremely severe enrichment) were higher than when regional background values were used (minor to moderate enrichment). Significant influence of background values on the I-geo values is observed. Values of geo-accumulation index ( LT 2) revealed that studied river sediments are remaining unpolluted to moderately polluted with Co, Mn, Cr, and Ni. Significant pollution in the sediments was observed for Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn elements. The results of this study confirm the relevance of precise and accurate determining of local background concentrations while assessing sediment pollution. The values of EFs for studied elements were more influenced by the choice of background values than selection of element used for normalization. Our recommendation would be to use the local and regional background content in quantification of metal contamination in sediments, since these values differ and are site and region dependent.
PB  - Springer, Dordrecht
T2  - Environmental Geochemistry and Health
T1  - Evaluation of sediment contamination with heavy metals: the importance of determining appropriate background content and suitable element for normalization
VL  - 37
IS  - 1
SP  - 97
EP  - 113
DO  - 10.1007/s10653-014-9633-4
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Sakan, Sanja and Dević, Gordana and Relić, Dubravka and Anđelković, Ivan and Sakan, Nenad and Đorđević, Dragana",
year = "2015",
abstract = "In the present study, concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Co, Mn, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were determined at 35 river sediments in Serbia. The anthropogenic heavy metals input and quantification of the metal enrichment degree in sediments were estimated by calculating geo-accumulation indices (I-geo) and enrichment factors (EF). These pollution indices have been calculated using different background values (continental crust and local background values) and different element used for normalization (Al and Fe), followed by result comparison. The EF values calculated with continental crust as background (minor to extremely severe enrichment) were higher than when regional background values were used (minor to moderate enrichment). Significant influence of background values on the I-geo values is observed. Values of geo-accumulation index ( LT 2) revealed that studied river sediments are remaining unpolluted to moderately polluted with Co, Mn, Cr, and Ni. Significant pollution in the sediments was observed for Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn elements. The results of this study confirm the relevance of precise and accurate determining of local background concentrations while assessing sediment pollution. The values of EFs for studied elements were more influenced by the choice of background values than selection of element used for normalization. Our recommendation would be to use the local and regional background content in quantification of metal contamination in sediments, since these values differ and are site and region dependent.",
publisher = "Springer, Dordrecht",
journal = "Environmental Geochemistry and Health",
title = "Evaluation of sediment contamination with heavy metals: the importance of determining appropriate background content and suitable element for normalization",
volume = "37",
number = "1",
pages = "97-113",
doi = "10.1007/s10653-014-9633-4"
}

Sakan, S., Dević, G., Relić, D., Anđelković, I., Sakan, N.,& Đorđević, D.. (2015). Evaluation of sediment contamination with heavy metals: the importance of determining appropriate background content and suitable element for normalization. in Environmental Geochemistry and Health
Springer, Dordrecht., 37(1), 97-113.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-014-9633-4

Sakan S, Dević G, Relić D, Anđelković I, Sakan N, Đorđević D. Evaluation of sediment contamination with heavy metals: the importance of determining appropriate background content and suitable element for normalization. in Environmental Geochemistry and Health. 2015;37(1):97-113.
doi:10.1007/s10653-014-9633-4 .

Sakan, Sanja, Dević, Gordana, Relić, Dubravka, Anđelković, Ivan, Sakan, Nenad, Đorđević, Dragana, "Evaluation of sediment contamination with heavy metals: the importance of determining appropriate background content and suitable element for normalization" in Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 37, no. 1 (2015):97-113,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-014-9633-4 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sakan, Sanja
AU  - Dević, Gordana
AU  - Relić, Dubravka
AU  - Anđelković, Ivan
AU  - Sakan, Nenad
AU  - Đorđević, Dragana
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1651
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate sediment heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Co, Mn, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn) related to pollution in freshwater sediments in Serbia. The heavy metal enrichment determination in studied sediments was conducted by using total metal content with strong acidic digestion (HCl + HNO3 + HF), a calculated enrichment factor (EF), and application of correlation analysis and the box plot method. For identification of appropriate elemental normalisers for enrichment factor calculations, Fe, Al, Ti and Si were used. The significant variation in heavy metal distribution among samples collected in this large region, encompassing all Serbian watersheds, suggests the selective contamination of sediments by heavy metals. Values for EF indicate nil to moderate enrichment for most studied elements, except for Cd, Cu, and Zn at some sampling points, where the enrichment was, in some cases, even severe. The high content of heavy metals and EFs in Serbia is related to the human activities around the sampling sites. The results indicate that all elements used for normalisation in this paper can also be used to estimate the anthropogenic influence, with an exception of Co, which should be considered as an element for normalisation in future studies.
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken
T2  - Clean-Soil Air Water
T1  - Environmental Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Freshwater Sediment, Serbia
VL  - 43
IS  - 6
SP  - 838
EP  - 845
DO  - 10.1002/clen.201400275
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Sakan, Sanja and Dević, Gordana and Relić, Dubravka and Anđelković, Ivan and Sakan, Nenad and Đorđević, Dragana",
year = "2015",
abstract = "The purpose of this study was to evaluate sediment heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Co, Mn, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn) related to pollution in freshwater sediments in Serbia. The heavy metal enrichment determination in studied sediments was conducted by using total metal content with strong acidic digestion (HCl + HNO3 + HF), a calculated enrichment factor (EF), and application of correlation analysis and the box plot method. For identification of appropriate elemental normalisers for enrichment factor calculations, Fe, Al, Ti and Si were used. The significant variation in heavy metal distribution among samples collected in this large region, encompassing all Serbian watersheds, suggests the selective contamination of sediments by heavy metals. Values for EF indicate nil to moderate enrichment for most studied elements, except for Cd, Cu, and Zn at some sampling points, where the enrichment was, in some cases, even severe. The high content of heavy metals and EFs in Serbia is related to the human activities around the sampling sites. The results indicate that all elements used for normalisation in this paper can also be used to estimate the anthropogenic influence, with an exception of Co, which should be considered as an element for normalisation in future studies.",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken",
journal = "Clean-Soil Air Water",
title = "Environmental Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Freshwater Sediment, Serbia",
volume = "43",
number = "6",
pages = "838-845",
doi = "10.1002/clen.201400275"
}

Sakan, S., Dević, G., Relić, D., Anđelković, I., Sakan, N.,& Đorđević, D.. (2015). Environmental Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Freshwater Sediment, Serbia. in Clean-Soil Air Water
Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken., 43(6), 838-845.
https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.201400275

Sakan S, Dević G, Relić D, Anđelković I, Sakan N, Đorđević D. Environmental Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Freshwater Sediment, Serbia. in Clean-Soil Air Water. 2015;43(6):838-845.
doi:10.1002/clen.201400275 .

Sakan, Sanja, Dević, Gordana, Relić, Dubravka, Anđelković, Ivan, Sakan, Nenad, Đorđević, Dragana, "Environmental Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Freshwater Sediment, Serbia" in Clean-Soil Air Water, 43, no. 6 (2015):838-845,
https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.201400275 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sakan, Sanja
AU  - Sakan, Nenad
AU  - Đorđević, Dragana
PY  - 2013
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1342
AB  - The contaminated sediment serves as a long-term source of toxic elements, since that mobility and transport in the environment of these elements are strongly influenced to associated solid phase. In this study, the modified Tessier sequential extraction procedure was applied for the fractionation of Cd, As, Hg, Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb, Ni and V in the sediments (Tisa River and canal sediments - Danube alluvial formation), to obtain an overall classification of trace element pollution in these areas through its spatial distribution. Investigations of this region are important due to the widespread occurrence of metal mining activities throughout the Tisa and Danube drainage basins and possibilities of contamination with toxic elements at studies localities. Five steps of the sequential extraction procedure partitioned elements into CH3COONH4 extractable (F1), NH2OH center dot HC carbonate extractable and easily reducible (F2), H2C2O4/(NH4)2C2O4 moderately reducible (F3), H2O2-HNO3 organic extractable (F4), and HCl acid soluble residue (F5). Analyses of the extracts were performed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. To indicate the degree of risk of toxic elements, risk assessment code and contamination factor have been used. The results of partitioning study indicate that more easily mobilized forms (metals in adsorbed/exchangeable/carbonate forms or bound to amorphous Fe and Mn oxyhydroxides and Fe and Mn oxides) were predominant for copper, zinc, cadmium and lead, which can be used as indicators for input from anthropogenic source. In contrast, the largest amount of chromium and nickel were associated with the inert fraction, which reduced their solubility and rendered them immobile under natural conditions and indicative of natural origins. Most of remaining portion of metals was bound to ferromanganese oxides fraction. It is concluded that sequential extraction results proved useful to distinguish between anthropogenic and geochemical sources of elements in the sediments.
PB  - Irtces, Beijing
T2  - International Journal of Sediment Research
T1  - Trace element study in Tisa River and Danube alluvial sediment in Serbia
VL  - 28
IS  - 2
SP  - 234
EP  - 245
DO  - 10.1016/S1001-6279(13)60034-7
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Sakan, Sanja and Sakan, Nenad and Đorđević, Dragana",
year = "2013",
abstract = "The contaminated sediment serves as a long-term source of toxic elements, since that mobility and transport in the environment of these elements are strongly influenced to associated solid phase. In this study, the modified Tessier sequential extraction procedure was applied for the fractionation of Cd, As, Hg, Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb, Ni and V in the sediments (Tisa River and canal sediments - Danube alluvial formation), to obtain an overall classification of trace element pollution in these areas through its spatial distribution. Investigations of this region are important due to the widespread occurrence of metal mining activities throughout the Tisa and Danube drainage basins and possibilities of contamination with toxic elements at studies localities. Five steps of the sequential extraction procedure partitioned elements into CH3COONH4 extractable (F1), NH2OH center dot HC carbonate extractable and easily reducible (F2), H2C2O4/(NH4)2C2O4 moderately reducible (F3), H2O2-HNO3 organic extractable (F4), and HCl acid soluble residue (F5). Analyses of the extracts were performed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. To indicate the degree of risk of toxic elements, risk assessment code and contamination factor have been used. The results of partitioning study indicate that more easily mobilized forms (metals in adsorbed/exchangeable/carbonate forms or bound to amorphous Fe and Mn oxyhydroxides and Fe and Mn oxides) were predominant for copper, zinc, cadmium and lead, which can be used as indicators for input from anthropogenic source. In contrast, the largest amount of chromium and nickel were associated with the inert fraction, which reduced their solubility and rendered them immobile under natural conditions and indicative of natural origins. Most of remaining portion of metals was bound to ferromanganese oxides fraction. It is concluded that sequential extraction results proved useful to distinguish between anthropogenic and geochemical sources of elements in the sediments.",
publisher = "Irtces, Beijing",
journal = "International Journal of Sediment Research",
title = "Trace element study in Tisa River and Danube alluvial sediment in Serbia",
volume = "28",
number = "2",
pages = "234-245",
doi = "10.1016/S1001-6279(13)60034-7"
}

Sakan, S., Sakan, N.,& Đorđević, D.. (2013). Trace element study in Tisa River and Danube alluvial sediment in Serbia. in International Journal of Sediment Research
Irtces, Beijing., 28(2), 234-245.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-6279(13)60034-7

Sakan S, Sakan N, Đorđević D. Trace element study in Tisa River and Danube alluvial sediment in Serbia. in International Journal of Sediment Research. 2013;28(2):234-245.
doi:10.1016/S1001-6279(13)60034-7 .

Sakan, Sanja, Sakan, Nenad, Đorđević, Dragana, "Trace element study in Tisa River and Danube alluvial sediment in Serbia" in International Journal of Sediment Research, 28, no. 2 (2013):234-245,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-6279(13)60034-7 . .