TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kesić, Željka
AU  - Lukić, Ivana
AU  - Zdujić, Miodrag
AU  - Jovalekić, Čedomir
AU  - Liu, Hui
AU  - Skala, Dejan
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://dais.sanu.ac.rs/123456789/3542
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2606
AB  - The goal of this study was to prepare a CaO·ZnO catalyst containing a small amount of K2CO3 and analyze its activity for biodiesel synthesis. The catalyst was prepared using the following procedure: CaO and ZnO (mole ratio of 1:2), water and K2CO3 (in various amounts) were mechanochemically treated and after milling heated at 700 °C in air atmosphere for obtaining mixed CaO·ZnO/xK2CO3 oxides (x = 0, 1, 2 and 4 mol of K2CO3 per 10 mol of CaO). All the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), particle size laser diffraction (PSLD) distribution, solubility measurement of Ca, Zn and K ions in methanol as well as by determination of their alkalinity (Hammett Indicator method). Prepared CaO·ZnO/xK2CO3 composite powders were tested as catalysts for methanolysis of sunflower oil at 70 °C using mole ratio of sunflower oil to methanol of 1:10 and with 2 mass% of catalyst based on oil weight. The presence of K2CO3 in prepared samples was found to increase the activity of catalyst, and that such effect is caused by homogeneous-heterogeneous catalysis of biodiesel synthesis. © 2015, CI and CEQ. All Rights Reserved.
PB  - Belgrade: Association of the Chemical Engineers of Serbia
T2  - Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly
T1  - Mechanochemical synthesis of CaO·ZnO·K2CO3 catalyst: Characterization and activity for methanolysis of sunflower oil
VL  - 21
IS  - 1
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
DO  - 10.2298/CICEQ131026041K
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Kesić, Željka and Lukić, Ivana and Zdujić, Miodrag and Jovalekić, Čedomir and Liu, Hui and Skala, Dejan",
year = "2015",
abstract = "The goal of this study was to prepare a CaO·ZnO catalyst containing a small amount of K2CO3 and analyze its activity for biodiesel synthesis. The catalyst was prepared using the following procedure: CaO and ZnO (mole ratio of 1:2), water and K2CO3 (in various amounts) were mechanochemically treated and after milling heated at 700 °C in air atmosphere for obtaining mixed CaO·ZnO/xK2CO3 oxides (x = 0, 1, 2 and 4 mol of K2CO3 per 10 mol of CaO). All the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), particle size laser diffraction (PSLD) distribution, solubility measurement of Ca, Zn and K ions in methanol as well as by determination of their alkalinity (Hammett Indicator method). Prepared CaO·ZnO/xK2CO3 composite powders were tested as catalysts for methanolysis of sunflower oil at 70 °C using mole ratio of sunflower oil to methanol of 1:10 and with 2 mass% of catalyst based on oil weight. The presence of K2CO3 in prepared samples was found to increase the activity of catalyst, and that such effect is caused by homogeneous-heterogeneous catalysis of biodiesel synthesis. © 2015, CI and CEQ. All Rights Reserved.",
publisher = "Belgrade: Association of the Chemical Engineers of Serbia",
journal = "Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly",
title = "Mechanochemical synthesis of CaO·ZnO·K2CO3 catalyst: Characterization and activity for methanolysis of sunflower oil",
volume = "21",
number = "1",
pages = "1-12",
doi = "10.2298/CICEQ131026041K"
}

Kesić, Ž., Lukić, I., Zdujić, M., Jovalekić, Č., Liu, H.,& Skala, D.. (2015). Mechanochemical synthesis of CaO·ZnO·K2CO3 catalyst: Characterization and activity for methanolysis of sunflower oil. in Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly
Belgrade: Association of the Chemical Engineers of Serbia., 21(1), 1-12.
https://doi.org/10.2298/CICEQ131026041K

Kesić Ž, Lukić I, Zdujić M, Jovalekić Č, Liu H, Skala D. Mechanochemical synthesis of CaO·ZnO·K2CO3 catalyst: Characterization and activity for methanolysis of sunflower oil. in Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly. 2015;21(1):1-12.
doi:10.2298/CICEQ131026041K .

Kesić, Željka, Lukić, Ivana, Zdujić, Miodrag, Jovalekić, Čedomir, Liu, Hui, Skala, Dejan, "Mechanochemical synthesis of CaO·ZnO·K2CO3 catalyst: Characterization and activity for methanolysis of sunflower oil" in Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly, 21, no. 1 (2015):1-12,
https://doi.org/10.2298/CICEQ131026041K . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Kesić, Željka
AU  - Lukić, Ivana
AU  - Zdujić, Miodrag
AU  - Jovalekić, Čedomir
AU  - Shao, Yong
AU  - Liu, Hui
AU  - Skala, Dejan
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://dais.sanu.ac.rs/123456789/423
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2842
AB  - The mixed oxide of CaO·ZnO and K2CO3 were prepared by ball milling of CaO and ZnO powders and water, with addition of K2CO3 and afterward by calcination at 700 oC. Influence of different molar ratio of K2CO3 and CaO (x=1, 2 and 4 moles of K2CO3 per 10 moles of CaO) was studied . The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanningelectron microscopy/energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) and the particle size laser diffraction (PSLD) distribution. The addition of smaller amount of K2CO3 at the beginning of ball miling (x≤2), favors the formation of calcium zinc hydroxide hydrate, while it is not the case when K2CO3 larger addition was used (x > 2). A larger amount of potassium carbonate in the initialcomposition of powder mixture negatively affected formation of CaZn2(OH)6·2H2O. Bimodal distribution were detected for all samples after calcination at 700 oC and the results showed that the distribution of elements in the bulk is not homogeneous and that surface of formed mixed oxide CaO.ZnO (XPS analysis) after calcination is mainly covered by potassium species. That evidence indicate that the K2CO3 was not fully incorporated into the matrix. Prepared samples could be used for methanolysis of vegetable oil and fatty acid methyl esters (FAME, i.e. biodiesel) synthesis.
PB  - Belgrade : Serbian Ceramic Society
C3  - Advanced Ceramics and Application : new frontiers in multifunctional material science and processing : program and the book of abstracts : II Serbian Ceramic Society Conference, Sep 30th-Oct 1st, 2013, Belgrade
T1  - Biodiesel synthesis based on CaO·ZnO.K2CO3 as catalyst
SP  - 46
EP  - 46
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_423
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Kesić, Željka and Lukić, Ivana and Zdujić, Miodrag and Jovalekić, Čedomir and Shao, Yong and Liu, Hui and Skala, Dejan",
year = "2013",
abstract = "The mixed oxide of CaO·ZnO and K2CO3 were prepared by ball milling of CaO and ZnO powders and water, with addition of K2CO3 and afterward by calcination at 700 oC. Influence of different molar ratio of K2CO3 and CaO (x=1, 2 and 4 moles of K2CO3 per 10 moles of CaO) was studied . The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanningelectron microscopy/energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) and the particle size laser diffraction (PSLD) distribution. The addition of smaller amount of K2CO3 at the beginning of ball miling (x≤2), favors the formation of calcium zinc hydroxide hydrate, while it is not the case when K2CO3 larger addition was used (x > 2). A larger amount of potassium carbonate in the initialcomposition of powder mixture negatively affected formation of CaZn2(OH)6·2H2O. Bimodal distribution were detected for all samples after calcination at 700 oC and the results showed that the distribution of elements in the bulk is not homogeneous and that surface of formed mixed oxide CaO.ZnO (XPS analysis) after calcination is mainly covered by potassium species. That evidence indicate that the K2CO3 was not fully incorporated into the matrix. Prepared samples could be used for methanolysis of vegetable oil and fatty acid methyl esters (FAME, i.e. biodiesel) synthesis.",
publisher = "Belgrade : Serbian Ceramic Society",
journal = "Advanced Ceramics and Application : new frontiers in multifunctional material science and processing : program and the book of abstracts : II Serbian Ceramic Society Conference, Sep 30th-Oct 1st, 2013, Belgrade",
title = "Biodiesel synthesis based on CaO·ZnO.K2CO3 as catalyst",
pages = "46-46",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_423"
}

Kesić, Ž., Lukić, I., Zdujić, M., Jovalekić, Č., Shao, Y., Liu, H.,& Skala, D.. (2013). Biodiesel synthesis based on CaO·ZnO.K2CO3 as catalyst. in Advanced Ceramics and Application : new frontiers in multifunctional material science and processing : program and the book of abstracts : II Serbian Ceramic Society Conference, Sep 30th-Oct 1st, 2013, Belgrade
Belgrade : Serbian Ceramic Society., 46-46.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_423

Kesić Ž, Lukić I, Zdujić M, Jovalekić Č, Shao Y, Liu H, Skala D. Biodiesel synthesis based on CaO·ZnO.K2CO3 as catalyst. in Advanced Ceramics and Application : new frontiers in multifunctional material science and processing : program and the book of abstracts : II Serbian Ceramic Society Conference, Sep 30th-Oct 1st, 2013, Belgrade. 2013;:46-46.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_423 .

Kesić, Željka, Lukić, Ivana, Zdujić, Miodrag, Jovalekić, Čedomir, Shao, Yong, Liu, Hui, Skala, Dejan, "Biodiesel synthesis based on CaO·ZnO.K2CO3 as catalyst" in Advanced Ceramics and Application : new frontiers in multifunctional material science and processing : program and the book of abstracts : II Serbian Ceramic Society Conference, Sep 30th-Oct 1st, 2013, Belgrade (2013):46-46,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_423 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Kesić, Željka
AU  - Lukić, Ivana
AU  - Zdujić, Miodrag
AU  - Jovalekić, Čedomir
AU  - Shao, Yong
AU  - Liu, Hui
AU  - Skala, Dejan
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://dais.sanu.ac.rs/123456789/422
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2843
AB  - The mixed oxide of CaO·ZnO and K2CO3 were prepared by ball milling of CaO and ZnO powders and water, with addition of K2CO3 and afterward by calcination at 700 oC. Influence of different molar ratio of K2CO3 and CaO (x=1, 2 and 4 moles of K2CO3 per 10 moles of CaO) was studied . The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) and the particle size laser diffraction (PSLD) distribution. The addition of smaller amount of K2CO3 at the beginning of ball miling (x≤2), favors the formation of calcium zinc hydroxide hydrate, while it is not the case when K2CO3 larger addition was used (x > 2). A larger amount of potassium carbonate in the initial composition of powder mixture negatively affected formation of CaZn2(OH)6·2H2O. Bimodal distribution were detected for all samples after calcination at 700 oC and the results showed that the distribution of elements in the bulk is not homogeneous and that surface of formed mixed oxide CaO.ZnO (XPS analysis) after calcination is mainly covered by potassium species. That evidence indicate that the K2CO3 was not fully incorporated into the matrix. Prepared samples could be used for methanolysis of vegetable oil and fatty acid methyl esters (FAME, i.e. biodiesel) synthesis.
PB  - Belgrade : Serbian Ceramic Society
C3  - Advanced Ceramics and Application : new frontiers in multifunctional material science and processing : program and the book of abstracts : II Serbian Ceramic Society Conference, Sep 30th-Oct 1st, 2013, Belgrade
T1  - Characterization of mechanochemically synthesized CaO·ZnO.K2CO3
SP  - 45
EP  - 45
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_422
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Kesić, Željka and Lukić, Ivana and Zdujić, Miodrag and Jovalekić, Čedomir and Shao, Yong and Liu, Hui and Skala, Dejan",
year = "2013",
abstract = "The mixed oxide of CaO·ZnO and K2CO3 were prepared by ball milling of CaO and ZnO powders and water, with addition of K2CO3 and afterward by calcination at 700 oC. Influence of different molar ratio of K2CO3 and CaO (x=1, 2 and 4 moles of K2CO3 per 10 moles of CaO) was studied . The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) and the particle size laser diffraction (PSLD) distribution. The addition of smaller amount of K2CO3 at the beginning of ball miling (x≤2), favors the formation of calcium zinc hydroxide hydrate, while it is not the case when K2CO3 larger addition was used (x > 2). A larger amount of potassium carbonate in the initial composition of powder mixture negatively affected formation of CaZn2(OH)6·2H2O. Bimodal distribution were detected for all samples after calcination at 700 oC and the results showed that the distribution of elements in the bulk is not homogeneous and that surface of formed mixed oxide CaO.ZnO (XPS analysis) after calcination is mainly covered by potassium species. That evidence indicate that the K2CO3 was not fully incorporated into the matrix. Prepared samples could be used for methanolysis of vegetable oil and fatty acid methyl esters (FAME, i.e. biodiesel) synthesis.",
publisher = "Belgrade : Serbian Ceramic Society",
journal = "Advanced Ceramics and Application : new frontiers in multifunctional material science and processing : program and the book of abstracts : II Serbian Ceramic Society Conference, Sep 30th-Oct 1st, 2013, Belgrade",
title = "Characterization of mechanochemically synthesized CaO·ZnO.K2CO3",
pages = "45-45",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_422"
}

Kesić, Ž., Lukić, I., Zdujić, M., Jovalekić, Č., Shao, Y., Liu, H.,& Skala, D.. (2013). Characterization of mechanochemically synthesized CaO·ZnO.K2CO3. in Advanced Ceramics and Application : new frontiers in multifunctional material science and processing : program and the book of abstracts : II Serbian Ceramic Society Conference, Sep 30th-Oct 1st, 2013, Belgrade
Belgrade : Serbian Ceramic Society., 45-45.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_422

Kesić Ž, Lukić I, Zdujić M, Jovalekić Č, Shao Y, Liu H, Skala D. Characterization of mechanochemically synthesized CaO·ZnO.K2CO3. in Advanced Ceramics and Application : new frontiers in multifunctional material science and processing : program and the book of abstracts : II Serbian Ceramic Society Conference, Sep 30th-Oct 1st, 2013, Belgrade. 2013;:45-45.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_422 .

Kesić, Željka, Lukić, Ivana, Zdujić, Miodrag, Jovalekić, Čedomir, Shao, Yong, Liu, Hui, Skala, Dejan, "Characterization of mechanochemically synthesized CaO·ZnO.K2CO3" in Advanced Ceramics and Application : new frontiers in multifunctional material science and processing : program and the book of abstracts : II Serbian Ceramic Society Conference, Sep 30th-Oct 1st, 2013, Belgrade (2013):45-45,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_422 .