TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lović, Jelena
AU  - Stevanović, Sanja
AU  - Tripković, Dušan
AU  - Tripković, Amalija
AU  - Stevanović, Rade M.
AU  - Jovanović, Vladislava M.
AU  - Popović, Ksenija
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1620
AB  - Formic acid oxidation was examined on platinum-bismuth deposits on glassy carbon substrate prepared by two-step process, i.e., electrochemical deposition of Bi followed by electrochemical deposition of Pt as described in our previous article (J Electrochem Soc 161:H547-H554, 2014). Upon treatment of as-prepared clusters by slow anodic sweep, bimetallic structure consisting of Bi core occluded by Pt and Bi-oxide was obtained and exhibited significant activity and exceptional stability in HCOOH oxidation. In order to explain such electrocatalytic stability, in this work, the electrochemical properties of Pt"Bi/GC catalyst were investigated applying same protocols in supporting electrolyte with or without HCOOH and compared with Pt/GC. The protocols comprised potentiodynamic, quasi-steady-state, and chronoamperometric measurements combined with the surface characterization by COads stripping voltammetry. Application of potential cycling at Pt"Bi/GC electrode in supporting electrolyte containing HCOOH leads to minor change in surface morphology, mildly leaching of Bi from the electrode surface, and negligible decrease in activity. On the other hand, significant Bi dissolution and considerable decrease in activity are the effects of the same treatment without HCOOH. Contrary to Pt"Bi/GC, Pt/GC electrodes subjected to the same protocols exhibit completely opposite properties being more stabile during potential cycling without HCOOH than in the presence of this acid. Exceptional stability in formic acid oxidation of Pt"Bi/GC catalyst is thus most probably the result of the combination of predominant dehydrogenation path of the reaction, suppressed Bi leaching, and compensation of dissolved Bi from the core as its source due to which surface morphology endured minor changes.
PB  - Springer, New York
T2  - Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry
T1  - Insight into electrocatalytic stability of low loading Pt-Bi/GC and Pt/GC clusters in formic acid oxidation
VL  - 19
IS  - 8
SP  - 2223
EP  - 2233
DO  - 10.1007/s10008-015-2841-8
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Lović, Jelena and Stevanović, Sanja and Tripković, Dušan and Tripković, Amalija and Stevanović, Rade M. and Jovanović, Vladislava M. and Popović, Ksenija",
year = "2015",
abstract = "Formic acid oxidation was examined on platinum-bismuth deposits on glassy carbon substrate prepared by two-step process, i.e., electrochemical deposition of Bi followed by electrochemical deposition of Pt as described in our previous article (J Electrochem Soc 161:H547-H554, 2014). Upon treatment of as-prepared clusters by slow anodic sweep, bimetallic structure consisting of Bi core occluded by Pt and Bi-oxide was obtained and exhibited significant activity and exceptional stability in HCOOH oxidation. In order to explain such electrocatalytic stability, in this work, the electrochemical properties of Pt"Bi/GC catalyst were investigated applying same protocols in supporting electrolyte with or without HCOOH and compared with Pt/GC. The protocols comprised potentiodynamic, quasi-steady-state, and chronoamperometric measurements combined with the surface characterization by COads stripping voltammetry. Application of potential cycling at Pt"Bi/GC electrode in supporting electrolyte containing HCOOH leads to minor change in surface morphology, mildly leaching of Bi from the electrode surface, and negligible decrease in activity. On the other hand, significant Bi dissolution and considerable decrease in activity are the effects of the same treatment without HCOOH. Contrary to Pt"Bi/GC, Pt/GC electrodes subjected to the same protocols exhibit completely opposite properties being more stabile during potential cycling without HCOOH than in the presence of this acid. Exceptional stability in formic acid oxidation of Pt"Bi/GC catalyst is thus most probably the result of the combination of predominant dehydrogenation path of the reaction, suppressed Bi leaching, and compensation of dissolved Bi from the core as its source due to which surface morphology endured minor changes.",
publisher = "Springer, New York",
journal = "Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry",
title = "Insight into electrocatalytic stability of low loading Pt-Bi/GC and Pt/GC clusters in formic acid oxidation",
volume = "19",
number = "8",
pages = "2223-2233",
doi = "10.1007/s10008-015-2841-8"
}

Lović, J., Stevanović, S., Tripković, D., Tripković, A., Stevanović, R. M., Jovanović, V. M.,& Popović, K.. (2015). Insight into electrocatalytic stability of low loading Pt-Bi/GC and Pt/GC clusters in formic acid oxidation. in Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry
Springer, New York., 19(8), 2223-2233.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-015-2841-8

Lović J, Stevanović S, Tripković D, Tripković A, Stevanović RM, Jovanović VM, Popović K. Insight into electrocatalytic stability of low loading Pt-Bi/GC and Pt/GC clusters in formic acid oxidation. in Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry. 2015;19(8):2223-2233.
doi:10.1007/s10008-015-2841-8 .

Lović, Jelena, Stevanović, Sanja, Tripković, Dušan, Tripković, Amalija, Stevanović, Rade M., Jovanović, Vladislava M., Popović, Ksenija, "Insight into electrocatalytic stability of low loading Pt-Bi/GC and Pt/GC clusters in formic acid oxidation" in Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 19, no. 8 (2015):2223-2233,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-015-2841-8 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lović, Jelena
AU  - Stevanović, Sanja
AU  - Tripković, Dušan
AU  - Jovanović, Vladislava M.
AU  - Stevanović, Rade M.
AU  - Tripković, Amalija
AU  - Popović, Ksenija
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1473
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3161
AB  - Formic acid oxidation was studied on platinum-coated bismuth deposits on glassy carbon substrate. The catalyst was prepared by a two-step process using chronocoulometry, i.e. controlled amount of Bi was electrodeposited onto glassy carbon followed by electrodeposition of Pt layer. The amount of Pt was constant while the amount of Bi vary to correspond the molar ratio of Pt:Bi = 1:0.1 or 1:1 or 1:10. AFM characterization of the electrode surface indicates that Pt is deposited preferentially on previously formed Bi particles, but cyclic voltammetry revealed Bi leaching meaning that Bi was not completely occluded by Pt. In order to obtain stable electrode surface, deposits were subjected to potential cycling up to 1.2 V vs. SCE in supporting electrolyte, prior to use as catalysts for formic acid oxidation. On this way the electrodes composed of Bi core occluded by Pt and Bi-oxide surface layers were obtained. The Pt(Bi)/GC electrodes exhibit enhanced electrocatalytic activity in comparison to Pt/GC for formic acid oxidation which depends on composition and surface morphology. High currents and onset potential shifted to negative values indicate a significant increase in direct path what is explained through ensemble effect induced by Bi-oxide species interrupting Pt domains. Electronic modification of Pt both by surface and sub-surface Bi can play some role as well. Significantly prolonged potential cycling in supporting electrolyte of previously stabilized Pt(Bi)/GC electrodes by Bi oxide, led to considerably lower Bi leaching accompanied by dissolution and redeposition of Pt and the outcome of this treatment was Pt shell over Bi core. These Pt"Bi/GC catalysts also exhibit higher activity for HCOOH oxidation in comparison to Pt/GC depending on the quantity of Bi remained under Pt shell, but in this case the improvement is induced solely by electronic effect of under-laying Bi.
PB  - Elsevier
T2  - Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
T1  - Catalytic activities of Pt thin films electrodeposited onto Bi coated glassy carbon substrate toward formic acid electrooxidation
VL  - 735
SP  - 1
EP  - 9
DO  - 10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.09.036
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Lović, Jelena and Stevanović, Sanja and Tripković, Dušan and Jovanović, Vladislava M. and Stevanović, Rade M. and Tripković, Amalija and Popović, Ksenija",
year = "2014",
abstract = "Formic acid oxidation was studied on platinum-coated bismuth deposits on glassy carbon substrate. The catalyst was prepared by a two-step process using chronocoulometry, i.e. controlled amount of Bi was electrodeposited onto glassy carbon followed by electrodeposition of Pt layer. The amount of Pt was constant while the amount of Bi vary to correspond the molar ratio of Pt:Bi = 1:0.1 or 1:1 or 1:10. AFM characterization of the electrode surface indicates that Pt is deposited preferentially on previously formed Bi particles, but cyclic voltammetry revealed Bi leaching meaning that Bi was not completely occluded by Pt. In order to obtain stable electrode surface, deposits were subjected to potential cycling up to 1.2 V vs. SCE in supporting electrolyte, prior to use as catalysts for formic acid oxidation. On this way the electrodes composed of Bi core occluded by Pt and Bi-oxide surface layers were obtained. The Pt(Bi)/GC electrodes exhibit enhanced electrocatalytic activity in comparison to Pt/GC for formic acid oxidation which depends on composition and surface morphology. High currents and onset potential shifted to negative values indicate a significant increase in direct path what is explained through ensemble effect induced by Bi-oxide species interrupting Pt domains. Electronic modification of Pt both by surface and sub-surface Bi can play some role as well. Significantly prolonged potential cycling in supporting electrolyte of previously stabilized Pt(Bi)/GC electrodes by Bi oxide, led to considerably lower Bi leaching accompanied by dissolution and redeposition of Pt and the outcome of this treatment was Pt shell over Bi core. These Pt"Bi/GC catalysts also exhibit higher activity for HCOOH oxidation in comparison to Pt/GC depending on the quantity of Bi remained under Pt shell, but in this case the improvement is induced solely by electronic effect of under-laying Bi.",
publisher = "Elsevier",
journal = "Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry",
title = "Catalytic activities of Pt thin films electrodeposited onto Bi coated glassy carbon substrate toward formic acid electrooxidation",
volume = "735",
pages = "1-9",
doi = "10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.09.036"
}

Lović, J., Stevanović, S., Tripković, D., Jovanović, V. M., Stevanović, R. M., Tripković, A.,& Popović, K.. (2014). Catalytic activities of Pt thin films electrodeposited onto Bi coated glassy carbon substrate toward formic acid electrooxidation. in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
Elsevier., 735, 1-9.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.09.036

Lović J, Stevanović S, Tripković D, Jovanović VM, Stevanović RM, Tripković A, Popović K. Catalytic activities of Pt thin films electrodeposited onto Bi coated glassy carbon substrate toward formic acid electrooxidation. in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry. 2014;735:1-9.
doi:10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.09.036 .

Lović, Jelena, Stevanović, Sanja, Tripković, Dušan, Jovanović, Vladislava M., Stevanović, Rade M., Tripković, Amalija, Popović, Ksenija, "Catalytic activities of Pt thin films electrodeposited onto Bi coated glassy carbon substrate toward formic acid electrooxidation" in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 735 (2014):1-9,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.09.036 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lović, Jelena
AU  - Stevanović, Sanja
AU  - Tripković, Dušan
AU  - Jovanović, Vladislava M.
AU  - Stevanović, Rade M.
AU  - Tripković, Amalija
AU  - Popović, Ksenija
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1473
AB  - Formic acid oxidation was studied on platinum-coated bismuth deposits on glassy carbon substrate. The catalyst was prepared by a two-step process using chronocoulometry, i.e. controlled amount of Bi was electrodeposited onto glassy carbon followed by electrodeposition of Pt layer. The amount of Pt was constant while the amount of Bi vary to correspond the molar ratio of Pt:Bi = 1:0.1 or 1:1 or 1:10. AFM characterization of the electrode surface indicates that Pt is deposited preferentially on previously formed Bi particles, but cyclic voltammetry revealed Bi leaching meaning that Bi was not completely occluded by Pt. In order to obtain stable electrode surface, deposits were subjected to potential cycling up to 1.2 V vs. SCE in supporting electrolyte, prior to use as catalysts for formic acid oxidation. On this way the electrodes composed of Bi core occluded by Pt and Bi-oxide surface layers were obtained. The Pt(Bi)/GC electrodes exhibit enhanced electrocatalytic activity in comparison to Pt/GC for formic acid oxidation which depends on composition and surface morphology. High currents and onset potential shifted to negative values indicate a significant increase in direct path what is explained through ensemble effect induced by Bi-oxide species interrupting Pt domains. Electronic modification of Pt both by surface and sub-surface Bi can play some role as well. Significantly prolonged potential cycling in supporting electrolyte of previously stabilized Pt(Bi)/GC electrodes by Bi oxide, led to considerably lower Bi leaching accompanied by dissolution and redeposition of Pt and the outcome of this treatment was Pt shell over Bi core. These Pt"Bi/GC catalysts also exhibit higher activity for HCOOH oxidation in comparison to Pt/GC depending on the quantity of Bi remained under Pt shell, but in this case the improvement is induced solely by electronic effect of under-laying Bi.
PB  - Elsevier
T2  - Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
T1  - Catalytic activities of Pt thin films electrodeposited onto Bi coated glassy carbon substrate toward formic acid electrooxidation
VL  - 735
SP  - 1
EP  - 9
DO  - 10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.09.036
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Lović, Jelena and Stevanović, Sanja and Tripković, Dušan and Jovanović, Vladislava M. and Stevanović, Rade M. and Tripković, Amalija and Popović, Ksenija",
year = "2014",
abstract = "Formic acid oxidation was studied on platinum-coated bismuth deposits on glassy carbon substrate. The catalyst was prepared by a two-step process using chronocoulometry, i.e. controlled amount of Bi was electrodeposited onto glassy carbon followed by electrodeposition of Pt layer. The amount of Pt was constant while the amount of Bi vary to correspond the molar ratio of Pt:Bi = 1:0.1 or 1:1 or 1:10. AFM characterization of the electrode surface indicates that Pt is deposited preferentially on previously formed Bi particles, but cyclic voltammetry revealed Bi leaching meaning that Bi was not completely occluded by Pt. In order to obtain stable electrode surface, deposits were subjected to potential cycling up to 1.2 V vs. SCE in supporting electrolyte, prior to use as catalysts for formic acid oxidation. On this way the electrodes composed of Bi core occluded by Pt and Bi-oxide surface layers were obtained. The Pt(Bi)/GC electrodes exhibit enhanced electrocatalytic activity in comparison to Pt/GC for formic acid oxidation which depends on composition and surface morphology. High currents and onset potential shifted to negative values indicate a significant increase in direct path what is explained through ensemble effect induced by Bi-oxide species interrupting Pt domains. Electronic modification of Pt both by surface and sub-surface Bi can play some role as well. Significantly prolonged potential cycling in supporting electrolyte of previously stabilized Pt(Bi)/GC electrodes by Bi oxide, led to considerably lower Bi leaching accompanied by dissolution and redeposition of Pt and the outcome of this treatment was Pt shell over Bi core. These Pt"Bi/GC catalysts also exhibit higher activity for HCOOH oxidation in comparison to Pt/GC depending on the quantity of Bi remained under Pt shell, but in this case the improvement is induced solely by electronic effect of under-laying Bi.",
publisher = "Elsevier",
journal = "Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry",
title = "Catalytic activities of Pt thin films electrodeposited onto Bi coated glassy carbon substrate toward formic acid electrooxidation",
volume = "735",
pages = "1-9",
doi = "10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.09.036"
}

Lović, J., Stevanović, S., Tripković, D., Jovanović, V. M., Stevanović, R. M., Tripković, A.,& Popović, K.. (2014). Catalytic activities of Pt thin films electrodeposited onto Bi coated glassy carbon substrate toward formic acid electrooxidation. in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
Elsevier., 735, 1-9.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.09.036

Lović J, Stevanović S, Tripković D, Jovanović VM, Stevanović RM, Tripković A, Popović K. Catalytic activities of Pt thin films electrodeposited onto Bi coated glassy carbon substrate toward formic acid electrooxidation. in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry. 2014;735:1-9.
doi:10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.09.036 .

Lović, Jelena, Stevanović, Sanja, Tripković, Dušan, Jovanović, Vladislava M., Stevanović, Rade M., Tripković, Amalija, Popović, Ksenija, "Catalytic activities of Pt thin films electrodeposited onto Bi coated glassy carbon substrate toward formic acid electrooxidation" in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 735 (2014):1-9,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.09.036 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lović, Jelena
AU  - Stevanović, Sanja
AU  - Tripković, Dušan
AU  - Tripković, Vladimir
AU  - Stevanović, Rade M.
AU  - Popović, Ksenija
AU  - Jovanović, Vladislava M.
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1553
AB  - Formic acid oxidation was studied on platinum-bismuth deposits on glassy carbon (GC) substrate. The catalysts of equimolar ratio were prepared by potentiostatic deposition using chronocoulometry. Bimetallic structures obtained by two-step process, comprising deposition of Bi followed by deposition of Pt, were characterized by AFM spectroscopy which indicated that Pt crystallizes preferentially onto previously formed Bi particles. The issue of Bi leaching (dissolution) from PtBi catalysts, and their catalytic effect alongside the HCOOH oxidation is rather unresolved. In order to control Bi dissolution, deposits were subjected to electrochemical oxidation, in the relevant potential range and supporting electrolyte, prior to use as catalysts for HCOOH oxidation. Anodic striping charges indicated that along oxidation procedure most of deposited Bi was oxidized. ICP mass spectroscopy analysis of the electrolyte after this electrochemical treatment revealed that Bi was only partly dissolved indicating the possibility for formation of some Bi oxide species. Moreover, EDX analysis of the as prepared (Pt"Bi/GC) catalysts and those oxidized confirmed appreciably higher content of oxygen in the latter. Catalysts prepared in this way exhibit about 10 times higher activity for formic acid oxidation in comparison to pure Pt, as revealed both by potentiodynamic and quasy-potentiostatic measurements. This high activity is the result of well-balanced ensemble effect induced by Bi-oxide species interrupting Pt domains. Prolonged cycling and chronoamperometry tests disclosed exceptional stability of the catalyst during formic acid oxidation. The activity is compatible with the activity of previously studied Pt2Bi alloy but the stability is significantly better.
PB  - Electrochemical Soc Inc, Pennington
T2  - Journal of the Electrochemical Society
T1  - Formic Acid Oxidation at Platinum-Bismuth Clusters
VL  - 161
IS  - 9
DO  - 10.1149/2.0831409jes
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Lović, Jelena and Stevanović, Sanja and Tripković, Dušan and Tripković, Vladimir and Stevanović, Rade M. and Popović, Ksenija and Jovanović, Vladislava M.",
year = "2014",
abstract = "Formic acid oxidation was studied on platinum-bismuth deposits on glassy carbon (GC) substrate. The catalysts of equimolar ratio were prepared by potentiostatic deposition using chronocoulometry. Bimetallic structures obtained by two-step process, comprising deposition of Bi followed by deposition of Pt, were characterized by AFM spectroscopy which indicated that Pt crystallizes preferentially onto previously formed Bi particles. The issue of Bi leaching (dissolution) from PtBi catalysts, and their catalytic effect alongside the HCOOH oxidation is rather unresolved. In order to control Bi dissolution, deposits were subjected to electrochemical oxidation, in the relevant potential range and supporting electrolyte, prior to use as catalysts for HCOOH oxidation. Anodic striping charges indicated that along oxidation procedure most of deposited Bi was oxidized. ICP mass spectroscopy analysis of the electrolyte after this electrochemical treatment revealed that Bi was only partly dissolved indicating the possibility for formation of some Bi oxide species. Moreover, EDX analysis of the as prepared (Pt"Bi/GC) catalysts and those oxidized confirmed appreciably higher content of oxygen in the latter. Catalysts prepared in this way exhibit about 10 times higher activity for formic acid oxidation in comparison to pure Pt, as revealed both by potentiodynamic and quasy-potentiostatic measurements. This high activity is the result of well-balanced ensemble effect induced by Bi-oxide species interrupting Pt domains. Prolonged cycling and chronoamperometry tests disclosed exceptional stability of the catalyst during formic acid oxidation. The activity is compatible with the activity of previously studied Pt2Bi alloy but the stability is significantly better.",
publisher = "Electrochemical Soc Inc, Pennington",
journal = "Journal of the Electrochemical Society",
title = "Formic Acid Oxidation at Platinum-Bismuth Clusters",
volume = "161",
number = "9",
doi = "10.1149/2.0831409jes"
}

Lović, J., Stevanović, S., Tripković, D., Tripković, V., Stevanović, R. M., Popović, K.,& Jovanović, V. M.. (2014). Formic Acid Oxidation at Platinum-Bismuth Clusters. in Journal of the Electrochemical Society
Electrochemical Soc Inc, Pennington., 161(9).
https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0831409jes

Lović J, Stevanović S, Tripković D, Tripković V, Stevanović RM, Popović K, Jovanović VM. Formic Acid Oxidation at Platinum-Bismuth Clusters. in Journal of the Electrochemical Society. 2014;161(9).
doi:10.1149/2.0831409jes .

Lović, Jelena, Stevanović, Sanja, Tripković, Dušan, Tripković, Vladimir, Stevanović, Rade M., Popović, Ksenija, Jovanović, Vladislava M., "Formic Acid Oxidation at Platinum-Bismuth Clusters" in Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 161, no. 9 (2014),
https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0831409jes . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Panić, Vladimir
AU  - Dekanski, Aleksandar
AU  - Stevanović, Rade M.
PY  - 2010
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/656
AB  - Hydrous ruthenium oxide/carbon black nanocomposites were prepared by impregnation of the carbon blacks by differently aged inorganic RuO2 sols, i.e. of different particle size. Commercial Black Pearls 2000 (R) (BP) and Vulcan (R) XC-72 R (XC) carbon blacks were used. Capacitive properties of BP/RuO2 and XC/RuO2 composites were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in H2SO4 solution. Capacitance values and capacitance distribution through the composite porous layer were found different if high- (BP) and low- (XC) surface-area carbons are used as supports. The aging time (particle size) of Ru oxide sol as well as the concentration of the oxide solid phase in the impregnating medium influenced the capacitive performance of prepared composites. While the capacitance of BP-supported oxide decreases with the aging time, the capacitive ability of XC-supported oxide is promoted with increasing oxide particle size. The increase in concentration of the oxide solid phase in the impregnating medium caused an improvement of charging/discharging characteristics due to pronounced pseudocapacitance contribution of the increasing amount of inserted oxide. The effects of these variables in the impregnation process on the energy storage capabilities of prepared nanocomposites are envisaged as a result of intrinsic way of population of the pores of carbon material by hydrous Ru oxide particle.
PB  - Elsevier
T2  - Journal of Power Sources
T1  - Sol gel processed thin-layer ruthenium oxide/carbon black supercapacitors: A revelation of the energy storage issues
VL  - 195
IS  - 13
SP  - 3969
EP  - 3976
DO  - 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.01.028
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Panić, Vladimir and Dekanski, Aleksandar and Stevanović, Rade M.",
year = "2010",
abstract = "Hydrous ruthenium oxide/carbon black nanocomposites were prepared by impregnation of the carbon blacks by differently aged inorganic RuO2 sols, i.e. of different particle size. Commercial Black Pearls 2000 (R) (BP) and Vulcan (R) XC-72 R (XC) carbon blacks were used. Capacitive properties of BP/RuO2 and XC/RuO2 composites were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in H2SO4 solution. Capacitance values and capacitance distribution through the composite porous layer were found different if high- (BP) and low- (XC) surface-area carbons are used as supports. The aging time (particle size) of Ru oxide sol as well as the concentration of the oxide solid phase in the impregnating medium influenced the capacitive performance of prepared composites. While the capacitance of BP-supported oxide decreases with the aging time, the capacitive ability of XC-supported oxide is promoted with increasing oxide particle size. The increase in concentration of the oxide solid phase in the impregnating medium caused an improvement of charging/discharging characteristics due to pronounced pseudocapacitance contribution of the increasing amount of inserted oxide. The effects of these variables in the impregnation process on the energy storage capabilities of prepared nanocomposites are envisaged as a result of intrinsic way of population of the pores of carbon material by hydrous Ru oxide particle.",
publisher = "Elsevier",
journal = "Journal of Power Sources",
title = "Sol gel processed thin-layer ruthenium oxide/carbon black supercapacitors: A revelation of the energy storage issues",
volume = "195",
number = "13",
pages = "3969-3976",
doi = "10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.01.028"
}

Panić, V., Dekanski, A.,& Stevanović, R. M.. (2010). Sol gel processed thin-layer ruthenium oxide/carbon black supercapacitors: A revelation of the energy storage issues. in Journal of Power Sources
Elsevier., 195(13), 3969-3976.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.01.028

Panić V, Dekanski A, Stevanović RM. Sol gel processed thin-layer ruthenium oxide/carbon black supercapacitors: A revelation of the energy storage issues. in Journal of Power Sources. 2010;195(13):3969-3976.
doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.01.028 .

Panić, Vladimir, Dekanski, Aleksandar, Stevanović, Rade M., "Sol gel processed thin-layer ruthenium oxide/carbon black supercapacitors: A revelation of the energy storage issues" in Journal of Power Sources, 195, no. 13 (2010):3969-3976,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.01.028 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Panić, Vladimir
AU  - Stevanović, Rade M.
AU  - Jovanović, Vladislava M.
AU  - Dekanski, Aleksandar
PY  - 2008
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/475
AB  - Electrochemical properties and porous-structure-dependent capacitive ability of commercial carbon blacks, Black Pearls 2000® (BP) and Vulcan® XC 72R (XC), were investigated in H2SO4 solution by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The capacitance in-depth profile is correlated to microscopic appearance of carbon blacks in the form of a thin layer applied over Au substrate from water suspensions of BP and XC. The capacitance calculated from voltammetric charge was found to depend on the sweep rate, due to porosity of investigated materials. Impedance (EIS) characteristics upon frequency-dependent charge/discharge process indicate transmission line electric behavior of BP and XC. Capacitance and resistance values obtained by simulations of EIS data, enabled estimation of capacitance and resistance profile throughout carbon black porous electrodes. Capacitance of BP carbon layer increases going from the outer surface towards the bulk of the layer. External capacitance originates from capacitive characteristics of the macroscopic surface consisting of relatively large agglomerates, while internal capacitance originates from "inner" surface of micro-porous agglomerates. Contrary to BP, opposite distribution of the total capacitance to external and internal part was found for XC, caused by its loose structure and considerably lower real surface area in comparison to BP. The XC morphology makes additionally the pseudocapacitive contribution of surface functionalities more pronounced, which indirectly shifts also the "internal" double-layer capacitive response to higher frequencies through the effect of increased wettability of the layer. Thus, the capacitance of XC surface directly exposed to the electrolyte is larger than that of the inner one, which makes it a "fully-utilized" capacitor, while increased capacitive performance of BP emerges only at very low frequencies of charging/discharging process.
T2  - Journal of Power Sources
T1  - Electrochemical and capacitive properties of thin-layer carbon black electrodes
VL  - 181
IS  - 1
SP  - 186
EP  - 192
DO  - 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.03.048
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Panić, Vladimir and Stevanović, Rade M. and Jovanović, Vladislava M. and Dekanski, Aleksandar",
year = "2008",
abstract = "Electrochemical properties and porous-structure-dependent capacitive ability of commercial carbon blacks, Black Pearls 2000® (BP) and Vulcan® XC 72R (XC), were investigated in H2SO4 solution by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The capacitance in-depth profile is correlated to microscopic appearance of carbon blacks in the form of a thin layer applied over Au substrate from water suspensions of BP and XC. The capacitance calculated from voltammetric charge was found to depend on the sweep rate, due to porosity of investigated materials. Impedance (EIS) characteristics upon frequency-dependent charge/discharge process indicate transmission line electric behavior of BP and XC. Capacitance and resistance values obtained by simulations of EIS data, enabled estimation of capacitance and resistance profile throughout carbon black porous electrodes. Capacitance of BP carbon layer increases going from the outer surface towards the bulk of the layer. External capacitance originates from capacitive characteristics of the macroscopic surface consisting of relatively large agglomerates, while internal capacitance originates from "inner" surface of micro-porous agglomerates. Contrary to BP, opposite distribution of the total capacitance to external and internal part was found for XC, caused by its loose structure and considerably lower real surface area in comparison to BP. The XC morphology makes additionally the pseudocapacitive contribution of surface functionalities more pronounced, which indirectly shifts also the "internal" double-layer capacitive response to higher frequencies through the effect of increased wettability of the layer. Thus, the capacitance of XC surface directly exposed to the electrolyte is larger than that of the inner one, which makes it a "fully-utilized" capacitor, while increased capacitive performance of BP emerges only at very low frequencies of charging/discharging process.",
journal = "Journal of Power Sources",
title = "Electrochemical and capacitive properties of thin-layer carbon black electrodes",
volume = "181",
number = "1",
pages = "186-192",
doi = "10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.03.048"
}

Panić, V., Stevanović, R. M., Jovanović, V. M.,& Dekanski, A.. (2008). Electrochemical and capacitive properties of thin-layer carbon black electrodes. in Journal of Power Sources, 181(1), 186-192.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.03.048

Panić V, Stevanović RM, Jovanović VM, Dekanski A. Electrochemical and capacitive properties of thin-layer carbon black electrodes. in Journal of Power Sources. 2008;181(1):186-192.
doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.03.048 .

Panić, Vladimir, Stevanović, Rade M., Jovanović, Vladislava M., Dekanski, Aleksandar, "Electrochemical and capacitive properties of thin-layer carbon black electrodes" in Journal of Power Sources, 181, no. 1 (2008):186-192,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.03.048 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Obradović, Maja
AU  - Bosnjakov, GZ
AU  - Stevanović, Rade M.
AU  - Maksimović, Miodrag D.
AU  - Despić, Aleksandar R.
PY  - 2006
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/226
AB  - The effect of the potential of deposition and electrode rotation rate on current efficiency and partial current density of nickel deposition from ammonia-citrate electrolyte with and without tungstate ions was investigated. In addition, the effect of pulse deposition parameters, such as frequency and ratio between pause and deposition time, t(p)/t(c), oil current efficiency and composition of Ni-W alloys was investigated. Partial current densities of tungsten and nickel deposition were calculated from experimental results and compared with those in direct current (dc) deposition at the same average current density, as well as with those calculated using theoretical equations for the pulse current (pc) deposition process controlled by mass transport. Obtained partial current densities of tungsten are in fair agreement with those predicted by theory in both cases, as a function of dimensionless pulse period and as a function of the t(p)/t(c) ratio. That confirms that the tungsten deposition process is controlled by mass transport. Dependences of the partial current densities of nickel deposition on the rotation rate as well as on the pc variables (frequency and pause to pulse ratio) were attributed to changes in surface concentration of ammonia and the pH.
PB  - Elsevier
T2  - Surface and Coatings Technology
T1  - Pulse and direct current plating of Ni-W alloys from ammonia-citrate electrolyte
VL  - 200
IS  - 14-15
SP  - 4201
EP  - 4207
DO  - 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.12.013
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Obradović, Maja and Bosnjakov, GZ and Stevanović, Rade M. and Maksimović, Miodrag D. and Despić, Aleksandar R.",
year = "2006",
abstract = "The effect of the potential of deposition and electrode rotation rate on current efficiency and partial current density of nickel deposition from ammonia-citrate electrolyte with and without tungstate ions was investigated. In addition, the effect of pulse deposition parameters, such as frequency and ratio between pause and deposition time, t(p)/t(c), oil current efficiency and composition of Ni-W alloys was investigated. Partial current densities of tungsten and nickel deposition were calculated from experimental results and compared with those in direct current (dc) deposition at the same average current density, as well as with those calculated using theoretical equations for the pulse current (pc) deposition process controlled by mass transport. Obtained partial current densities of tungsten are in fair agreement with those predicted by theory in both cases, as a function of dimensionless pulse period and as a function of the t(p)/t(c) ratio. That confirms that the tungsten deposition process is controlled by mass transport. Dependences of the partial current densities of nickel deposition on the rotation rate as well as on the pc variables (frequency and pause to pulse ratio) were attributed to changes in surface concentration of ammonia and the pH.",
publisher = "Elsevier",
journal = "Surface and Coatings Technology",
title = "Pulse and direct current plating of Ni-W alloys from ammonia-citrate electrolyte",
volume = "200",
number = "14-15",
pages = "4201-4207",
doi = "10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.12.013"
}

Obradović, M., Bosnjakov, G., Stevanović, R. M., Maksimović, M. D.,& Despić, A. R.. (2006). Pulse and direct current plating of Ni-W alloys from ammonia-citrate electrolyte. in Surface and Coatings Technology
Elsevier., 200(14-15), 4201-4207.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.12.013

Obradović M, Bosnjakov G, Stevanović RM, Maksimović MD, Despić AR. Pulse and direct current plating of Ni-W alloys from ammonia-citrate electrolyte. in Surface and Coatings Technology. 2006;200(14-15):4201-4207.
doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.12.013 .

Obradović, Maja, Bosnjakov, GZ, Stevanović, Rade M., Maksimović, Miodrag D., Despić, Aleksandar R., "Pulse and direct current plating of Ni-W alloys from ammonia-citrate electrolyte" in Surface and Coatings Technology, 200, no. 14-15 (2006):4201-4207,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.12.013 . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Kowal, Andrzej
AU  - Olszewski, Piotr K.
AU  - Tripković, Dušan
AU  - Stevanović, Rade M.
PY  - 2006
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/281
AB  - Electrodes, assigned as GC/Pt-C and GC/Pt-Ru-C, were formed by deposition of Pt-based catalysts (47.5 wt % Pt + high surface area carbon) and (54 wt. % Pt-Ru alloy + high surface area carbon) on glassy carbon (GC) discs. X-ray diffraction measurements were used for the determination of the average crystallite size and phase composition of both catalysts. Crystallite size for Pt-C catalyst was 2.9 nm for Pt-fcc. In the diffraction pattern of the Pt-Ru-C catalyst two phases, e.g. Pt-Ru-fcc and Ru-hcp were refined using the Rietveld method. Crystallite sizes were 3.9 nm for Pt-Ru-fcc and 2.8 nm for Ru-hcp. STM observations of the surface of GC/Pt-C and GC/Pt-Ru-C electrodes revealed the presence of metal particles of the size in the range 2-6 nm and Pt-C or PtRu-C agglomerates in the range of several tenth of nm. The thickness of the Nafion covering layer determined by AFM is ca. 100 nm. A simplified scheme of the investigated electrodes was created.
C3  - Materials Science Forum
T1  - Nanoscale topography of GC/Pt-C and GC/Pt-Ru-C electrodes studied by means of STM, AFM and XRD methods
VL  - 518
SP  - 271
EP  - 276
DO  - 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.518.271
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Kowal, Andrzej and Olszewski, Piotr K. and Tripković, Dušan and Stevanović, Rade M.",
year = "2006",
abstract = "Electrodes, assigned as GC/Pt-C and GC/Pt-Ru-C, were formed by deposition of Pt-based catalysts (47.5 wt % Pt + high surface area carbon) and (54 wt. % Pt-Ru alloy + high surface area carbon) on glassy carbon (GC) discs. X-ray diffraction measurements were used for the determination of the average crystallite size and phase composition of both catalysts. Crystallite size for Pt-C catalyst was 2.9 nm for Pt-fcc. In the diffraction pattern of the Pt-Ru-C catalyst two phases, e.g. Pt-Ru-fcc and Ru-hcp were refined using the Rietveld method. Crystallite sizes were 3.9 nm for Pt-Ru-fcc and 2.8 nm for Ru-hcp. STM observations of the surface of GC/Pt-C and GC/Pt-Ru-C electrodes revealed the presence of metal particles of the size in the range 2-6 nm and Pt-C or PtRu-C agglomerates in the range of several tenth of nm. The thickness of the Nafion covering layer determined by AFM is ca. 100 nm. A simplified scheme of the investigated electrodes was created.",
journal = "Materials Science Forum",
title = "Nanoscale topography of GC/Pt-C and GC/Pt-Ru-C electrodes studied by means of STM, AFM and XRD methods",
volume = "518",
pages = "271-276",
doi = "10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.518.271"
}

Kowal, A., Olszewski, P. K., Tripković, D.,& Stevanović, R. M.. (2006). Nanoscale topography of GC/Pt-C and GC/Pt-Ru-C electrodes studied by means of STM, AFM and XRD methods. in Materials Science Forum, 518, 271-276.
https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.518.271

Kowal A, Olszewski PK, Tripković D, Stevanović RM. Nanoscale topography of GC/Pt-C and GC/Pt-Ru-C electrodes studied by means of STM, AFM and XRD methods. in Materials Science Forum. 2006;518:271-276.
doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.518.271 .

Kowal, Andrzej, Olszewski, Piotr K., Tripković, Dušan, Stevanović, Rade M., "Nanoscale topography of GC/Pt-C and GC/Pt-Ru-C electrodes studied by means of STM, AFM and XRD methods" in Materials Science Forum, 518 (2006):271-276,
https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.518.271 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tripković, Amalija
AU  - Popović, Ksenija
AU  - Stevanović, Rade M.
AU  - Socha, R.
AU  - Kowal, Andrzej
PY  - 2006
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2879
AB  - Formic acid oxidation in acid solution was examined on a PtBi alloy characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Three chemical states of Bi, i.e., PtBi or Bi(0), Bi2O3 and BiO(OH) were found. Electrochemical characterization revealed that PtBi follows the behavior of its constituents, as well as that Bi is not stable in the PtBi alloy. It was established that the activity of PtBi is highly dependent of the reduction/oxidation of Bi species. Oxidation of formic acid does not occur on Bi covered PtBi. Rotated PtBi showed impressive activity relative to polycrystalline Pt, with the onset potential shifted by 0.25 V towards more negative potentials, and attained steady state current densities at 0.05 V, higher by two and half orders of magnitude. The activity of PtBi is caused by UPD phenomena of Bi on Pt, which was electrochemically detected. In addition, based on XPS analysis, it is proposed that the activity of PtBi could also be caused by the bifunctional action of hydroxylated Bi species.
PB  - Elsevier
T2  - Electrochemistry Communication
T1  - Activity of a PtBi alloy in the electrochemical oxidation of formic acid
VL  - 8
IS  - 9
SP  - 1492
EP  - 1498
DO  - 10.1016/j.elecom.2006.07.005
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Tripković, Amalija and Popović, Ksenija and Stevanović, Rade M. and Socha, R. and Kowal, Andrzej",
year = "2006",
abstract = "Formic acid oxidation in acid solution was examined on a PtBi alloy characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Three chemical states of Bi, i.e., PtBi or Bi(0), Bi2O3 and BiO(OH) were found. Electrochemical characterization revealed that PtBi follows the behavior of its constituents, as well as that Bi is not stable in the PtBi alloy. It was established that the activity of PtBi is highly dependent of the reduction/oxidation of Bi species. Oxidation of formic acid does not occur on Bi covered PtBi. Rotated PtBi showed impressive activity relative to polycrystalline Pt, with the onset potential shifted by 0.25 V towards more negative potentials, and attained steady state current densities at 0.05 V, higher by two and half orders of magnitude. The activity of PtBi is caused by UPD phenomena of Bi on Pt, which was electrochemically detected. In addition, based on XPS analysis, it is proposed that the activity of PtBi could also be caused by the bifunctional action of hydroxylated Bi species.",
publisher = "Elsevier",
journal = "Electrochemistry Communication",
title = "Activity of a PtBi alloy in the electrochemical oxidation of formic acid",
volume = "8",
number = "9",
pages = "1492-1498",
doi = "10.1016/j.elecom.2006.07.005"
}

Tripković, A., Popović, K., Stevanović, R. M., Socha, R.,& Kowal, A.. (2006). Activity of a PtBi alloy in the electrochemical oxidation of formic acid. in Electrochemistry Communication
Elsevier., 8(9), 1492-1498.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2006.07.005

Tripković A, Popović K, Stevanović RM, Socha R, Kowal A. Activity of a PtBi alloy in the electrochemical oxidation of formic acid. in Electrochemistry Communication. 2006;8(9):1492-1498.
doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2006.07.005 .

Tripković, Amalija, Popović, Ksenija, Stevanović, Rade M., Socha, R., Kowal, Andrzej, "Activity of a PtBi alloy in the electrochemical oxidation of formic acid" in Electrochemistry Communication, 8, no. 9 (2006):1492-1498,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2006.07.005 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Obradović, Maja
AU  - Đurović, Dejan
AU  - Kowal, Andrzej
AU  - Petrović, Bisenija M.
AU  - Stojanović, V.
AU  - Maksimović, Miodrag D.
AU  - Stevanović, Rade M.
AU  - Despić, Aleksandar R.
PY  - 2005
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/199
AB  - The Ni-W alloys were electrochemically deposited from a ammonia-citrate electrolyte on rotation disc electrode with a replaceable steel disc, by direct and pulsed current. The aim of the paper is investigations of parameters of deposition, structure of alloys and temperature treatment on morphology and micro hardness of alloys.
AB  - Prevlake legure Ni-W su elektrohemijski taložene iz amonijačno-citratnog elektrolita, na rotirajuću disk elektrodu od čelika, konstantnom i pulsirajućom strujom. Cilj rada je ispitivanje uticaja parametara taloženja sastava legure i termičkog tretmana na morfologiju i mikrotvrdoću dobijenih prevlaka.
PB  - Belgrade, Serbia : Engineering Society for Corrosion
T2  - Zaštita materijala
T1  - Properties of Ni-W alloys electrochemically deposited by direct and pulse current
T1  - Karakteristike legura Ni-W elektrohemijski taloženih konstantnom i pulsirajućom strujom
VL  - 46
IS  - 3
SP  - 5
EP  - 12
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cer_199
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Obradović, Maja and Đurović, Dejan and Kowal, Andrzej and Petrović, Bisenija M. and Stojanović, V. and Maksimović, Miodrag D. and Stevanović, Rade M. and Despić, Aleksandar R.",
year = "2005",
abstract = "The Ni-W alloys were electrochemically deposited from a ammonia-citrate electrolyte on rotation disc electrode with a replaceable steel disc, by direct and pulsed current. The aim of the paper is investigations of parameters of deposition, structure of alloys and temperature treatment on morphology and micro hardness of alloys., Prevlake legure Ni-W su elektrohemijski taložene iz amonijačno-citratnog elektrolita, na rotirajuću disk elektrodu od čelika, konstantnom i pulsirajućom strujom. Cilj rada je ispitivanje uticaja parametara taloženja sastava legure i termičkog tretmana na morfologiju i mikrotvrdoću dobijenih prevlaka.",
publisher = "Belgrade, Serbia : Engineering Society for Corrosion",
journal = "Zaštita materijala",
title = "Properties of Ni-W alloys electrochemically deposited by direct and pulse current, Karakteristike legura Ni-W elektrohemijski taloženih konstantnom i pulsirajućom strujom",
volume = "46",
number = "3",
pages = "5-12",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cer_199"
}

Obradović, M., Đurović, D., Kowal, A., Petrović, B. M., Stojanović, V., Maksimović, M. D., Stevanović, R. M.,& Despić, A. R.. (2005). Properties of Ni-W alloys electrochemically deposited by direct and pulse current. in Zaštita materijala
Belgrade, Serbia : Engineering Society for Corrosion., 46(3), 5-12.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cer_199

Obradović M, Đurović D, Kowal A, Petrović BM, Stojanović V, Maksimović MD, Stevanović RM, Despić AR. Properties of Ni-W alloys electrochemically deposited by direct and pulse current. in Zaštita materijala. 2005;46(3):5-12.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cer_199 .

Obradović, Maja, Đurović, Dejan, Kowal, Andrzej, Petrović, Bisenija M., Stojanović, V., Maksimović, Miodrag D., Stevanović, Rade M., Despić, Aleksandar R., "Properties of Ni-W alloys electrochemically deposited by direct and pulse current" in Zaštita materijala, 46, no. 3 (2005):5-12,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cer_199 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dekanski, Aleksandar
AU  - Stevanović, Jasmina S.
AU  - Stevanović, Rade M.
AU  - Jovanović, Vladislava M.
PY  - 2001
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3660
AB  - The modification of glassy carbon by immersion in AgNO 3 solution was studied by cyclic voltammetry, vacuum techniques (AES and XPS) and STM. The influence of Ag + concentration, time of immersion, the presence of oxygen in AgNO 3 solution and previous thermal treatment of the glassy carbon were examined on 'as received' (untreated), polished and electrochemically treated samples. The results show that glassy carbon electrode immersed in AgNO 3 solution is modified by silver, which is deposited in its elemental state on the surface and near surface layers of the material. Cyclic voltammograms of silver-modified glassy carbon electrodes are similar to those of a silver electrode. The quantity of silver deposited on glassy carbon strongly depends on the pretreatment of the material before its immersion. The results obtained suggest that functional groups participate in the reduction of Ag + , and thus in the electrode modification, as active centers. Metal particles are not uniformly deposited on the surface and the deposition is 3-dimensional with deposits of laminar structure. A mechanism for the modification process is proposed.
PB  - Elsevier
T2  - Carbon
T1  - Glassy carbon electrodes: II. Modification by immersion in AgNO 3
VL  - 39
IS  - 8
SP  - 1207
EP  - 1216
DO  - 10.1016/S0008-6223(00)00227-X
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Dekanski, Aleksandar and Stevanović, Jasmina S. and Stevanović, Rade M. and Jovanović, Vladislava M.",
year = "2001",
abstract = "The modification of glassy carbon by immersion in AgNO 3 solution was studied by cyclic voltammetry, vacuum techniques (AES and XPS) and STM. The influence of Ag + concentration, time of immersion, the presence of oxygen in AgNO 3 solution and previous thermal treatment of the glassy carbon were examined on 'as received' (untreated), polished and electrochemically treated samples. The results show that glassy carbon electrode immersed in AgNO 3 solution is modified by silver, which is deposited in its elemental state on the surface and near surface layers of the material. Cyclic voltammograms of silver-modified glassy carbon electrodes are similar to those of a silver electrode. The quantity of silver deposited on glassy carbon strongly depends on the pretreatment of the material before its immersion. The results obtained suggest that functional groups participate in the reduction of Ag + , and thus in the electrode modification, as active centers. Metal particles are not uniformly deposited on the surface and the deposition is 3-dimensional with deposits of laminar structure. A mechanism for the modification process is proposed.",
publisher = "Elsevier",
journal = "Carbon",
title = "Glassy carbon electrodes: II. Modification by immersion in AgNO 3",
volume = "39",
number = "8",
pages = "1207-1216",
doi = "10.1016/S0008-6223(00)00227-X"
}

Dekanski, A., Stevanović, J. S., Stevanović, R. M.,& Jovanović, V. M.. (2001). Glassy carbon electrodes: II. Modification by immersion in AgNO 3. in Carbon
Elsevier., 39(8), 1207-1216.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6223(00)00227-X

Dekanski A, Stevanović JS, Stevanović RM, Jovanović VM. Glassy carbon electrodes: II. Modification by immersion in AgNO 3. in Carbon. 2001;39(8):1207-1216.
doi:10.1016/S0008-6223(00)00227-X .

Dekanski, Aleksandar, Stevanović, Jasmina S., Stevanović, Rade M., Jovanović, Vladislava M., "Glassy carbon electrodes: II. Modification by immersion in AgNO 3" in Carbon, 39, no. 8 (2001):1207-1216,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6223(00)00227-X . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dekanski, Aleksandar
AU  - Stevanović, Jasmina S.
AU  - Stevanović, Rade M.
AU  - Nikolić, Branislav Ž.
AU  - Jovanović, Vladislava M.
PY  - 2001
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3664
AB  - Electrochemical properties of glassy carbon electrodes of two types were examined, one thermally treated at 1000°C (sample K) and another thermally treated at 2500° (sample G). Mechanically polished or electrochemically polarized electrodes were characterized in NaOH, HClO 4 and H 2 SO 4 solutions by cyclic voltammetry (cv) at different sweep rates in the potential range between the hydrogen and oxygen evolution. The activity of the electrodes depended on the properties of the glassy carbon examined, as determined by both the temperature of thermal treatment and the mechanical or electrochemical pretreatment of the sample. It was noticed that both types of electrodes, when polished exhibited an increase in the double layer charge upon increasing the pH value of the solution. The cv charges, for both types of samples, increase upon anodic polarization. The higher the potential of oxidation, the more pronounced is the increase in charge, particularly in acidic solution. The increase in charge amounts from below 1 mC cm -2 for polished glassy carbon up to few hundreds of mC cm -2 for surfaces anodically polarized in acidic solution. Analysis of the dependence of voltammetric charge, as well as morphological changes of the electrode surface, on the time of oxidation suggests the existence of three stages in the electrochemical activation process. The first one occurs only once at the beginning of the activation, while the other two repeat themselves, reflecting a periodical activation and deactivation process. These stages were discussed and ascribed to a surface layer oxidation, graphite oxide layer growth and mechanical destruction of the surface. Independent surface analysis by AES, XPS and STM confirms the results obtained by electrochemical methods.
PB  - Elsevier
T2  - Carbon
T1  - Glassy carbon electrodes: I. Characterization and electrochemical activation
VL  - 39
IS  - 8
SP  - 1195
EP  - 1205
DO  - 10.1016/S0008-6223(00)00228-1
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Dekanski, Aleksandar and Stevanović, Jasmina S. and Stevanović, Rade M. and Nikolić, Branislav Ž. and Jovanović, Vladislava M.",
year = "2001",
abstract = "Electrochemical properties of glassy carbon electrodes of two types were examined, one thermally treated at 1000°C (sample K) and another thermally treated at 2500° (sample G). Mechanically polished or electrochemically polarized electrodes were characterized in NaOH, HClO 4 and H 2 SO 4 solutions by cyclic voltammetry (cv) at different sweep rates in the potential range between the hydrogen and oxygen evolution. The activity of the electrodes depended on the properties of the glassy carbon examined, as determined by both the temperature of thermal treatment and the mechanical or electrochemical pretreatment of the sample. It was noticed that both types of electrodes, when polished exhibited an increase in the double layer charge upon increasing the pH value of the solution. The cv charges, for both types of samples, increase upon anodic polarization. The higher the potential of oxidation, the more pronounced is the increase in charge, particularly in acidic solution. The increase in charge amounts from below 1 mC cm -2 for polished glassy carbon up to few hundreds of mC cm -2 for surfaces anodically polarized in acidic solution. Analysis of the dependence of voltammetric charge, as well as morphological changes of the electrode surface, on the time of oxidation suggests the existence of three stages in the electrochemical activation process. The first one occurs only once at the beginning of the activation, while the other two repeat themselves, reflecting a periodical activation and deactivation process. These stages were discussed and ascribed to a surface layer oxidation, graphite oxide layer growth and mechanical destruction of the surface. Independent surface analysis by AES, XPS and STM confirms the results obtained by electrochemical methods.",
publisher = "Elsevier",
journal = "Carbon",
title = "Glassy carbon electrodes: I. Characterization and electrochemical activation",
volume = "39",
number = "8",
pages = "1195-1205",
doi = "10.1016/S0008-6223(00)00228-1"
}

Dekanski, A., Stevanović, J. S., Stevanović, R. M., Nikolić, B. Ž.,& Jovanović, V. M.. (2001). Glassy carbon electrodes: I. Characterization and electrochemical activation. in Carbon
Elsevier., 39(8), 1195-1205.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6223(00)00228-1

Dekanski A, Stevanović JS, Stevanović RM, Nikolić BŽ, Jovanović VM. Glassy carbon electrodes: I. Characterization and electrochemical activation. in Carbon. 2001;39(8):1195-1205.
doi:10.1016/S0008-6223(00)00228-1 .

Dekanski, Aleksandar, Stevanović, Jasmina S., Stevanović, Rade M., Nikolić, Branislav Ž., Jovanović, Vladislava M., "Glassy carbon electrodes: I. Characterization and electrochemical activation" in Carbon, 39, no. 8 (2001):1195-1205,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6223(00)00228-1 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Obradović, Maja
AU  - Stevanović, Jasmina
AU  - Despić, Aleksandar R.
AU  - Stevanović, Rade M.
AU  - Stoch, Jerzy
PY  - 2001
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/29
AB  - Ni-W alloys electrodeposited from citrate solution consist of three different phases, which are all present in high W-content alloys: a solid solution of W in a Ni matrix; an intermetallic compound Ni4W, as well as another solid solution of W in Ni with a W content higher than 20 mol. %. XPS analysis revealed that the alloys were covered with a surface layer of complex structure containing the pure metals Ni and W, Ni(OH)2 andWO3, on the very surface as well as some partially reduced oxideWO2.72 (most probably a solid solution ofWO2.72 in Ni) and tungsten carbide in the layer underneath. It is highly likely that some of the oxide species in the layer act as intermediates in the cathodic deposition process. Identifying these species should be the clue to a more detailed understanding of the mechanism of induced deposition of W than has been achieved so far. Corrosion of Ni-W alloys in sulfuric acid solution at OCP, occurs by the preferential dissolution of nickel from the surface layer. The longer the corrosion process lasts, the more the surface behaves like pure W. The lowest initial corrosion rates were recorded with alloys rich in W, but after aging at OCP the lowest corrosion c.d. was found for the Ni-W alloy with the most homogenous phase structure, consisting of the solid solution only.
AB  - Elektrohemijski taložene legure Ni-W iz citratnog rastvora sadrže tri različite faze, koje su prisutne pri visokom sadržaju W u leguri: čvrst rastvor W u Ni; intermetalno jedinjenje Ni4Wi čvrst rastvor Wu Ni sa sadržajem W većim od 20 mol %. XPS analizom je pokazano da su legure pokrivene slojem složene strukture. Ovaj sloj sadrži čiste metale Ni i W, Ni(OH)2 i WO3, na samoj površini. U sloju ispod same površine nađeni su i delimično redukovan oksid WO2,72 (najverovatnije čvrst rastvor WO2,72 u Ni) i volfram-karbid. Vrlo je verovatno da neka od oksidnih vrsta u sloju učestvuje kao intermedijer u procesu katodnog taloženja. Identifikacija te vrste mogla bi doprineti boljem razumevanju mehanizma indukovanog taloženja volframa. Na potencijalu otvorenog kola u sumpornoj kiselini korozioni proces se odigrava tako što se preferencijalno rastvara Ni iz površinskog sloja legure. Ukoliko korozioni proces traje duže utoliko korozione karakteristike postaju sve sličnije onima za čist W. Niže početne brzine korozije dobijene su za legure sa većim sadržajem W. Međutim, nakon stajanja na potencijalu otvorenog kola niže korozione struje su dobijene za Ni-W leguru homogene fazne strukture koja sadrži samo čvrst rastvor.
PB  - Serbian Chemical Society
T2  - Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society
T1  - Characterization and corrosion properties of electrodeposited Ni-W alloys
T1  - Karakterizacija i korozione karakteristike elektrohemijski taložene legure Ni-W
VL  - 66
IS  - 11-12
SP  - 899
EP  - 912
DO  - 10.2298/jsc0112899o
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cer_29
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Obradović, Maja and Stevanović, Jasmina and Despić, Aleksandar R. and Stevanović, Rade M. and Stoch, Jerzy",
year = "2001",
abstract = "Ni-W alloys electrodeposited from citrate solution consist of three different phases, which are all present in high W-content alloys: a solid solution of W in a Ni matrix; an intermetallic compound Ni4W, as well as another solid solution of W in Ni with a W content higher than 20 mol. %. XPS analysis revealed that the alloys were covered with a surface layer of complex structure containing the pure metals Ni and W, Ni(OH)2 andWO3, on the very surface as well as some partially reduced oxideWO2.72 (most probably a solid solution ofWO2.72 in Ni) and tungsten carbide in the layer underneath. It is highly likely that some of the oxide species in the layer act as intermediates in the cathodic deposition process. Identifying these species should be the clue to a more detailed understanding of the mechanism of induced deposition of W than has been achieved so far. Corrosion of Ni-W alloys in sulfuric acid solution at OCP, occurs by the preferential dissolution of nickel from the surface layer. The longer the corrosion process lasts, the more the surface behaves like pure W. The lowest initial corrosion rates were recorded with alloys rich in W, but after aging at OCP the lowest corrosion c.d. was found for the Ni-W alloy with the most homogenous phase structure, consisting of the solid solution only., Elektrohemijski taložene legure Ni-W iz citratnog rastvora sadrže tri različite faze, koje su prisutne pri visokom sadržaju W u leguri: čvrst rastvor W u Ni; intermetalno jedinjenje Ni4Wi čvrst rastvor Wu Ni sa sadržajem W većim od 20 mol %. XPS analizom je pokazano da su legure pokrivene slojem složene strukture. Ovaj sloj sadrži čiste metale Ni i W, Ni(OH)2 i WO3, na samoj površini. U sloju ispod same površine nađeni su i delimično redukovan oksid WO2,72 (najverovatnije čvrst rastvor WO2,72 u Ni) i volfram-karbid. Vrlo je verovatno da neka od oksidnih vrsta u sloju učestvuje kao intermedijer u procesu katodnog taloženja. Identifikacija te vrste mogla bi doprineti boljem razumevanju mehanizma indukovanog taloženja volframa. Na potencijalu otvorenog kola u sumpornoj kiselini korozioni proces se odigrava tako što se preferencijalno rastvara Ni iz površinskog sloja legure. Ukoliko korozioni proces traje duže utoliko korozione karakteristike postaju sve sličnije onima za čist W. Niže početne brzine korozije dobijene su za legure sa većim sadržajem W. Međutim, nakon stajanja na potencijalu otvorenog kola niže korozione struje su dobijene za Ni-W leguru homogene fazne strukture koja sadrži samo čvrst rastvor.",
publisher = "Serbian Chemical Society",
journal = "Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society",
title = "Characterization and corrosion properties of electrodeposited Ni-W alloys, Karakterizacija i korozione karakteristike elektrohemijski taložene legure Ni-W",
volume = "66",
number = "11-12",
pages = "899-912",
doi = "10.2298/jsc0112899o",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cer_29"
}

Obradović, M., Stevanović, J., Despić, A. R., Stevanović, R. M.,& Stoch, J.. (2001). Characterization and corrosion properties of electrodeposited Ni-W alloys. in Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society
Serbian Chemical Society., 66(11-12), 899-912.
https://doi.org/10.2298/jsc0112899o
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cer_29

Obradović M, Stevanović J, Despić AR, Stevanović RM, Stoch J. Characterization and corrosion properties of electrodeposited Ni-W alloys. in Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society. 2001;66(11-12):899-912.
doi:10.2298/jsc0112899o
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cer_29 .

Obradović, Maja, Stevanović, Jasmina, Despić, Aleksandar R., Stevanović, Rade M., Stoch, Jerzy, "Characterization and corrosion properties of electrodeposited Ni-W alloys" in Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, 66, no. 11-12 (2001):899-912,
https://doi.org/10.2298/jsc0112899o .,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cer_29 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Popov, K. I.
AU  - Stevanović, Rade M.
PY  - 2000
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3495
AB  - A new approach to the determination of the current distribution in electrochemical
cells, the current line division concept, is introduced. The new concept, based on the
basic equations of electrics and electrochemical kinetics, was employed for a theoretical
explanation of the phenomenon known in electroforming as  corner weakness . It was
shown that this phenomenon depends on the kind of control of the deposition process,
being the largest in the case of pure ohmic control and disappearing in the case of pure
activation control.
AB  - Предложен је нови приступ проблему одређивања расподеле струје у електрохемијским ћелијама, концепт поделе струјних линија. Концепт се базира на основним законима електротехнике и електрохемијске кинетике. И овде је употребљен за теоријско разматрање феномена који је у галванопластици познат као "corner weakness". Показано је да ова појава зависи од врсте контроле катодног процеса. Најизраженија је у условима чисте омске контроле, а изостаје у условима чисте активационе контроле.
PB  - Belgrade : Serbian Chemical Society
T2  - Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society
T1  - A new current line division concept for the determination of the current distribution in electrochemical cells. Part I. Theoretical background of the  corner weakness  effect in electroforming
T1  - Нов концепт поделе струјних линија за одржавање расподеле струје у електрохемијским ћелијама. Део I.Теоријске основе појаве "Corner weakness" у галванопластици
VL  - 65
IS  - 12
SP  - 905
EP  - 914
DO  - 10.2298/JSC0012905P
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Popov, K. I. and Stevanović, Rade M.",
year = "2000",
abstract = "A new approach to the determination of the current distribution in electrochemical
cells, the current line division concept, is introduced. The new concept, based on the
basic equations of electrics and electrochemical kinetics, was employed for a theoretical
explanation of the phenomenon known in electroforming as  corner weakness . It was
shown that this phenomenon depends on the kind of control of the deposition process,
being the largest in the case of pure ohmic control and disappearing in the case of pure
activation control., Предложен је нови приступ проблему одређивања расподеле струје у електрохемијским ћелијама, концепт поделе струјних линија. Концепт се базира на основним законима електротехнике и електрохемијске кинетике. И овде је употребљен за теоријско разматрање феномена који је у галванопластици познат као "corner weakness". Показано је да ова појава зависи од врсте контроле катодног процеса. Најизраженија је у условима чисте омске контроле, а изостаје у условима чисте активационе контроле.",
publisher = "Belgrade : Serbian Chemical Society",
journal = "Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society",
title = "A new current line division concept for the determination of the current distribution in electrochemical cells. Part I. Theoretical background of the  corner weakness  effect in electroforming, Нов концепт поделе струјних линија за одржавање расподеле струје у електрохемијским ћелијама. Део I.Теоријске основе појаве "Corner weakness" у галванопластици",
volume = "65",
number = "12",
pages = "905-914",
doi = "10.2298/JSC0012905P"
}

Popov, K. I.,& Stevanović, R. M.. (2000). A new current line division concept for the determination of the current distribution in electrochemical cells. Part I. Theoretical background of the  corner weakness  effect in electroforming. in Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society
Belgrade : Serbian Chemical Society., 65(12), 905-914.
https://doi.org/10.2298/JSC0012905P

Popov KI, Stevanović RM. A new current line division concept for the determination of the current distribution in electrochemical cells. Part I. Theoretical background of the  corner weakness  effect in electroforming. in Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society. 2000;65(12):905-914.
doi:10.2298/JSC0012905P .

Popov, K. I., Stevanović, Rade M., "A new current line division concept for the determination of the current distribution in electrochemical cells. Part I. Theoretical background of the  corner weakness  effect in electroforming" in Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, 65, no. 12 (2000):905-914,
https://doi.org/10.2298/JSC0012905P . .