TY  - JOUR
AU  - Živković, Andrej
AU  - Gođevac, Dejan
AU  - Cigić, Blaž
AU  - Polak, Tomaž
AU  - Požrl, Tomaž
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/7221
AB  - first_pagesettingsOrder Article Reprints Open AccessArticle Identification and Quantification of Selected Benzoxazinoids and Phenolics in Germinated Spelt (Triticum spelta) by Andrej Živković 1ORCID,Dejan Gođevac 2ORCID,Blaž Cigić 1ORCID,Tomaž Polak 1ORCID andTomaž Požrl 1,*ORCID 1 Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI-1111 Ljubljana, Slovenia 2 Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Foods 2023, 12(9), 1769; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12091769 Submission received: 31 March 2023 / Revised: 13 April 2023 / Accepted: 23 April 2023 / Published: 24 April 2023 (This article belongs to the Special Issue Contribution of Minor Cereals to Sustainable Diets and Agro-Food Biodiversity) Downloadkeyboard_arrow_down Browse Figures Review Reports Versions Notes Abstract In this study, we investigated the effects of germination on the secondary metabolite composition in spelt grains. Germination significantly increased the content of various metabolites in free and bound forms. Benzoxazinoids were the most important compounds in the free fraction of the 96 h germinated grains (MBOA content as the predominant compound was 277.61 ± 15.29 µg/g DW). The majority of phenolic acids were present in the bound fraction, with trans-ferulic acid as the main component, reaching 753.27 ± 95.87 µg/g DW. The often neglected cis-isomers of phenolic acids accounted for about 20% of the total phenolic acids. High levels of apigenin di-C-glycosides were found in spelt grains, and the schaftoside content was most affected by germination, increasing threefold. The accumulation of secondary metabolites significantly increased the antioxidant activity of germinated spelt. According to the results of this study, the content of most bioactive compounds was highest in spelt grains after 96 h of germination. These data suggest that germinated spelt could potentially be valuable for the production of functional foods.
PB  - MDPI
T2  - Foods
T1  - Identification and Quantification of Selected Benzoxazinoids and Phenolics in Germinated Spelt (Triticum spelta)
VL  - 12
IS  - 9
SP  - 1769
DO  - 10.3390/foods12091769
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Živković, Andrej and Gođevac, Dejan and Cigić, Blaž and Polak, Tomaž and Požrl, Tomaž",
year = "2023",
abstract = "first_pagesettingsOrder Article Reprints Open AccessArticle Identification and Quantification of Selected Benzoxazinoids and Phenolics in Germinated Spelt (Triticum spelta) by Andrej Živković 1ORCID,Dejan Gođevac 2ORCID,Blaž Cigić 1ORCID,Tomaž Polak 1ORCID andTomaž Požrl 1,*ORCID 1 Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI-1111 Ljubljana, Slovenia 2 Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Foods 2023, 12(9), 1769; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12091769 Submission received: 31 March 2023 / Revised: 13 April 2023 / Accepted: 23 April 2023 / Published: 24 April 2023 (This article belongs to the Special Issue Contribution of Minor Cereals to Sustainable Diets and Agro-Food Biodiversity) Downloadkeyboard_arrow_down Browse Figures Review Reports Versions Notes Abstract In this study, we investigated the effects of germination on the secondary metabolite composition in spelt grains. Germination significantly increased the content of various metabolites in free and bound forms. Benzoxazinoids were the most important compounds in the free fraction of the 96 h germinated grains (MBOA content as the predominant compound was 277.61 ± 15.29 µg/g DW). The majority of phenolic acids were present in the bound fraction, with trans-ferulic acid as the main component, reaching 753.27 ± 95.87 µg/g DW. The often neglected cis-isomers of phenolic acids accounted for about 20% of the total phenolic acids. High levels of apigenin di-C-glycosides were found in spelt grains, and the schaftoside content was most affected by germination, increasing threefold. The accumulation of secondary metabolites significantly increased the antioxidant activity of germinated spelt. According to the results of this study, the content of most bioactive compounds was highest in spelt grains after 96 h of germination. These data suggest that germinated spelt could potentially be valuable for the production of functional foods.",
publisher = "MDPI",
journal = "Foods",
title = "Identification and Quantification of Selected Benzoxazinoids and Phenolics in Germinated Spelt (Triticum spelta)",
volume = "12",
number = "9",
pages = "1769",
doi = "10.3390/foods12091769"
}

Živković, A., Gođevac, D., Cigić, B., Polak, T.,& Požrl, T.. (2023). Identification and Quantification of Selected Benzoxazinoids and Phenolics in Germinated Spelt (Triticum spelta). in Foods
MDPI., 12(9), 1769.
https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12091769

Živković A, Gođevac D, Cigić B, Polak T, Požrl T. Identification and Quantification of Selected Benzoxazinoids and Phenolics in Germinated Spelt (Triticum spelta). in Foods. 2023;12(9):1769.
doi:10.3390/foods12091769 .

Živković, Andrej, Gođevac, Dejan, Cigić, Blaž, Polak, Tomaž, Požrl, Tomaž, "Identification and Quantification of Selected Benzoxazinoids and Phenolics in Germinated Spelt (Triticum spelta)" in Foods, 12, no. 9 (2023):1769,
https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12091769 . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Kokalj, Doris
AU  - Gođevac, Dejan
AU  - Anđelković, Boban D.
AU  - Cigić, Blaž
AU  - Zlatić, Emil
AU  - Hribar, Janez
AU  - Vidrih, Rajko
PY  - 2019
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3068
AB  - A metabolomics approach based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, a rapid and simple technique, was used for the assessment of chemical changes of ‘Van’ sweet cherries during their storage. This approach affords a holistic analysis since NMR spectroscopy allows the simultaneous detection of diverse groups of secondary and primary metabolites, and reflects the real molar levels of the metabolites. Additionally, color parameters L*, a* and b*, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), anthocyanidins and total antioxidant potential (AOP) were measured. After harvest, cherries were stored at 1°C and sampling was done after 0, 2, 4, 7 and 10 days. Cherry skin was removed, freeze dried and stored at -80°C till analyses. For NMR analyses, freeze dried cherry skins have been extracted with methanol-d4/trifluoroacetic acid-d solvent mixture. For other analyses, samples were extracted in 70% ethanol with 1% of formic acid. The 1D and 2D NMR spectral analysis confirmed that sugars (glucose, fructose, sucrose), organic acids (malic and citric acid), and phenolic compounds (neochlorogenic acid, cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside, and cyanidin 3-O-glucoside) are the main compounds in the cherry skin extracts. The 1H NMR spectral data have been subjected to multivariate analysis. Orthogonal projections to latent structures (OPLS) were applied to correlate the NMR data with the storage time. The changes in chemical composition among the samples with different storage time were clearly visible on the score plot. According to the goodness of fit of the model (R2=0.954), and its predictive ability (Q2=0.634), cherry skin extracts were well-correlated with the storage time. A positive correlation of the signals corresponding to glucose, neochlorogenic acid, cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside, and cyanidin 3-O-glucoside with the storage time of cherries has been observed on the loading plot. According to the loading plot, the increase in the content of glucose, neochlorogenic acid, cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside, and cyanidin 3-O-glucoside has been correlated with the storage time of cherries. Since polyphenolic compounds were found to correlate well with the storage time, the content of redox active compounds was further assessed with AOP, TPC and TFC. All these parameters were increasing for 7 days after harvest then started to decline slightly. The content of all three anthocyanidins increased 2 days after harvest then remained stable till the end of sampling period.
PB  - International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS)
C3  - Acta Horticulturae
T1  - Nuclear magnetic resonance as a tool for the assessment of postharvest changes in the metabolome of the skin of sweet cherry (                    Prunus avium                    L.)
IS  - 1235
SP  - 483
EP  - 488
DO  - 10.17660/ActaHortic.2019.1235.67
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Kokalj, Doris and Gođevac, Dejan and Anđelković, Boban D. and Cigić, Blaž and Zlatić, Emil and Hribar, Janez and Vidrih, Rajko",
year = "2019",
abstract = "A metabolomics approach based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, a rapid and simple technique, was used for the assessment of chemical changes of ‘Van’ sweet cherries during their storage. This approach affords a holistic analysis since NMR spectroscopy allows the simultaneous detection of diverse groups of secondary and primary metabolites, and reflects the real molar levels of the metabolites. Additionally, color parameters L*, a* and b*, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), anthocyanidins and total antioxidant potential (AOP) were measured. After harvest, cherries were stored at 1°C and sampling was done after 0, 2, 4, 7 and 10 days. Cherry skin was removed, freeze dried and stored at -80°C till analyses. For NMR analyses, freeze dried cherry skins have been extracted with methanol-d4/trifluoroacetic acid-d solvent mixture. For other analyses, samples were extracted in 70% ethanol with 1% of formic acid. The 1D and 2D NMR spectral analysis confirmed that sugars (glucose, fructose, sucrose), organic acids (malic and citric acid), and phenolic compounds (neochlorogenic acid, cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside, and cyanidin 3-O-glucoside) are the main compounds in the cherry skin extracts. The 1H NMR spectral data have been subjected to multivariate analysis. Orthogonal projections to latent structures (OPLS) were applied to correlate the NMR data with the storage time. The changes in chemical composition among the samples with different storage time were clearly visible on the score plot. According to the goodness of fit of the model (R2=0.954), and its predictive ability (Q2=0.634), cherry skin extracts were well-correlated with the storage time. A positive correlation of the signals corresponding to glucose, neochlorogenic acid, cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside, and cyanidin 3-O-glucoside with the storage time of cherries has been observed on the loading plot. According to the loading plot, the increase in the content of glucose, neochlorogenic acid, cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside, and cyanidin 3-O-glucoside has been correlated with the storage time of cherries. Since polyphenolic compounds were found to correlate well with the storage time, the content of redox active compounds was further assessed with AOP, TPC and TFC. All these parameters were increasing for 7 days after harvest then started to decline slightly. The content of all three anthocyanidins increased 2 days after harvest then remained stable till the end of sampling period.",
publisher = "International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS)",
journal = "Acta Horticulturae",
title = "Nuclear magnetic resonance as a tool for the assessment of postharvest changes in the metabolome of the skin of sweet cherry (                    Prunus avium                    L.)",
number = "1235",
pages = "483-488",
doi = "10.17660/ActaHortic.2019.1235.67"
}

Kokalj, D., Gođevac, D., Anđelković, B. D., Cigić, B., Zlatić, E., Hribar, J.,& Vidrih, R.. (2019). Nuclear magnetic resonance as a tool for the assessment of postharvest changes in the metabolome of the skin of sweet cherry (                    Prunus avium                    L.). in Acta Horticulturae
International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS).(1235), 483-488.
https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2019.1235.67

Kokalj D, Gođevac D, Anđelković BD, Cigić B, Zlatić E, Hribar J, Vidrih R. Nuclear magnetic resonance as a tool for the assessment of postharvest changes in the metabolome of the skin of sweet cherry (                    Prunus avium                    L.). in Acta Horticulturae. 2019;(1235):483-488.
doi:10.17660/ActaHortic.2019.1235.67 .

Kokalj, Doris, Gođevac, Dejan, Anđelković, Boban D., Cigić, Blaž, Zlatić, Emil, Hribar, Janez, Vidrih, Rajko, "Nuclear magnetic resonance as a tool for the assessment of postharvest changes in the metabolome of the skin of sweet cherry (                    Prunus avium                    L.)" in Acta Horticulturae, no. 1235 (2019):483-488,
https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2019.1235.67 . .