TY  - JOUR
AU  - Štrbac, Svetlana
AU  - Behm, Rolf Jürgen
AU  - Crown, Alechia
AU  - Wiȩckowski, Andrzej
PY  - 2002
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4340
AB  - Spontaneous deposition of ruthenium on Au(1 1 1) surfaces from 1.0 mM RuCl3 + 0.5 M H2SO4 (or 0.1 M HClO4) solutions was investigated by in situ STM and cyclic voltammetry, focusing on the morphology of the resulting submonolayer Ru modified surfaces. STM results show a pronounced step decoration, indicating that the steps are active sites for the nucleation of Ru monolayer islands, while a random distribution of Ru nuclei is observed on terraces. During deposition, the open circuit potential rapidly increases from 0.38 to above 0.72 V vs. (Ag/AgCl). Experiments with different deposition times show that deposition from sulfuric acid solution saturates after 3 min deposition, the island size reaches its saturation value of 2.8 nm after 1 min. Significantly higher deposition activities and saturation coverages are found for deposition from perchlorate solution and for deposition on highly stepped surfaces/surface areas, indicative of a pronounced anion effect and reflecting the higher activity of steps for Ru deposition, respectively. In both cases, in particular for deposition in perchlorate solution, islands grow to multilayer heights and assume hexagonal shapes. Finally it is shown that multiple deposition can be utilized to reach higher coverages, attaining step saturation also in sulfuric acid solution. The Ru modified Au(1 1 1) electrode was found to be inert for hydrogen adsorption, and the electrochemical results indicate that the ruthenium islands inhibit long-range ordering of the sulfate adlayer on the substrate.
PB  - Elsevier
T2  - Surface Science
T1  - In situ STM imaging of spontaneously deposited ruthenium on Au(111)
VL  - 517
IS  - 1-3
SP  - 207
EP  - 218
DO  - 10.1016/S0039-6028(02)02062-9
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Štrbac, Svetlana and Behm, Rolf Jürgen and Crown, Alechia and Wiȩckowski, Andrzej",
year = "2002",
abstract = "Spontaneous deposition of ruthenium on Au(1 1 1) surfaces from 1.0 mM RuCl3 + 0.5 M H2SO4 (or 0.1 M HClO4) solutions was investigated by in situ STM and cyclic voltammetry, focusing on the morphology of the resulting submonolayer Ru modified surfaces. STM results show a pronounced step decoration, indicating that the steps are active sites for the nucleation of Ru monolayer islands, while a random distribution of Ru nuclei is observed on terraces. During deposition, the open circuit potential rapidly increases from 0.38 to above 0.72 V vs. (Ag/AgCl). Experiments with different deposition times show that deposition from sulfuric acid solution saturates after 3 min deposition, the island size reaches its saturation value of 2.8 nm after 1 min. Significantly higher deposition activities and saturation coverages are found for deposition from perchlorate solution and for deposition on highly stepped surfaces/surface areas, indicative of a pronounced anion effect and reflecting the higher activity of steps for Ru deposition, respectively. In both cases, in particular for deposition in perchlorate solution, islands grow to multilayer heights and assume hexagonal shapes. Finally it is shown that multiple deposition can be utilized to reach higher coverages, attaining step saturation also in sulfuric acid solution. The Ru modified Au(1 1 1) electrode was found to be inert for hydrogen adsorption, and the electrochemical results indicate that the ruthenium islands inhibit long-range ordering of the sulfate adlayer on the substrate.",
publisher = "Elsevier",
journal = "Surface Science",
title = "In situ STM imaging of spontaneously deposited ruthenium on Au(111)",
volume = "517",
number = "1-3",
pages = "207-218",
doi = "10.1016/S0039-6028(02)02062-9"
}

Štrbac, S., Behm, R. J., Crown, A.,& Wiȩckowski, A.. (2002). In situ STM imaging of spontaneously deposited ruthenium on Au(111). in Surface Science
Elsevier., 517(1-3), 207-218.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0039-6028(02)02062-9

Štrbac S, Behm RJ, Crown A, Wiȩckowski A. In situ STM imaging of spontaneously deposited ruthenium on Au(111). in Surface Science. 2002;517(1-3):207-218.
doi:10.1016/S0039-6028(02)02062-9 .

Štrbac, Svetlana, Behm, Rolf Jürgen, Crown, Alechia, Wiȩckowski, Andrzej, "In situ STM imaging of spontaneously deposited ruthenium on Au(111)" in Surface Science, 517, no. 1-3 (2002):207-218,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0039-6028(02)02062-9 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Štrbac, Svetlana
AU  - Magnussen, Olaf Magnus
AU  - Behm, Rolf Jürgen
PY  - 2001
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4343
AB  - The electrochemical deposition of Ru on Au(111) was performed in 0.5 M H2SO4 + 10-4 M RuCl3. The obtained bimetallic Ru/Au(111) surfaces were characterised by cyclic voltammetry and in situ STM in 0.5 M H2SO4. The Ru deposit consists of nanoscale islands, which merge with increasing coverage. Two different types of bimetallic Ru/Au(111) surfaces with respect to the distribution of Ru islands over the Au(111) substrate surface were obtained. When the deposition was performed at potentials more positive than the range of Au(111) reconstruction, homogeneous nucleation occured resulting in a random distribution of Ru islands. When the deposition was performed on reconstructed Au(111) at low overpotentials, selective nucleation occured resulting in the replication of the Au(111) reconstruction. Only at higher deposition overpotentials, can multilayer deposits be formed, which exhibit a very rough surface morphology. The electrocatalytic activity of such structurally well defined Ru/Au(111) bimetallic surfaces was studied towards CO oxidation with the Ru coverage ranging from submonolayer to several monolayer. CO stripping commences at about 0.2 V and occurs over a broad potential range. The observed influence of the Ru structure on the CO stripping voltammetry is explained by local variations in the CO adsorption energy, caused by differences in the local Ru structure and by effects induced by the Au(111) substrate.
AB  - Ru je deponovan elektrohemijski na monokristalu Au(111) iz rastvora 0,5 M
H2SO4+10-4 M RuCl3. Karakterizacija dobijenih bimetalnih Ru/Au(111) površina je
izvedena cikličnom voltametrijom i in situ STM-om u 0,5MH2SO4 rastvoru. Depozit Ru
se sastoji od nanometarskih ostrva, koja se stapaju sa povećanjem pokrivenosti. U
odnosu na raspodelu ostrva Ru po površini Au(111) substrata, dobijena su dva razli-
čita tipa bimetalnih površina. Ako je depozicija izvedena na potencijalima pozitivnijim
od oblasti rekonstrukcije, tj. na nerekonstruisanoj Au(111) površini, dobija
se neuređena raspodela ostrva Ru. Ako je depozicija izvedena na rekonstruisanoj
Au(111) površini na maloj prenapetosti, dobija se selektivni rast ostrva Ru, što
rezultuje u replici rekonstrukcije. Samo na većim prenapetostima, formira se
višeslojni depozit, sa veoma grubom površinskom morfologijom. Ispitivana je
elektrokatalitička aktivnost za oksidaciju CO ovakvih strukturno definisanih
bimetalnih Ru/Au(111) površina, sa pokrivenošću Ru manjom od monosloja do nekoliko
monoslojeva. Oksidacija CO počinje na oko 0,2 V i odigrava se u širokoj oblasti
potencijala. Uticaj strukture depozita Ru na oksidaciju CO se objašnjava varijacijama
u energiji adsorpcijeCOzbog različite lokalne strukture deponovanih ostrva Ru.
PB  - Belgrade : Serbian Chemical Society
T2  - Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society
T1  - Carbon monoxide oxidation on bimetallic Ru/Au(111) surfaces
T1  - Оксидација CO на биметалним Ru/Au(111) површинама
VL  - 66
IS  - 2
SP  - 119
EP  - 129
DO  - 10.2298/jsc0102119s
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Štrbac, Svetlana and Magnussen, Olaf Magnus and Behm, Rolf Jürgen",
year = "2001",
abstract = "The electrochemical deposition of Ru on Au(111) was performed in 0.5 M H2SO4 + 10-4 M RuCl3. The obtained bimetallic Ru/Au(111) surfaces were characterised by cyclic voltammetry and in situ STM in 0.5 M H2SO4. The Ru deposit consists of nanoscale islands, which merge with increasing coverage. Two different types of bimetallic Ru/Au(111) surfaces with respect to the distribution of Ru islands over the Au(111) substrate surface were obtained. When the deposition was performed at potentials more positive than the range of Au(111) reconstruction, homogeneous nucleation occured resulting in a random distribution of Ru islands. When the deposition was performed on reconstructed Au(111) at low overpotentials, selective nucleation occured resulting in the replication of the Au(111) reconstruction. Only at higher deposition overpotentials, can multilayer deposits be formed, which exhibit a very rough surface morphology. The electrocatalytic activity of such structurally well defined Ru/Au(111) bimetallic surfaces was studied towards CO oxidation with the Ru coverage ranging from submonolayer to several monolayer. CO stripping commences at about 0.2 V and occurs over a broad potential range. The observed influence of the Ru structure on the CO stripping voltammetry is explained by local variations in the CO adsorption energy, caused by differences in the local Ru structure and by effects induced by the Au(111) substrate., Ru je deponovan elektrohemijski na monokristalu Au(111) iz rastvora 0,5 M
H2SO4+10-4 M RuCl3. Karakterizacija dobijenih bimetalnih Ru/Au(111) površina je
izvedena cikličnom voltametrijom i in situ STM-om u 0,5MH2SO4 rastvoru. Depozit Ru
se sastoji od nanometarskih ostrva, koja se stapaju sa povećanjem pokrivenosti. U
odnosu na raspodelu ostrva Ru po površini Au(111) substrata, dobijena su dva razli-
čita tipa bimetalnih površina. Ako je depozicija izvedena na potencijalima pozitivnijim
od oblasti rekonstrukcije, tj. na nerekonstruisanoj Au(111) površini, dobija
se neuređena raspodela ostrva Ru. Ako je depozicija izvedena na rekonstruisanoj
Au(111) površini na maloj prenapetosti, dobija se selektivni rast ostrva Ru, što
rezultuje u replici rekonstrukcije. Samo na većim prenapetostima, formira se
višeslojni depozit, sa veoma grubom površinskom morfologijom. Ispitivana je
elektrokatalitička aktivnost za oksidaciju CO ovakvih strukturno definisanih
bimetalnih Ru/Au(111) površina, sa pokrivenošću Ru manjom od monosloja do nekoliko
monoslojeva. Oksidacija CO počinje na oko 0,2 V i odigrava se u širokoj oblasti
potencijala. Uticaj strukture depozita Ru na oksidaciju CO se objašnjava varijacijama
u energiji adsorpcijeCOzbog različite lokalne strukture deponovanih ostrva Ru.",
publisher = "Belgrade : Serbian Chemical Society",
journal = "Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society",
title = "Carbon monoxide oxidation on bimetallic Ru/Au(111) surfaces, Оксидација CO на биметалним Ru/Au(111) површинама",
volume = "66",
number = "2",
pages = "119-129",
doi = "10.2298/jsc0102119s"
}

Štrbac, S., Magnussen, O. M.,& Behm, R. J.. (2001). Carbon monoxide oxidation on bimetallic Ru/Au(111) surfaces. in Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society
Belgrade : Serbian Chemical Society., 66(2), 119-129.
https://doi.org/10.2298/jsc0102119s

Štrbac S, Magnussen OM, Behm RJ. Carbon monoxide oxidation on bimetallic Ru/Au(111) surfaces. in Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society. 2001;66(2):119-129.
doi:10.2298/jsc0102119s .

Štrbac, Svetlana, Magnussen, Olaf Magnus, Behm, Rolf Jürgen, "Carbon monoxide oxidation on bimetallic Ru/Au(111) surfaces" in Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, 66, no. 2 (2001):119-129,
https://doi.org/10.2298/jsc0102119s . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Štrbac, Svetlana
AU  - Magnussen, Olaf Magnus
AU  - Behm, Rolf Jürgen
PY  - 2001
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4344
AB  - The spontaneous deposition of Ru on Au(111) was performed in 10-3 M RuCl3-0.5 M H2SO4 solution. The obtained surface was characterized by STM under potential control in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution. The coverage of the Au(111) terraces by deposited Ru was estimated by STM to be 0.02 ML. Step decoration could be noticed in the STM images, which indicates that the steps, as lined defects, are active sites for the nucleation of Ru monolayer islands, while the random distribution of Ru nuclei, observed on the terraces indicates point defects as active sites. The electrocatalytic activity of Au(111) surface modified by spontaneously deposited Ru was studied towards CO oxidation. The significant enhancement in the reaction rate compared to CO oxidation on a pure Au(111) surface, indicated that the edges of the deposited Ru islands were the active sites for the reaction.
AB  - Ru je deponovan spontano na monokristalu Au(111) iz rastvora 10-3MRuCl3 + 0.5
MH2SO4. Karakterizacija dobijene površine je izvedena in situ STM-om u 0.5MH2SO4.
Pokrivenost Au(111) površine deponovanim Ru na terasama je bila 0,02 ML. Na STM
slikama se uočava dekoracija stepenica depozitom, što ukazuje da su stepenice, kao
linijski defekti, aktivna mesta za nukelaciju ostrva Ru, dok neravnomerna raspodela
ostrva Ru na terasama ukazuje na tačkaste defekte kao aktivna mesta. Ispitivana je
elektrokatalitička aktivnost Au(111) površine modifikovane spontano deponovanim
Ru za oksidaciju CO. Značajno povećanje brzine reakcije na Ru/Au(111) površini u
poređenju sa reakcijom na čistoj Au(111) površini, ukazuje da su ivice deponovanih
ostvra Ru aktivna mesta za reakciju.
PB  - Belgrade : Serbian Chemical Society
T2  - Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society
T1  - Carbon monoxide oxidation on a Au(111) surface modified by spontaneously deposited Ru
T1  - Оксидација CO на Au(111) површини модификованој спонтано депонованим  Ru
VL  - 66
IS  - 4
SP  - 281
EP  - 287
DO  - 10.2298/jsc0104281s
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Štrbac, Svetlana and Magnussen, Olaf Magnus and Behm, Rolf Jürgen",
year = "2001",
abstract = "The spontaneous deposition of Ru on Au(111) was performed in 10-3 M RuCl3-0.5 M H2SO4 solution. The obtained surface was characterized by STM under potential control in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution. The coverage of the Au(111) terraces by deposited Ru was estimated by STM to be 0.02 ML. Step decoration could be noticed in the STM images, which indicates that the steps, as lined defects, are active sites for the nucleation of Ru monolayer islands, while the random distribution of Ru nuclei, observed on the terraces indicates point defects as active sites. The electrocatalytic activity of Au(111) surface modified by spontaneously deposited Ru was studied towards CO oxidation. The significant enhancement in the reaction rate compared to CO oxidation on a pure Au(111) surface, indicated that the edges of the deposited Ru islands were the active sites for the reaction., Ru je deponovan spontano na monokristalu Au(111) iz rastvora 10-3MRuCl3 + 0.5
MH2SO4. Karakterizacija dobijene površine je izvedena in situ STM-om u 0.5MH2SO4.
Pokrivenost Au(111) površine deponovanim Ru na terasama je bila 0,02 ML. Na STM
slikama se uočava dekoracija stepenica depozitom, što ukazuje da su stepenice, kao
linijski defekti, aktivna mesta za nukelaciju ostrva Ru, dok neravnomerna raspodela
ostrva Ru na terasama ukazuje na tačkaste defekte kao aktivna mesta. Ispitivana je
elektrokatalitička aktivnost Au(111) površine modifikovane spontano deponovanim
Ru za oksidaciju CO. Značajno povećanje brzine reakcije na Ru/Au(111) površini u
poređenju sa reakcijom na čistoj Au(111) površini, ukazuje da su ivice deponovanih
ostvra Ru aktivna mesta za reakciju.",
publisher = "Belgrade : Serbian Chemical Society",
journal = "Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society",
title = "Carbon monoxide oxidation on a Au(111) surface modified by spontaneously deposited Ru, Оксидација CO на Au(111) површини модификованој спонтано депонованим  Ru",
volume = "66",
number = "4",
pages = "281-287",
doi = "10.2298/jsc0104281s"
}

Štrbac, S., Magnussen, O. M.,& Behm, R. J.. (2001). Carbon monoxide oxidation on a Au(111) surface modified by spontaneously deposited Ru. in Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society
Belgrade : Serbian Chemical Society., 66(4), 281-287.
https://doi.org/10.2298/jsc0104281s

Štrbac S, Magnussen OM, Behm RJ. Carbon monoxide oxidation on a Au(111) surface modified by spontaneously deposited Ru. in Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society. 2001;66(4):281-287.
doi:10.2298/jsc0104281s .

Štrbac, Svetlana, Magnussen, Olaf Magnus, Behm, Rolf Jürgen, "Carbon monoxide oxidation on a Au(111) surface modified by spontaneously deposited Ru" in Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, 66, no. 4 (2001):281-287,
https://doi.org/10.2298/jsc0104281s . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Štrbac, Svetlana
AU  - Maroun, Fouad
AU  - Magnussen, Olaf Magnus
AU  - Behm, Rolf Jürgen
PY  - 2001
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4345
AB  - In order to elucidate electronic effects on the oxidation of CO on small Ru clusters, we investigated this reaction on well defined Ru/Au(111) model systems via parallel in-situ STM studies of the structure and electrochemical deposition of Ru on Au(111) in H2SO4 solution and cyclic voltammetry of CO monolayer oxidation on these surfaces. The Ru deposit consists of nanoscale islands, which coalesce with increasing coverage. The Ru saturation coverage depends on the deposition potential, resulting in Ru submonolayer (>0.1 V), (defective) monolayer (≥ -0.1 V), and multilayer films (< -0.1 V). At potentials > 0.6 V irreversible formation of Ru oxide/hydroxide species is observed, which can be partly reduced in the range 0.4 to 0.0 V. CO stripping commences at ≈0.1 V and occurs over a broad potential range. From the stripping charge a local CO coverage on the Ru monolayer islands of 0.7 ML was estimated. The observed influence of the morphology of the Ru deposit on the CO stripping voltammetry is explained by (local) variations in the CO adsorption energy due to electronic modifications of the Ru film.
PB  - Elsevier
T2  - Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
T1  - The structure, growth and reactivity of electrodeposited Ru/Au(111) surfaces
VL  - 500
IS  - 1-2
SP  - 479
EP  - 490
DO  - 10.1016/S0022-0728(00)00471-X
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Štrbac, Svetlana and Maroun, Fouad and Magnussen, Olaf Magnus and Behm, Rolf Jürgen",
year = "2001",
abstract = "In order to elucidate electronic effects on the oxidation of CO on small Ru clusters, we investigated this reaction on well defined Ru/Au(111) model systems via parallel in-situ STM studies of the structure and electrochemical deposition of Ru on Au(111) in H2SO4 solution and cyclic voltammetry of CO monolayer oxidation on these surfaces. The Ru deposit consists of nanoscale islands, which coalesce with increasing coverage. The Ru saturation coverage depends on the deposition potential, resulting in Ru submonolayer (>0.1 V), (defective) monolayer (≥ -0.1 V), and multilayer films (< -0.1 V). At potentials > 0.6 V irreversible formation of Ru oxide/hydroxide species is observed, which can be partly reduced in the range 0.4 to 0.0 V. CO stripping commences at ≈0.1 V and occurs over a broad potential range. From the stripping charge a local CO coverage on the Ru monolayer islands of 0.7 ML was estimated. The observed influence of the morphology of the Ru deposit on the CO stripping voltammetry is explained by (local) variations in the CO adsorption energy due to electronic modifications of the Ru film.",
publisher = "Elsevier",
journal = "Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry",
title = "The structure, growth and reactivity of electrodeposited Ru/Au(111) surfaces",
volume = "500",
number = "1-2",
pages = "479-490",
doi = "10.1016/S0022-0728(00)00471-X"
}

Štrbac, S., Maroun, F., Magnussen, O. M.,& Behm, R. J.. (2001). The structure, growth and reactivity of electrodeposited Ru/Au(111) surfaces. in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
Elsevier., 500(1-2), 479-490.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0728(00)00471-X

Štrbac S, Maroun F, Magnussen OM, Behm RJ. The structure, growth and reactivity of electrodeposited Ru/Au(111) surfaces. in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry. 2001;500(1-2):479-490.
doi:10.1016/S0022-0728(00)00471-X .

Štrbac, Svetlana, Maroun, Fouad, Magnussen, Olaf Magnus, Behm, Rolf Jürgen, "The structure, growth and reactivity of electrodeposited Ru/Au(111) surfaces" in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 500, no. 1-2 (2001):479-490,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0728(00)00471-X . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Štrbac, Svetlana
AU  - Magnussen, Olaf Magnus
AU  - Behm, Rolf Jürgen
PY  - 1999
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4351
AB  - Scanning tunneling microscopy results on Ru electrodeposition on reconstructed Au(111) are presented, which show a novel type of site-selective nucleation on this surface. At potentials around 0.0 V vs the Ag/AgCl reference electrode, nucleation of Ru monolayer islands proceeds almost exclusively in the fcc regions of the reconstructed surface rather than at the elbow sites as commonly found for metal/Au(111) systems. These results provide a link between nucleation on two-dimensional and uniaxial dislocation networks. The nucleation behavior allows the formation of well-defined nm-scale admetal structures which replicate the reconstruction pattern.
PB  - USA : American Physical Society
T2  - Physical Review Letters
T1  - Nanoscale pattern formation during electrodeposition: Ru on reconstructed au(111)
VL  - 83
IS  - 16
SP  - 3246
EP  - 3249
DO  - 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.3246
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Štrbac, Svetlana and Magnussen, Olaf Magnus and Behm, Rolf Jürgen",
year = "1999",
abstract = "Scanning tunneling microscopy results on Ru electrodeposition on reconstructed Au(111) are presented, which show a novel type of site-selective nucleation on this surface. At potentials around 0.0 V vs the Ag/AgCl reference electrode, nucleation of Ru monolayer islands proceeds almost exclusively in the fcc regions of the reconstructed surface rather than at the elbow sites as commonly found for metal/Au(111) systems. These results provide a link between nucleation on two-dimensional and uniaxial dislocation networks. The nucleation behavior allows the formation of well-defined nm-scale admetal structures which replicate the reconstruction pattern.",
publisher = "USA : American Physical Society",
journal = "Physical Review Letters",
title = "Nanoscale pattern formation during electrodeposition: Ru on reconstructed au(111)",
volume = "83",
number = "16",
pages = "3246-3249",
doi = "10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.3246"
}

Štrbac, S., Magnussen, O. M.,& Behm, R. J.. (1999). Nanoscale pattern formation during electrodeposition: Ru on reconstructed au(111). in Physical Review Letters
USA : American Physical Society., 83(16), 3246-3249.
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.3246

Štrbac S, Magnussen OM, Behm RJ. Nanoscale pattern formation during electrodeposition: Ru on reconstructed au(111). in Physical Review Letters. 1999;83(16):3246-3249.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.3246 .

Štrbac, Svetlana, Magnussen, Olaf Magnus, Behm, Rolf Jürgen, "Nanoscale pattern formation during electrodeposition: Ru on reconstructed au(111)" in Physical Review Letters, 83, no. 16 (1999):3246-3249,
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.3246 . .