TY  - CHAP
AU  - Štrbac, Svetlana
AU  - Wieckowski, Andrzej
PY  - 2010
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4100
AB  - the aspects of the newest developments of the effect of surface morphology of activated electrodes on their electrochemical properties are discussed. These electrodes, consisting of conducting, inert support which is coated with a thin layer of electrocatalyst, have applications in numerous electrochemical processes such as fuel cells, industrial electrolysis, etc. The inertelectrodes are activated with electrodeposited metals of different surface morphologies, for example, dendritic, spongy-like, honeycomblike, pyramid-like, cauliflower-like, etc. Importantly, the authors correlate further the quantity of a catalyst and its electrochemical behavior with the size and density of hemispherical active grain.
PB  - Springer
T2  - Electrodeposition: Theory and Practice, Series: Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry
T1  - Noble Metal Nanoislands Decoration of Au(111) and Pt(111) Single Crystal Surfaces
VL  - 48
SP  - 71
EP  - 116
DO  - 10.1007/978-1-4419-5589-0_2
ER  - 

@inbook{
author = "Štrbac, Svetlana and Wieckowski, Andrzej",
year = "2010",
abstract = "the aspects of the newest developments of the effect of surface morphology of activated electrodes on their electrochemical properties are discussed. These electrodes, consisting of conducting, inert support which is coated with a thin layer of electrocatalyst, have applications in numerous electrochemical processes such as fuel cells, industrial electrolysis, etc. The inertelectrodes are activated with electrodeposited metals of different surface morphologies, for example, dendritic, spongy-like, honeycomblike, pyramid-like, cauliflower-like, etc. Importantly, the authors correlate further the quantity of a catalyst and its electrochemical behavior with the size and density of hemispherical active grain.",
publisher = "Springer",
journal = "Electrodeposition: Theory and Practice, Series: Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry",
booktitle = "Noble Metal Nanoislands Decoration of Au(111) and Pt(111) Single Crystal Surfaces",
volume = "48",
pages = "71-116",
doi = "10.1007/978-1-4419-5589-0_2"
}

Štrbac, S.,& Wieckowski, A.. (2010). Noble Metal Nanoislands Decoration of Au(111) and Pt(111) Single Crystal Surfaces. in Electrodeposition: Theory and Practice, Series: Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry
Springer., 48, 71-116.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5589-0_2

Štrbac S, Wieckowski A. Noble Metal Nanoislands Decoration of Au(111) and Pt(111) Single Crystal Surfaces. in Electrodeposition: Theory and Practice, Series: Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry. 2010;48:71-116.
doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-5589-0_2 .

Štrbac, Svetlana, Wieckowski, Andrzej, "Noble Metal Nanoislands Decoration of Au(111) and Pt(111) Single Crystal Surfaces" in Electrodeposition: Theory and Practice, Series: Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, 48 (2010):71-116,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5589-0_2 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Štrbac, Svetlana
AU  - Johnston, Christina Marie
AU  - Wiȩckowski, Andrzej
PY  - 2006
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4349
AB  - The structure and reactivity of bimetallic electrodes obtained by spontaneous deposition of Ru and Os on Au(111) single-crystal surfaces are studied. In situ electrochemical STM and cyclic voltammetry are used to characterize a wide range of surface morphologies thus produced. The STM results on Ru/Au(111) demonstrate a pronounced step decoration, while a random distribution of Ru nuclei, quite uniform in size, occurs on terraces. Osmium deposits show a slight preference for deposition on steps, but it also occurs readily on terraces. However, many of the Os islands grow into multilayer heights. The coverage of the Au(111) by the deposited Ru or Os islands for a particular solution concentration depends on the deposition time. Nanostructures of Ru and Os are tested for catalytic behavior and correlated to CO oxidation activity as measured by CO stripping voltammetry
PB  - Russia : Maik Nauka-Interperiodica Publishing
T2  - Russian Journal of Electrochemistry
T1  - Decorated Ru/Au(111) and Os/Au(111) surfaces: An in situ STM and electrochemistry study
VL  - 42
IS  - 11
SP  - 1244
EP  - 1250
DO  - 10.1134/S1023193506110115
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Štrbac, Svetlana and Johnston, Christina Marie and Wiȩckowski, Andrzej",
year = "2006",
abstract = "The structure and reactivity of bimetallic electrodes obtained by spontaneous deposition of Ru and Os on Au(111) single-crystal surfaces are studied. In situ electrochemical STM and cyclic voltammetry are used to characterize a wide range of surface morphologies thus produced. The STM results on Ru/Au(111) demonstrate a pronounced step decoration, while a random distribution of Ru nuclei, quite uniform in size, occurs on terraces. Osmium deposits show a slight preference for deposition on steps, but it also occurs readily on terraces. However, many of the Os islands grow into multilayer heights. The coverage of the Au(111) by the deposited Ru or Os islands for a particular solution concentration depends on the deposition time. Nanostructures of Ru and Os are tested for catalytic behavior and correlated to CO oxidation activity as measured by CO stripping voltammetry",
publisher = "Russia : Maik Nauka-Interperiodica Publishing",
journal = "Russian Journal of Electrochemistry",
title = "Decorated Ru/Au(111) and Os/Au(111) surfaces: An in situ STM and electrochemistry study",
volume = "42",
number = "11",
pages = "1244-1250",
doi = "10.1134/S1023193506110115"
}

Štrbac, S., Johnston, C. M.,& Wiȩckowski, A.. (2006). Decorated Ru/Au(111) and Os/Au(111) surfaces: An in situ STM and electrochemistry study. in Russian Journal of Electrochemistry
Russia : Maik Nauka-Interperiodica Publishing., 42(11), 1244-1250.
https://doi.org/10.1134/S1023193506110115

Štrbac S, Johnston CM, Wiȩckowski A. Decorated Ru/Au(111) and Os/Au(111) surfaces: An in situ STM and electrochemistry study. in Russian Journal of Electrochemistry. 2006;42(11):1244-1250.
doi:10.1134/S1023193506110115 .

Štrbac, Svetlana, Johnston, Christina Marie, Wiȩckowski, Andrzej, "Decorated Ru/Au(111) and Os/Au(111) surfaces: An in situ STM and electrochemistry study" in Russian Journal of Electrochemistry, 42, no. 11 (2006):1244-1250,
https://doi.org/10.1134/S1023193506110115 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnston, Christina Marie
AU  - Štrbac, Svetlana
AU  - Lewera, Adam
AU  - Sibert, Eric
AU  - Wiȩckowski, Andrzej
PY  - 2006
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4348
AB  - Catalytic activity of the Pt(111)/Os surface toward methanol electrooxidation was optimized by exploring a wide range of Os coverage. Various methods of surface analyses were used, including electroanalytical, STM, and XPS methods. The Pt(111) surface was decorated with nanosized Os islands by spontaneous deposition, and the Os coverage was controlled by changing the exposure time to the Os-containing electrolyte. The structure of Os deposits on Pt(111) was characterized and quantified by in situ STM and stripping voltammetry. We found that the optimal Os surface coverage of Pt(111) for methanol electrooxidation was 0.7 ± 0.1 ML, close to 1.0 ± 0.1 Os packing density. Apparently, the high osmium coverage Pt(111)/Os surface provides more of the necessary oxygen-containing species (e.g., Os-OH) for effective methanol electrooxidation than the Pt(111)/Os surfaces with lower Os coverage (vs e.g., Ru-OH). Supporting evidence for this conjecture comes from the CO electrooxidation data, which show that the onset potential for CO stripping is lowered from 0.53 to 0.45 V when the Os coverage is increased from 0.2 to 0.7 ML. However, the activity of Pt(111)/Os for methanol electrooxidation decreases when the Os coverage is higher than 0.7 ± 0.1 ML, indicating that Pt sites uncovered by Os are necessary for sustaining significant methanol oxidation rates. Furthermore, osmium is inactive for methanol electrooxidation when the platinum substrate is absent: Os deposits on Au(111), a bulk Os ingot, and thick films of electrodeposited Os on Pt(111), all compare poorly to Pt(111)/Os. We conclude that a bifunctional mechanism applies to the methanol electrooxidation similarly to Pt(111)/Ru, although with fewer available Pt sites. Finally, the potential window for methanol electrooxidation on Pt(111)/Os was observed to shift positively versus Pt(111)/Ru. Because of the difference in the Os and Ru oxophilicity under electrochemical conditions, the Os deposit provides fewer oxygen-containing species, at least below 0.5 V vs RHE. Both higher coverage of Os than Ru and the higher potentials are required to provide a sufficient number of active oxygen-containing species for the effective removal of the site-blocking CO from the catalyst surface when the methanol electrooxidation process occurs.
PB  - American Chemical Society (ACS)
T2  - Langmuir
T1  - Characterization and methanol electrooxidation studies of Pt(111)/Os surfaces prepared by spontaneous deposition
VL  - 22
IS  - 19
SP  - 8229
EP  - 8240
DO  - 10.1021/la060164e
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Johnston, Christina Marie and Štrbac, Svetlana and Lewera, Adam and Sibert, Eric and Wiȩckowski, Andrzej",
year = "2006",
abstract = "Catalytic activity of the Pt(111)/Os surface toward methanol electrooxidation was optimized by exploring a wide range of Os coverage. Various methods of surface analyses were used, including electroanalytical, STM, and XPS methods. The Pt(111) surface was decorated with nanosized Os islands by spontaneous deposition, and the Os coverage was controlled by changing the exposure time to the Os-containing electrolyte. The structure of Os deposits on Pt(111) was characterized and quantified by in situ STM and stripping voltammetry. We found that the optimal Os surface coverage of Pt(111) for methanol electrooxidation was 0.7 ± 0.1 ML, close to 1.0 ± 0.1 Os packing density. Apparently, the high osmium coverage Pt(111)/Os surface provides more of the necessary oxygen-containing species (e.g., Os-OH) for effective methanol electrooxidation than the Pt(111)/Os surfaces with lower Os coverage (vs e.g., Ru-OH). Supporting evidence for this conjecture comes from the CO electrooxidation data, which show that the onset potential for CO stripping is lowered from 0.53 to 0.45 V when the Os coverage is increased from 0.2 to 0.7 ML. However, the activity of Pt(111)/Os for methanol electrooxidation decreases when the Os coverage is higher than 0.7 ± 0.1 ML, indicating that Pt sites uncovered by Os are necessary for sustaining significant methanol oxidation rates. Furthermore, osmium is inactive for methanol electrooxidation when the platinum substrate is absent: Os deposits on Au(111), a bulk Os ingot, and thick films of electrodeposited Os on Pt(111), all compare poorly to Pt(111)/Os. We conclude that a bifunctional mechanism applies to the methanol electrooxidation similarly to Pt(111)/Ru, although with fewer available Pt sites. Finally, the potential window for methanol electrooxidation on Pt(111)/Os was observed to shift positively versus Pt(111)/Ru. Because of the difference in the Os and Ru oxophilicity under electrochemical conditions, the Os deposit provides fewer oxygen-containing species, at least below 0.5 V vs RHE. Both higher coverage of Os than Ru and the higher potentials are required to provide a sufficient number of active oxygen-containing species for the effective removal of the site-blocking CO from the catalyst surface when the methanol electrooxidation process occurs.",
publisher = "American Chemical Society (ACS)",
journal = "Langmuir",
title = "Characterization and methanol electrooxidation studies of Pt(111)/Os surfaces prepared by spontaneous deposition",
volume = "22",
number = "19",
pages = "8229-8240",
doi = "10.1021/la060164e"
}

Johnston, C. M., Štrbac, S., Lewera, A., Sibert, E.,& Wiȩckowski, A.. (2006). Characterization and methanol electrooxidation studies of Pt(111)/Os surfaces prepared by spontaneous deposition. in Langmuir
American Chemical Society (ACS)., 22(19), 8229-8240.
https://doi.org/10.1021/la060164e

Johnston CM, Štrbac S, Lewera A, Sibert E, Wiȩckowski A. Characterization and methanol electrooxidation studies of Pt(111)/Os surfaces prepared by spontaneous deposition. in Langmuir. 2006;22(19):8229-8240.
doi:10.1021/la060164e .

Johnston, Christina Marie, Štrbac, Svetlana, Lewera, Adam, Sibert, Eric, Wiȩckowski, Andrzej, "Characterization and methanol electrooxidation studies of Pt(111)/Os surfaces prepared by spontaneous deposition" in Langmuir, 22, no. 19 (2006):8229-8240,
https://doi.org/10.1021/la060164e . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnston, Christina Marie
AU  - Štrbac, Svetlana
AU  - Wiȩckowski, Andrzej
PY  - 2005
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4347
AB  - We provide an electrochemical and structural characterization by in situ STM of Au(111)/Os electrodes prepared by spontaneous deposition of Os on Au(111). Surfaces with Os coverage values up to the saturation coverage were examined, from 10%. Using comparisons to previous work on Au(111)/Ru, Pt(111)/Ru, and Pt(111)/Os, we find that we may now generalize that Os deposits spontaneously faster than Ru and has a greater tendency to form 3-D structures. Additionally, the Au(111) substrate shows preferential step and near-step decoration in both cases, although it is less pronounced for Os than Ru. We also investigated the incremental dissolution of the Os from Au(111), to better understand electrochemical dissolution processes in general and to better control the Os deposit structure. The application of controlled electrochemical treatments (cyclic voltammetry up to increasingly positive values) significantly increased the dispersion of the Os deposit by generating smaller, more widely spaced islands. Upon voltammetry up to 0.75 V, the Au(111)/Os surface showed evidence of alloying and the formation of 3-D structures suggestive of strong Os-Os (oxidized) species interactions. The CO stripping results show the Au(111)/Os is not particularly effective for this reaction, but such results help to complete the overall picture of NM-NM catalytic combinations. Although the Au(111)/Os system itself is not catalytically active, the electrochemical manipulation of the deposit structure demonstrated here may be applied to other noble metal/noble metal (NM/NM) catalytic substrates to find optimal deposit morphologies.
PB  - American Chemical Society (ACS)
T2  - Langmuir
T1  - In situ STM study of Au(111)/Os bimetallic surfaces: Spontaneous deposition and electrochemical dissolution
VL  - 21
IS  - 21
SP  - 9610
EP  - 9617
DO  - 10.1021/la050720p
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Johnston, Christina Marie and Štrbac, Svetlana and Wiȩckowski, Andrzej",
year = "2005",
abstract = "We provide an electrochemical and structural characterization by in situ STM of Au(111)/Os electrodes prepared by spontaneous deposition of Os on Au(111). Surfaces with Os coverage values up to the saturation coverage were examined, from 10%. Using comparisons to previous work on Au(111)/Ru, Pt(111)/Ru, and Pt(111)/Os, we find that we may now generalize that Os deposits spontaneously faster than Ru and has a greater tendency to form 3-D structures. Additionally, the Au(111) substrate shows preferential step and near-step decoration in both cases, although it is less pronounced for Os than Ru. We also investigated the incremental dissolution of the Os from Au(111), to better understand electrochemical dissolution processes in general and to better control the Os deposit structure. The application of controlled electrochemical treatments (cyclic voltammetry up to increasingly positive values) significantly increased the dispersion of the Os deposit by generating smaller, more widely spaced islands. Upon voltammetry up to 0.75 V, the Au(111)/Os surface showed evidence of alloying and the formation of 3-D structures suggestive of strong Os-Os (oxidized) species interactions. The CO stripping results show the Au(111)/Os is not particularly effective for this reaction, but such results help to complete the overall picture of NM-NM catalytic combinations. Although the Au(111)/Os system itself is not catalytically active, the electrochemical manipulation of the deposit structure demonstrated here may be applied to other noble metal/noble metal (NM/NM) catalytic substrates to find optimal deposit morphologies.",
publisher = "American Chemical Society (ACS)",
journal = "Langmuir",
title = "In situ STM study of Au(111)/Os bimetallic surfaces: Spontaneous deposition and electrochemical dissolution",
volume = "21",
number = "21",
pages = "9610-9617",
doi = "10.1021/la050720p"
}

Johnston, C. M., Štrbac, S.,& Wiȩckowski, A.. (2005). In situ STM study of Au(111)/Os bimetallic surfaces: Spontaneous deposition and electrochemical dissolution. in Langmuir
American Chemical Society (ACS)., 21(21), 9610-9617.
https://doi.org/10.1021/la050720p

Johnston CM, Štrbac S, Wiȩckowski A. In situ STM study of Au(111)/Os bimetallic surfaces: Spontaneous deposition and electrochemical dissolution. in Langmuir. 2005;21(21):9610-9617.
doi:10.1021/la050720p .

Johnston, Christina Marie, Štrbac, Svetlana, Wiȩckowski, Andrzej, "In situ STM study of Au(111)/Os bimetallic surfaces: Spontaneous deposition and electrochemical dissolution" in Langmuir, 21, no. 21 (2005):9610-9617,
https://doi.org/10.1021/la050720p . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Štrbac, Svetlana
AU  - Johnston, Christina Marie
AU  - Lu, Guoqiang
AU  - Crown, Alechia
AU  - Wiȩckowski, Andrzej
PY  - 2004
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4342
AB  - We provide an overview of structure and reactivity of selected bimetallic single crystal electrodes obtained by the method of spontaneous deposition. The surfaces that are described and compared are the following: Au(111)/Ru, Pt(111)/Ru and Pt(111)/Os. Detailed morphological information is presented and the significance of this work in current and further study of nanoisland covered surfaces in the catalytic and spectroscopic perspective is highlighted. All surfaces were investigated by in situ STM and by electroanalytical techniques. The results confirm our previous data that nanosized Ru islands are formed with specific and distinctive structural features, and that the Ru growth pattern is different for Au(111) and Pt(111). For Au(111), Ru is preferentially deposited on steps, while a random and relatively sparse distribution of Ru islands is observed on terraces. In contrast, for Ru deposited on Pt(111), a homogeneous deposition over all the Pt(111) surface was,found. Os is also deposited homogeneously, and at a much higher rate than Ru, and even within a single deposition it forms a large proportion of multilayer islands. On Au(111), the Ru islands on both steps and terraces reach the saturation coverage within a short deposition time, and the Ru islands grow to multilayer heights and assume hexagonal shapes. On Pt(111), the Ru saturation coverage is reached relatively fast, but when a single deposition is applied, Ru nanoislands of mainly monoatomic height are formed, with the Ru coverage not exceeding 0.2 ML. For Ru deposits on Pt(111), we demonstrate that larger and multilayer islands obtained in two consecutive depositions can be reduced in size-both in height and width-by oxidizing the Ru islands and then by reducing them back to a metallic state. A clear increase in the Ru island dispersion is then obtained. However, methanol oxidation chronoamperometry shows that the surface with such a higher dispersion is less active to methanol oxidation than the initial surface. A preliminary interpretation of this effect is provided. Finally, we studied CO stripping reaction on Pt(111)/Ru, Au(111)/Ru and on Pt(111)/Os. We relate CO oxidation differences observed between Pt(111)/Ru and Pt(111)/Os to the difference in the oxophilicity of the two admetals. In turn, the difference in the CO stripping reaction on Pt(111)/Ru and Au(111)/Ru with respect to the Ru islands is linked to the effect of the substrate on the bond strength and/or adlayer structure of CO and OHads species.
PB  - Elsevier
T2  - Surface Science
T1  - In situ STM study of nanosized Ru and Os islands spontaneously deposited on Pt(111) and Au(111) electrodes
VL  - 573
VL  - 99
IS  - 1
SP  - 80
DO  - 10.1016/j.susc.2004.04.060
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Štrbac, Svetlana and Johnston, Christina Marie and Lu, Guoqiang and Crown, Alechia and Wiȩckowski, Andrzej",
year = "2004",
abstract = "We provide an overview of structure and reactivity of selected bimetallic single crystal electrodes obtained by the method of spontaneous deposition. The surfaces that are described and compared are the following: Au(111)/Ru, Pt(111)/Ru and Pt(111)/Os. Detailed morphological information is presented and the significance of this work in current and further study of nanoisland covered surfaces in the catalytic and spectroscopic perspective is highlighted. All surfaces were investigated by in situ STM and by electroanalytical techniques. The results confirm our previous data that nanosized Ru islands are formed with specific and distinctive structural features, and that the Ru growth pattern is different for Au(111) and Pt(111). For Au(111), Ru is preferentially deposited on steps, while a random and relatively sparse distribution of Ru islands is observed on terraces. In contrast, for Ru deposited on Pt(111), a homogeneous deposition over all the Pt(111) surface was,found. Os is also deposited homogeneously, and at a much higher rate than Ru, and even within a single deposition it forms a large proportion of multilayer islands. On Au(111), the Ru islands on both steps and terraces reach the saturation coverage within a short deposition time, and the Ru islands grow to multilayer heights and assume hexagonal shapes. On Pt(111), the Ru saturation coverage is reached relatively fast, but when a single deposition is applied, Ru nanoislands of mainly monoatomic height are formed, with the Ru coverage not exceeding 0.2 ML. For Ru deposits on Pt(111), we demonstrate that larger and multilayer islands obtained in two consecutive depositions can be reduced in size-both in height and width-by oxidizing the Ru islands and then by reducing them back to a metallic state. A clear increase in the Ru island dispersion is then obtained. However, methanol oxidation chronoamperometry shows that the surface with such a higher dispersion is less active to methanol oxidation than the initial surface. A preliminary interpretation of this effect is provided. Finally, we studied CO stripping reaction on Pt(111)/Ru, Au(111)/Ru and on Pt(111)/Os. We relate CO oxidation differences observed between Pt(111)/Ru and Pt(111)/Os to the difference in the oxophilicity of the two admetals. In turn, the difference in the CO stripping reaction on Pt(111)/Ru and Au(111)/Ru with respect to the Ru islands is linked to the effect of the substrate on the bond strength and/or adlayer structure of CO and OHads species.",
publisher = "Elsevier",
journal = "Surface Science",
title = "In situ STM study of nanosized Ru and Os islands spontaneously deposited on Pt(111) and Au(111) electrodes",
volume = "573, 99",
number = "1",
pages = "80",
doi = "10.1016/j.susc.2004.04.060"
}

Štrbac, S., Johnston, C. M., Lu, G., Crown, A.,& Wiȩckowski, A.. (2004). In situ STM study of nanosized Ru and Os islands spontaneously deposited on Pt(111) and Au(111) electrodes. in Surface Science
Elsevier., 573(1), 80.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2004.04.060

Štrbac S, Johnston CM, Lu G, Crown A, Wiȩckowski A. In situ STM study of nanosized Ru and Os islands spontaneously deposited on Pt(111) and Au(111) electrodes. in Surface Science. 2004;573(1):80.
doi:10.1016/j.susc.2004.04.060 .

Štrbac, Svetlana, Johnston, Christina Marie, Lu, Guoqiang, Crown, Alechia, Wiȩckowski, Andrzej, "In situ STM study of nanosized Ru and Os islands spontaneously deposited on Pt(111) and Au(111) electrodes" in Surface Science, 573, no. 1 (2004):80,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2004.04.060 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Štrbac, Svetlana
AU  - Behm, Rolf Jürgen
AU  - Crown, Alechia
AU  - Wiȩckowski, Andrzej
PY  - 2002
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4340
AB  - Spontaneous deposition of ruthenium on Au(1 1 1) surfaces from 1.0 mM RuCl3 + 0.5 M H2SO4 (or 0.1 M HClO4) solutions was investigated by in situ STM and cyclic voltammetry, focusing on the morphology of the resulting submonolayer Ru modified surfaces. STM results show a pronounced step decoration, indicating that the steps are active sites for the nucleation of Ru monolayer islands, while a random distribution of Ru nuclei is observed on terraces. During deposition, the open circuit potential rapidly increases from 0.38 to above 0.72 V vs. (Ag/AgCl). Experiments with different deposition times show that deposition from sulfuric acid solution saturates after 3 min deposition, the island size reaches its saturation value of 2.8 nm after 1 min. Significantly higher deposition activities and saturation coverages are found for deposition from perchlorate solution and for deposition on highly stepped surfaces/surface areas, indicative of a pronounced anion effect and reflecting the higher activity of steps for Ru deposition, respectively. In both cases, in particular for deposition in perchlorate solution, islands grow to multilayer heights and assume hexagonal shapes. Finally it is shown that multiple deposition can be utilized to reach higher coverages, attaining step saturation also in sulfuric acid solution. The Ru modified Au(1 1 1) electrode was found to be inert for hydrogen adsorption, and the electrochemical results indicate that the ruthenium islands inhibit long-range ordering of the sulfate adlayer on the substrate.
PB  - Elsevier
T2  - Surface Science
T1  - In situ STM imaging of spontaneously deposited ruthenium on Au(111)
VL  - 517
IS  - 1-3
SP  - 207
EP  - 218
DO  - 10.1016/S0039-6028(02)02062-9
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Štrbac, Svetlana and Behm, Rolf Jürgen and Crown, Alechia and Wiȩckowski, Andrzej",
year = "2002",
abstract = "Spontaneous deposition of ruthenium on Au(1 1 1) surfaces from 1.0 mM RuCl3 + 0.5 M H2SO4 (or 0.1 M HClO4) solutions was investigated by in situ STM and cyclic voltammetry, focusing on the morphology of the resulting submonolayer Ru modified surfaces. STM results show a pronounced step decoration, indicating that the steps are active sites for the nucleation of Ru monolayer islands, while a random distribution of Ru nuclei is observed on terraces. During deposition, the open circuit potential rapidly increases from 0.38 to above 0.72 V vs. (Ag/AgCl). Experiments with different deposition times show that deposition from sulfuric acid solution saturates after 3 min deposition, the island size reaches its saturation value of 2.8 nm after 1 min. Significantly higher deposition activities and saturation coverages are found for deposition from perchlorate solution and for deposition on highly stepped surfaces/surface areas, indicative of a pronounced anion effect and reflecting the higher activity of steps for Ru deposition, respectively. In both cases, in particular for deposition in perchlorate solution, islands grow to multilayer heights and assume hexagonal shapes. Finally it is shown that multiple deposition can be utilized to reach higher coverages, attaining step saturation also in sulfuric acid solution. The Ru modified Au(1 1 1) electrode was found to be inert for hydrogen adsorption, and the electrochemical results indicate that the ruthenium islands inhibit long-range ordering of the sulfate adlayer on the substrate.",
publisher = "Elsevier",
journal = "Surface Science",
title = "In situ STM imaging of spontaneously deposited ruthenium on Au(111)",
volume = "517",
number = "1-3",
pages = "207-218",
doi = "10.1016/S0039-6028(02)02062-9"
}

Štrbac, S., Behm, R. J., Crown, A.,& Wiȩckowski, A.. (2002). In situ STM imaging of spontaneously deposited ruthenium on Au(111). in Surface Science
Elsevier., 517(1-3), 207-218.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0039-6028(02)02062-9

Štrbac S, Behm RJ, Crown A, Wiȩckowski A. In situ STM imaging of spontaneously deposited ruthenium on Au(111). in Surface Science. 2002;517(1-3):207-218.
doi:10.1016/S0039-6028(02)02062-9 .

Štrbac, Svetlana, Behm, Rolf Jürgen, Crown, Alechia, Wiȩckowski, Andrzej, "In situ STM imaging of spontaneously deposited ruthenium on Au(111)" in Surface Science, 517, no. 1-3 (2002):207-218,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0039-6028(02)02062-9 . .