TY  - JOUR
AU  - Obradović, Maja
AU  - Bosnjakov, GZ
AU  - Stevanović, Rade M.
AU  - Maksimović, Miodrag D.
AU  - Despić, Aleksandar R.
PY  - 2006
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/226
AB  - The effect of the potential of deposition and electrode rotation rate on current efficiency and partial current density of nickel deposition from ammonia-citrate electrolyte with and without tungstate ions was investigated. In addition, the effect of pulse deposition parameters, such as frequency and ratio between pause and deposition time, t(p)/t(c), oil current efficiency and composition of Ni-W alloys was investigated. Partial current densities of tungsten and nickel deposition were calculated from experimental results and compared with those in direct current (dc) deposition at the same average current density, as well as with those calculated using theoretical equations for the pulse current (pc) deposition process controlled by mass transport. Obtained partial current densities of tungsten are in fair agreement with those predicted by theory in both cases, as a function of dimensionless pulse period and as a function of the t(p)/t(c) ratio. That confirms that the tungsten deposition process is controlled by mass transport. Dependences of the partial current densities of nickel deposition on the rotation rate as well as on the pc variables (frequency and pause to pulse ratio) were attributed to changes in surface concentration of ammonia and the pH.
PB  - Elsevier
T2  - Surface and Coatings Technology
T1  - Pulse and direct current plating of Ni-W alloys from ammonia-citrate electrolyte
VL  - 200
IS  - 14-15
SP  - 4201
EP  - 4207
DO  - 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.12.013
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Obradović, Maja and Bosnjakov, GZ and Stevanović, Rade M. and Maksimović, Miodrag D. and Despić, Aleksandar R.",
year = "2006",
abstract = "The effect of the potential of deposition and electrode rotation rate on current efficiency and partial current density of nickel deposition from ammonia-citrate electrolyte with and without tungstate ions was investigated. In addition, the effect of pulse deposition parameters, such as frequency and ratio between pause and deposition time, t(p)/t(c), oil current efficiency and composition of Ni-W alloys was investigated. Partial current densities of tungsten and nickel deposition were calculated from experimental results and compared with those in direct current (dc) deposition at the same average current density, as well as with those calculated using theoretical equations for the pulse current (pc) deposition process controlled by mass transport. Obtained partial current densities of tungsten are in fair agreement with those predicted by theory in both cases, as a function of dimensionless pulse period and as a function of the t(p)/t(c) ratio. That confirms that the tungsten deposition process is controlled by mass transport. Dependences of the partial current densities of nickel deposition on the rotation rate as well as on the pc variables (frequency and pause to pulse ratio) were attributed to changes in surface concentration of ammonia and the pH.",
publisher = "Elsevier",
journal = "Surface and Coatings Technology",
title = "Pulse and direct current plating of Ni-W alloys from ammonia-citrate electrolyte",
volume = "200",
number = "14-15",
pages = "4201-4207",
doi = "10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.12.013"
}

Obradović, M., Bosnjakov, G., Stevanović, R. M., Maksimović, M. D.,& Despić, A. R.. (2006). Pulse and direct current plating of Ni-W alloys from ammonia-citrate electrolyte. in Surface and Coatings Technology
Elsevier., 200(14-15), 4201-4207.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.12.013

Obradović M, Bosnjakov G, Stevanović RM, Maksimović MD, Despić AR. Pulse and direct current plating of Ni-W alloys from ammonia-citrate electrolyte. in Surface and Coatings Technology. 2006;200(14-15):4201-4207.
doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.12.013 .

Obradović, Maja, Bosnjakov, GZ, Stevanović, Rade M., Maksimović, Miodrag D., Despić, Aleksandar R., "Pulse and direct current plating of Ni-W alloys from ammonia-citrate electrolyte" in Surface and Coatings Technology, 200, no. 14-15 (2006):4201-4207,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.12.013 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Obradović, Maja
AU  - Đurović, Dejan
AU  - Kowal, Andrzej
AU  - Petrović, Bisenija M.
AU  - Stojanović, V.
AU  - Maksimović, Miodrag D.
AU  - Stevanović, Rade M.
AU  - Despić, Aleksandar R.
PY  - 2005
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/199
AB  - The Ni-W alloys were electrochemically deposited from a ammonia-citrate electrolyte on rotation disc electrode with a replaceable steel disc, by direct and pulsed current. The aim of the paper is investigations of parameters of deposition, structure of alloys and temperature treatment on morphology and micro hardness of alloys.
AB  - Prevlake legure Ni-W su elektrohemijski taložene iz amonijačno-citratnog elektrolita, na rotirajuću disk elektrodu od čelika, konstantnom i pulsirajućom strujom. Cilj rada je ispitivanje uticaja parametara taloženja sastava legure i termičkog tretmana na morfologiju i mikrotvrdoću dobijenih prevlaka.
PB  - Belgrade, Serbia : Engineering Society for Corrosion
T2  - Zaštita materijala
T1  - Properties of Ni-W alloys electrochemically deposited by direct and pulse current
T1  - Karakteristike legura Ni-W elektrohemijski taloženih konstantnom i pulsirajućom strujom
VL  - 46
IS  - 3
SP  - 5
EP  - 12
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cer_199
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Obradović, Maja and Đurović, Dejan and Kowal, Andrzej and Petrović, Bisenija M. and Stojanović, V. and Maksimović, Miodrag D. and Stevanović, Rade M. and Despić, Aleksandar R.",
year = "2005",
abstract = "The Ni-W alloys were electrochemically deposited from a ammonia-citrate electrolyte on rotation disc electrode with a replaceable steel disc, by direct and pulsed current. The aim of the paper is investigations of parameters of deposition, structure of alloys and temperature treatment on morphology and micro hardness of alloys., Prevlake legure Ni-W su elektrohemijski taložene iz amonijačno-citratnog elektrolita, na rotirajuću disk elektrodu od čelika, konstantnom i pulsirajućom strujom. Cilj rada je ispitivanje uticaja parametara taloženja sastava legure i termičkog tretmana na morfologiju i mikrotvrdoću dobijenih prevlaka.",
publisher = "Belgrade, Serbia : Engineering Society for Corrosion",
journal = "Zaštita materijala",
title = "Properties of Ni-W alloys electrochemically deposited by direct and pulse current, Karakteristike legura Ni-W elektrohemijski taloženih konstantnom i pulsirajućom strujom",
volume = "46",
number = "3",
pages = "5-12",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cer_199"
}

Obradović, M., Đurović, D., Kowal, A., Petrović, B. M., Stojanović, V., Maksimović, M. D., Stevanović, R. M.,& Despić, A. R.. (2005). Properties of Ni-W alloys electrochemically deposited by direct and pulse current. in Zaštita materijala
Belgrade, Serbia : Engineering Society for Corrosion., 46(3), 5-12.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cer_199

Obradović M, Đurović D, Kowal A, Petrović BM, Stojanović V, Maksimović MD, Stevanović RM, Despić AR. Properties of Ni-W alloys electrochemically deposited by direct and pulse current. in Zaštita materijala. 2005;46(3):5-12.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cer_199 .

Obradović, Maja, Đurović, Dejan, Kowal, Andrzej, Petrović, Bisenija M., Stojanović, V., Maksimović, Miodrag D., Stevanović, Rade M., Despić, Aleksandar R., "Properties of Ni-W alloys electrochemically deposited by direct and pulse current" in Zaštita materijala, 46, no. 3 (2005):5-12,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cer_199 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Obradović, Maja
AU  - Stevanović, Rade M.
AU  - Despić, Aleksandar R.
PY  - 2003
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4179
AB  - Ammonia-citrate electrolyte is one of the solutions that are used in practice for electroplating Ni-W alloys. In this contribution, a systematic effort was made to clarify some controversies about the mechanism of the deposition reaction. Different complex species are found in the electrolyte, the most important for the alloy deposition process being the protonated tungstate-citrate complex and ammonia-citrate complex of Ni. No complex ions containing both Ni and W together could be detected by the employed (spectrophotometric) method. A critical point was found in the Tafel diagram at which W starts depositing and hydrogen evolution subsides. At potentials more positive than that, the presence of the tungsten oxide | hydroxide layer controls all the reactions at the surface. The critical point coincides with Ni-deposition passing from activation into diffusion/reaction control, which usually leads to rough, or even powdery deposits. This leads to a suggestion that the sudden beginning of W codeposition may be due to a closer approach of the complex tungstate-citrate ion from the solution to freshly deposited Ni particles sticking out and electron tunneling from those into the complex with a resulting reduction of W to the metallic state.
PB  - Elsevier
T2  - Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
T1  - Electrochemical deposition of Ni–W alloys from ammonia–citrate electrolyte
VL  - 552
SP  - 185
EP  - 196
DO  - 10.1016/S0022-0728(03)00151-7
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Obradović, Maja and Stevanović, Rade M. and Despić, Aleksandar R.",
year = "2003",
abstract = "Ammonia-citrate electrolyte is one of the solutions that are used in practice for electroplating Ni-W alloys. In this contribution, a systematic effort was made to clarify some controversies about the mechanism of the deposition reaction. Different complex species are found in the electrolyte, the most important for the alloy deposition process being the protonated tungstate-citrate complex and ammonia-citrate complex of Ni. No complex ions containing both Ni and W together could be detected by the employed (spectrophotometric) method. A critical point was found in the Tafel diagram at which W starts depositing and hydrogen evolution subsides. At potentials more positive than that, the presence of the tungsten oxide | hydroxide layer controls all the reactions at the surface. The critical point coincides with Ni-deposition passing from activation into diffusion/reaction control, which usually leads to rough, or even powdery deposits. This leads to a suggestion that the sudden beginning of W codeposition may be due to a closer approach of the complex tungstate-citrate ion from the solution to freshly deposited Ni particles sticking out and electron tunneling from those into the complex with a resulting reduction of W to the metallic state.",
publisher = "Elsevier",
journal = "Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry",
title = "Electrochemical deposition of Ni–W alloys from ammonia–citrate electrolyte",
volume = "552",
pages = "185-196",
doi = "10.1016/S0022-0728(03)00151-7"
}

Obradović, M., Stevanović, R. M.,& Despić, A. R.. (2003). Electrochemical deposition of Ni–W alloys from ammonia–citrate electrolyte. in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
Elsevier., 552, 185-196.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0728(03)00151-7

Obradović M, Stevanović RM, Despić AR. Electrochemical deposition of Ni–W alloys from ammonia–citrate electrolyte. in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry. 2003;552:185-196.
doi:10.1016/S0022-0728(03)00151-7 .

Obradović, Maja, Stevanović, Rade M., Despić, Aleksandar R., "Electrochemical deposition of Ni–W alloys from ammonia–citrate electrolyte" in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 552 (2003):185-196,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0728(03)00151-7 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stevanović, R.
AU  - Stevanović, Jasmina
AU  - Despić, Aleksandar
PY  - 2001
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/6834
AB  - The process of electroless Ni plating (EP) was activated by the cathodic deposition of precursors of Ni in the same bath in which EP takes place. The current density (c.d.), duration of cathodic activation, as well as the duration of subsequent EP were varied and the effect of these parameters on the phase composition of the resulting Ni–P deposits was determined by anodic linear sweep voltammetry (ALSV). It was found that electrochemical activation can be achieved with relatively low c.d. and short current pulses, to run at rates comparable to EP activated in other ways. The rate of EP alone was found to be in the range between 1 and 5 mC cm−2 s−1, regardless of the activation c.d. or the amount of electrochemically deposited Ni precursors. A synergistic effect was obtained in cases when a little low c.d. cathodic current was passed simultaneously with the EP. The alloys were found to consist of a solid solution of P in Ni, as well as of some phosphide compounds and pure Ni (at increasing activation c.d.). During EP, however, only the solid solution was deposited. The phase structure of the deposit can be varied to a certain extent by the activation c.d.
PB  - Springer
T2  - Journal of Applied Electrochemistry
T1  - Electrochemical activation of the electroless deposition of Ni–P alloy and phase structure characterization of the deposit Part II: Single bath system
VL  - 31
IS  - 8
SP  - 855
EP  - 862
DO  - 10.1023/A:1017518817282
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Stevanović, R. and Stevanović, Jasmina and Despić, Aleksandar",
year = "2001",
abstract = "The process of electroless Ni plating (EP) was activated by the cathodic deposition of precursors of Ni in the same bath in which EP takes place. The current density (c.d.), duration of cathodic activation, as well as the duration of subsequent EP were varied and the effect of these parameters on the phase composition of the resulting Ni–P deposits was determined by anodic linear sweep voltammetry (ALSV). It was found that electrochemical activation can be achieved with relatively low c.d. and short current pulses, to run at rates comparable to EP activated in other ways. The rate of EP alone was found to be in the range between 1 and 5 mC cm−2 s−1, regardless of the activation c.d. or the amount of electrochemically deposited Ni precursors. A synergistic effect was obtained in cases when a little low c.d. cathodic current was passed simultaneously with the EP. The alloys were found to consist of a solid solution of P in Ni, as well as of some phosphide compounds and pure Ni (at increasing activation c.d.). During EP, however, only the solid solution was deposited. The phase structure of the deposit can be varied to a certain extent by the activation c.d.",
publisher = "Springer",
journal = "Journal of Applied Electrochemistry",
title = "Electrochemical activation of the electroless deposition of Ni–P alloy and phase structure characterization of the deposit Part II: Single bath system",
volume = "31",
number = "8",
pages = "855-862",
doi = "10.1023/A:1017518817282"
}

Stevanović, R., Stevanović, J.,& Despić, A.. (2001). Electrochemical activation of the electroless deposition of Ni–P alloy and phase structure characterization of the deposit Part II: Single bath system. in Journal of Applied Electrochemistry
Springer., 31(8), 855-862.
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1017518817282

Stevanović R, Stevanović J, Despić A. Electrochemical activation of the electroless deposition of Ni–P alloy and phase structure characterization of the deposit Part II: Single bath system. in Journal of Applied Electrochemistry. 2001;31(8):855-862.
doi:10.1023/A:1017518817282 .

Stevanović, R., Stevanović, Jasmina, Despić, Aleksandar, "Electrochemical activation of the electroless deposition of Ni–P alloy and phase structure characterization of the deposit Part II: Single bath system" in Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 31, no. 8 (2001):855-862,
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1017518817282 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Obradović, Maja
AU  - Stevanović, Jasmina
AU  - Despić, Aleksandar R.
AU  - Stevanović, Rade M.
AU  - Stoch, Jerzy
PY  - 2001
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/29
AB  - Ni-W alloys electrodeposited from citrate solution consist of three different phases, which are all present in high W-content alloys: a solid solution of W in a Ni matrix; an intermetallic compound Ni4W, as well as another solid solution of W in Ni with a W content higher than 20 mol. %. XPS analysis revealed that the alloys were covered with a surface layer of complex structure containing the pure metals Ni and W, Ni(OH)2 andWO3, on the very surface as well as some partially reduced oxideWO2.72 (most probably a solid solution ofWO2.72 in Ni) and tungsten carbide in the layer underneath. It is highly likely that some of the oxide species in the layer act as intermediates in the cathodic deposition process. Identifying these species should be the clue to a more detailed understanding of the mechanism of induced deposition of W than has been achieved so far. Corrosion of Ni-W alloys in sulfuric acid solution at OCP, occurs by the preferential dissolution of nickel from the surface layer. The longer the corrosion process lasts, the more the surface behaves like pure W. The lowest initial corrosion rates were recorded with alloys rich in W, but after aging at OCP the lowest corrosion c.d. was found for the Ni-W alloy with the most homogenous phase structure, consisting of the solid solution only.
AB  - Elektrohemijski taložene legure Ni-W iz citratnog rastvora sadrže tri različite faze, koje su prisutne pri visokom sadržaju W u leguri: čvrst rastvor W u Ni; intermetalno jedinjenje Ni4Wi čvrst rastvor Wu Ni sa sadržajem W većim od 20 mol %. XPS analizom je pokazano da su legure pokrivene slojem složene strukture. Ovaj sloj sadrži čiste metale Ni i W, Ni(OH)2 i WO3, na samoj površini. U sloju ispod same površine nađeni su i delimično redukovan oksid WO2,72 (najverovatnije čvrst rastvor WO2,72 u Ni) i volfram-karbid. Vrlo je verovatno da neka od oksidnih vrsta u sloju učestvuje kao intermedijer u procesu katodnog taloženja. Identifikacija te vrste mogla bi doprineti boljem razumevanju mehanizma indukovanog taloženja volframa. Na potencijalu otvorenog kola u sumpornoj kiselini korozioni proces se odigrava tako što se preferencijalno rastvara Ni iz površinskog sloja legure. Ukoliko korozioni proces traje duže utoliko korozione karakteristike postaju sve sličnije onima za čist W. Niže početne brzine korozije dobijene su za legure sa većim sadržajem W. Međutim, nakon stajanja na potencijalu otvorenog kola niže korozione struje su dobijene za Ni-W leguru homogene fazne strukture koja sadrži samo čvrst rastvor.
PB  - Serbian Chemical Society
T2  - Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society
T1  - Characterization and corrosion properties of electrodeposited Ni-W alloys
T1  - Karakterizacija i korozione karakteristike elektrohemijski taložene legure Ni-W
VL  - 66
IS  - 11-12
SP  - 899
EP  - 912
DO  - 10.2298/jsc0112899o
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cer_29
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Obradović, Maja and Stevanović, Jasmina and Despić, Aleksandar R. and Stevanović, Rade M. and Stoch, Jerzy",
year = "2001",
abstract = "Ni-W alloys electrodeposited from citrate solution consist of three different phases, which are all present in high W-content alloys: a solid solution of W in a Ni matrix; an intermetallic compound Ni4W, as well as another solid solution of W in Ni with a W content higher than 20 mol. %. XPS analysis revealed that the alloys were covered with a surface layer of complex structure containing the pure metals Ni and W, Ni(OH)2 andWO3, on the very surface as well as some partially reduced oxideWO2.72 (most probably a solid solution ofWO2.72 in Ni) and tungsten carbide in the layer underneath. It is highly likely that some of the oxide species in the layer act as intermediates in the cathodic deposition process. Identifying these species should be the clue to a more detailed understanding of the mechanism of induced deposition of W than has been achieved so far. Corrosion of Ni-W alloys in sulfuric acid solution at OCP, occurs by the preferential dissolution of nickel from the surface layer. The longer the corrosion process lasts, the more the surface behaves like pure W. The lowest initial corrosion rates were recorded with alloys rich in W, but after aging at OCP the lowest corrosion c.d. was found for the Ni-W alloy with the most homogenous phase structure, consisting of the solid solution only., Elektrohemijski taložene legure Ni-W iz citratnog rastvora sadrže tri različite faze, koje su prisutne pri visokom sadržaju W u leguri: čvrst rastvor W u Ni; intermetalno jedinjenje Ni4Wi čvrst rastvor Wu Ni sa sadržajem W većim od 20 mol %. XPS analizom je pokazano da su legure pokrivene slojem složene strukture. Ovaj sloj sadrži čiste metale Ni i W, Ni(OH)2 i WO3, na samoj površini. U sloju ispod same površine nađeni su i delimično redukovan oksid WO2,72 (najverovatnije čvrst rastvor WO2,72 u Ni) i volfram-karbid. Vrlo je verovatno da neka od oksidnih vrsta u sloju učestvuje kao intermedijer u procesu katodnog taloženja. Identifikacija te vrste mogla bi doprineti boljem razumevanju mehanizma indukovanog taloženja volframa. Na potencijalu otvorenog kola u sumpornoj kiselini korozioni proces se odigrava tako što se preferencijalno rastvara Ni iz površinskog sloja legure. Ukoliko korozioni proces traje duže utoliko korozione karakteristike postaju sve sličnije onima za čist W. Niže početne brzine korozije dobijene su za legure sa većim sadržajem W. Međutim, nakon stajanja na potencijalu otvorenog kola niže korozione struje su dobijene za Ni-W leguru homogene fazne strukture koja sadrži samo čvrst rastvor.",
publisher = "Serbian Chemical Society",
journal = "Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society",
title = "Characterization and corrosion properties of electrodeposited Ni-W alloys, Karakterizacija i korozione karakteristike elektrohemijski taložene legure Ni-W",
volume = "66",
number = "11-12",
pages = "899-912",
doi = "10.2298/jsc0112899o",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cer_29"
}

Obradović, M., Stevanović, J., Despić, A. R., Stevanović, R. M.,& Stoch, J.. (2001). Characterization and corrosion properties of electrodeposited Ni-W alloys. in Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society
Serbian Chemical Society., 66(11-12), 899-912.
https://doi.org/10.2298/jsc0112899o
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cer_29

Obradović M, Stevanović J, Despić AR, Stevanović RM, Stoch J. Characterization and corrosion properties of electrodeposited Ni-W alloys. in Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society. 2001;66(11-12):899-912.
doi:10.2298/jsc0112899o
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cer_29 .

Obradović, Maja, Stevanović, Jasmina, Despić, Aleksandar R., Stevanović, Rade M., Stoch, Jerzy, "Characterization and corrosion properties of electrodeposited Ni-W alloys" in Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, 66, no. 11-12 (2001):899-912,
https://doi.org/10.2298/jsc0112899o .,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cer_29 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stevanović, R.
AU  - Stevanović, Jasmina
AU  - Despić, Aleksandar
PY  - 1999
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/6833
AB  - A typical low temperature alkaline bath was chosen for the investigation of the effect of electrochemical activation on the efficiency of the electroless deposition of Ni and on the phase structure of the Ni–P alloys obtained. Electrochemical deposition was separated from chemical deposition by employing a two bath sequence, the first (i.e., the bath for electrochemical activation) being free of reducing agent. It was found that an activation current density, as well as an amount of precursors at the surface larger than a critical value (0.5mA cm−2 and 8 mC cm−2, respectively) are required for the electroless process to take place. The phenomenon was explained in terms of nucleation theory. Anodic linear sweep voltammetry (ALSV) of the Ni–P alloys obtained after electrochemical activation, as well as of those obtained after chemical (Sn–Pd) activation, indicated the presence of two dominant phases, that is, a solid solution of P in Ni, and a nickel phosphide compound, most probably Ni2P. It was also shown that changes in the phase structure of the electroless Ni–P deposit upon thermal treatment may be followed by employing (ALSV).
PB  - Springer
T2  - Journal of Applied Electrochemistry
T1  - Electrochemical activation of the electroless deposition of Ni–P alloy and phase structure characterization of the deposit. Part I: Dual bath system
VL  - 29
IS  - 6
SP  - 751
EP  - 756
DO  - 10.1023/A:1003557822846
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Stevanović, R. and Stevanović, Jasmina and Despić, Aleksandar",
year = "1999",
abstract = "A typical low temperature alkaline bath was chosen for the investigation of the effect of electrochemical activation on the efficiency of the electroless deposition of Ni and on the phase structure of the Ni–P alloys obtained. Electrochemical deposition was separated from chemical deposition by employing a two bath sequence, the first (i.e., the bath for electrochemical activation) being free of reducing agent. It was found that an activation current density, as well as an amount of precursors at the surface larger than a critical value (0.5mA cm−2 and 8 mC cm−2, respectively) are required for the electroless process to take place. The phenomenon was explained in terms of nucleation theory. Anodic linear sweep voltammetry (ALSV) of the Ni–P alloys obtained after electrochemical activation, as well as of those obtained after chemical (Sn–Pd) activation, indicated the presence of two dominant phases, that is, a solid solution of P in Ni, and a nickel phosphide compound, most probably Ni2P. It was also shown that changes in the phase structure of the electroless Ni–P deposit upon thermal treatment may be followed by employing (ALSV).",
publisher = "Springer",
journal = "Journal of Applied Electrochemistry",
title = "Electrochemical activation of the electroless deposition of Ni–P alloy and phase structure characterization of the deposit. Part I: Dual bath system",
volume = "29",
number = "6",
pages = "751-756",
doi = "10.1023/A:1003557822846"
}

Stevanović, R., Stevanović, J.,& Despić, A.. (1999). Electrochemical activation of the electroless deposition of Ni–P alloy and phase structure characterization of the deposit. Part I: Dual bath system. in Journal of Applied Electrochemistry
Springer., 29(6), 751-756.
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003557822846

Stevanović R, Stevanović J, Despić A. Electrochemical activation of the electroless deposition of Ni–P alloy and phase structure characterization of the deposit. Part I: Dual bath system. in Journal of Applied Electrochemistry. 1999;29(6):751-756.
doi:10.1023/A:1003557822846 .

Stevanović, R., Stevanović, Jasmina, Despić, Aleksandar, "Electrochemical activation of the electroless deposition of Ni–P alloy and phase structure characterization of the deposit. Part I: Dual bath system" in Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 29, no. 6 (1999):751-756,
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003557822846 . .

TY  - CHAP
AU  - Despić, Aleksandar R.
AU  - Jović, Vladimir D.
PY  - 1995
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3354
AB  - It is general experience in materials science that alloys can exhibit qualities that are unobtainable with the parent metals. This is true of electroplated deposits as well. Thus, such properties as hardness, tensile strength, ductility, Young’s modulus, density, corrosion resistance, solderability, wear resistance, and antifriction service may be enhanced. Also, special properties not exhibited by the parent metals can be obtained, such as high magnetic permeability or other desired magnetic and electrical properties, amorphous structure, etc. Alloy plates may be more suitable than the parent metals for subsequent electroplate overlays and conversion chemical treatments.
PB  - Springer Science and Business Media LLC
T2  - Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry
T1  - Electrochemical Deposition and Dissolution of Alloys and Metal Composites—Fundamental Aspects
VL  - 27
SP  - 143
EP  - 232
DO  - 10.1007/978-1-4899-1724-9_2
ER  - 

@inbook{
author = "Despić, Aleksandar R. and Jović, Vladimir D.",
year = "1995",
abstract = "It is general experience in materials science that alloys can exhibit qualities that are unobtainable with the parent metals. This is true of electroplated deposits as well. Thus, such properties as hardness, tensile strength, ductility, Young’s modulus, density, corrosion resistance, solderability, wear resistance, and antifriction service may be enhanced. Also, special properties not exhibited by the parent metals can be obtained, such as high magnetic permeability or other desired magnetic and electrical properties, amorphous structure, etc. Alloy plates may be more suitable than the parent metals for subsequent electroplate overlays and conversion chemical treatments.",
publisher = "Springer Science and Business Media LLC",
journal = "Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry",
booktitle = "Electrochemical Deposition and Dissolution of Alloys and Metal Composites—Fundamental Aspects",
volume = "27",
pages = "143-232",
doi = "10.1007/978-1-4899-1724-9_2"
}

Despić, A. R.,& Jović, V. D.. (1995). Electrochemical Deposition and Dissolution of Alloys and Metal Composites—Fundamental Aspects. in Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry
Springer Science and Business Media LLC., 27, 143-232.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1724-9_2

Despić AR, Jović VD. Electrochemical Deposition and Dissolution of Alloys and Metal Composites—Fundamental Aspects. in Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry. 1995;27:143-232.
doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-1724-9_2 .

Despić, Aleksandar R., Jović, Vladimir D., "Electrochemical Deposition and Dissolution of Alloys and Metal Composites—Fundamental Aspects" in Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, 27 (1995):143-232,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1724-9_2 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stevanović, Jasmina
AU  - Skibina, LJ.
AU  - Stefanović, M.
AU  - Despić, Aleksandar
AU  - Jović, Vladimir D.
PY  - 1992
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/6832
AB  - Anodic linear-sweep voltammetry (ALSV) was applied to electrodeposited alloy layers and to metallurgically obtained Cu−Zn alloys of different composition and structure. Metallurgically obtained samples covered the range of composition in which α, (α+β), β and (β+γ) intermediate phases were detected by X-ray. The ALSV of samples containing less than 30 wt % Zn exhibited a single peak at −0.08 to −0.1 V/SCE before massive dissolution, starting at about −0.05 V/SCE. The presence of the γ-phase gave another peak at a significantly more negative potential (−0.25 to −0.35 V/SCE). The ALSV of electrodeposited alloys were significantly more complex than the former, depending on the deposition potentials, with peaks attributable to pure Zn, to the ε-phase, to the η-phase as well as to the α-phase, present in most cases and dissolving at potentials similar to that of pure Cu. ALSV was shown to be a reliable and practical method for a fast determination of both the composition and the phase structure of electrodeposited brass.
PB  - Springer
T2  - Journal of Applied Electrochemistry
T1  - Phase-structure analysis of brass by anodic linear-sweep voltammetry
VL  - 22
IS  - 2
SP  - 172
EP  - 178
DO  - 10.1007/BF01023820
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Stevanović, Jasmina and Skibina, LJ. and Stefanović, M. and Despić, Aleksandar and Jović, Vladimir D.",
year = "1992",
abstract = "Anodic linear-sweep voltammetry (ALSV) was applied to electrodeposited alloy layers and to metallurgically obtained Cu−Zn alloys of different composition and structure. Metallurgically obtained samples covered the range of composition in which α, (α+β), β and (β+γ) intermediate phases were detected by X-ray. The ALSV of samples containing less than 30 wt % Zn exhibited a single peak at −0.08 to −0.1 V/SCE before massive dissolution, starting at about −0.05 V/SCE. The presence of the γ-phase gave another peak at a significantly more negative potential (−0.25 to −0.35 V/SCE). The ALSV of electrodeposited alloys were significantly more complex than the former, depending on the deposition potentials, with peaks attributable to pure Zn, to the ε-phase, to the η-phase as well as to the α-phase, present in most cases and dissolving at potentials similar to that of pure Cu. ALSV was shown to be a reliable and practical method for a fast determination of both the composition and the phase structure of electrodeposited brass.",
publisher = "Springer",
journal = "Journal of Applied Electrochemistry",
title = "Phase-structure analysis of brass by anodic linear-sweep voltammetry",
volume = "22",
number = "2",
pages = "172-178",
doi = "10.1007/BF01023820"
}

Stevanović, J., Skibina, LJ., Stefanović, M., Despić, A.,& Jović, V. D.. (1992). Phase-structure analysis of brass by anodic linear-sweep voltammetry. in Journal of Applied Electrochemistry
Springer., 22(2), 172-178.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01023820

Stevanović J, Skibina L, Stefanović M, Despić A, Jović VD. Phase-structure analysis of brass by anodic linear-sweep voltammetry. in Journal of Applied Electrochemistry. 1992;22(2):172-178.
doi:10.1007/BF01023820 .

Stevanović, Jasmina, Skibina, LJ., Stefanović, M., Despić, Aleksandar, Jović, Vladimir D., "Phase-structure analysis of brass by anodic linear-sweep voltammetry" in Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 22, no. 2 (1992):172-178,
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01023820 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jović, Vladimir D.
AU  - Spaić, Savo
AU  - Despić, Aleksandar R.
AU  - Stevanović, Jasmina S.
AU  - Pristavec, Matjaž
PY  - 1991
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4363
AB  - An attempt was made to analyse the phase structure of thin layers of electrodeposited Cu–Cd alloys using anodic linear sweep voltammetry combined with a potentiostatic pulse technique (ALSV–PPT). The results were compared with data obtained using conventional techniques for phase structure analysis. It was found that application of the conventional X-ray technique (Guinier analysis) is limited, because the grain size of the alloy constituents is too small for compounds to be revealed by X-ray peaks. Electrodeposited alloys could be successfully analysed using that method only after subsequent thermal treatment. Diffraction patterns from transmission electron micrographs of very thin foils (of the order of 20–50 nm) of electrodeposited 75Cd–25Cu (at.-%) alloy revealed the presence of CuCd3 intermetallic compound having a grain size of ~20 nm. By comparing all the results, the distribution of the various intermetallic compounds present at various stages in the electrodeposition of thin (up to 10 μm) layers of Cu–Cd alloys could be established. Combined ALSV–PPT was found to be more sensitive than either of the other methods employed. MST/1206.
PB  - USA :Taylor & Francis INC
T2  - Materials Science and Technology
T1  - Identification of intermetallic compounds in thin layers of electrodeposited Cu–Cd alloys using electrochemical techniques
VL  - 7
IS  - 11
SP  - 1021
EP  - 1030
DO  - 10.1179/mst.1991.7.11.1021
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Jović, Vladimir D. and Spaić, Savo and Despić, Aleksandar R. and Stevanović, Jasmina S. and Pristavec, Matjaž",
year = "1991",
abstract = "An attempt was made to analyse the phase structure of thin layers of electrodeposited Cu–Cd alloys using anodic linear sweep voltammetry combined with a potentiostatic pulse technique (ALSV–PPT). The results were compared with data obtained using conventional techniques for phase structure analysis. It was found that application of the conventional X-ray technique (Guinier analysis) is limited, because the grain size of the alloy constituents is too small for compounds to be revealed by X-ray peaks. Electrodeposited alloys could be successfully analysed using that method only after subsequent thermal treatment. Diffraction patterns from transmission electron micrographs of very thin foils (of the order of 20–50 nm) of electrodeposited 75Cd–25Cu (at.-%) alloy revealed the presence of CuCd3 intermetallic compound having a grain size of ~20 nm. By comparing all the results, the distribution of the various intermetallic compounds present at various stages in the electrodeposition of thin (up to 10 μm) layers of Cu–Cd alloys could be established. Combined ALSV–PPT was found to be more sensitive than either of the other methods employed. MST/1206.",
publisher = "USA :Taylor & Francis INC",
journal = "Materials Science and Technology",
title = "Identification of intermetallic compounds in thin layers of electrodeposited Cu–Cd alloys using electrochemical techniques",
volume = "7",
number = "11",
pages = "1021-1030",
doi = "10.1179/mst.1991.7.11.1021"
}

Jović, V. D., Spaić, S., Despić, A. R., Stevanović, J. S.,& Pristavec, M.. (1991). Identification of intermetallic compounds in thin layers of electrodeposited Cu–Cd alloys using electrochemical techniques. in Materials Science and Technology
USA :Taylor & Francis INC., 7(11), 1021-1030.
https://doi.org/10.1179/mst.1991.7.11.1021

Jović VD, Spaić S, Despić AR, Stevanović JS, Pristavec M. Identification of intermetallic compounds in thin layers of electrodeposited Cu–Cd alloys using electrochemical techniques. in Materials Science and Technology. 1991;7(11):1021-1030.
doi:10.1179/mst.1991.7.11.1021 .

Jović, Vladimir D., Spaić, Savo, Despić, Aleksandar R., Stevanović, Jasmina S., Pristavec, Matjaž, "Identification of intermetallic compounds in thin layers of electrodeposited Cu–Cd alloys using electrochemical techniques" in Materials Science and Technology, 7, no. 11 (1991):1021-1030,
https://doi.org/10.1179/mst.1991.7.11.1021 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Skibina, Lj M.
AU  - Stevanović, Jasmina S.
AU  - Despić, Aleksandar R.
PY  - 1991
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4389
AB  - Anodic linear sweep voltammograms (ALSVs) have been recorded for thin layers of Cu + Sn alloys electrochemically deposited on graphite from a pyrophosphate bath. Three characteristic peaks were found. The first peak, appearing in the ALSVs of all samples, could be ascribed both to pure Cu (in the deposit obtained at low cathodic polarization) and to the η-Cu6Sn5 phase, while one of the other two peaks appearing only in the samples obtained at low cathodic polarization should reflect the presence of the ε{lunate}-Cu3Sn phase. The other peak, appearing only in the samples obtained at high cathodic polarization, is likely to reflect the presence of the tin-rich β-solid solution. The phase composition, in terms of the content of different phases, was determined as a function of the thickness of the alloy as well as of the deposition potential.
PB  - Elsevier
T2  - Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
T1  - ALSV investigation of the phase composition of electrolytic Cu + Sn alloys
VL  - 310
IS  - 1-2
SP  - 391
EP  - 401
DO  - 10.1016/0022-0728(91)85274-S
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Skibina, Lj M. and Stevanović, Jasmina S. and Despić, Aleksandar R.",
year = "1991",
abstract = "Anodic linear sweep voltammograms (ALSVs) have been recorded for thin layers of Cu + Sn alloys electrochemically deposited on graphite from a pyrophosphate bath. Three characteristic peaks were found. The first peak, appearing in the ALSVs of all samples, could be ascribed both to pure Cu (in the deposit obtained at low cathodic polarization) and to the η-Cu6Sn5 phase, while one of the other two peaks appearing only in the samples obtained at low cathodic polarization should reflect the presence of the ε{lunate}-Cu3Sn phase. The other peak, appearing only in the samples obtained at high cathodic polarization, is likely to reflect the presence of the tin-rich β-solid solution. The phase composition, in terms of the content of different phases, was determined as a function of the thickness of the alloy as well as of the deposition potential.",
publisher = "Elsevier",
journal = "Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry",
title = "ALSV investigation of the phase composition of electrolytic Cu + Sn alloys",
volume = "310",
number = "1-2",
pages = "391-401",
doi = "10.1016/0022-0728(91)85274-S"
}

Skibina, L. M., Stevanović, J. S.,& Despić, A. R.. (1991). ALSV investigation of the phase composition of electrolytic Cu + Sn alloys. in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
Elsevier., 310(1-2), 391-401.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0728(91)85274-S

Skibina LM, Stevanović JS, Despić AR. ALSV investigation of the phase composition of electrolytic Cu + Sn alloys. in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry. 1991;310(1-2):391-401.
doi:10.1016/0022-0728(91)85274-S .

Skibina, Lj M., Stevanović, Jasmina S., Despić, Aleksandar R., "ALSV investigation of the phase composition of electrolytic Cu + Sn alloys" in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 310, no. 1-2 (1991):391-401,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0728(91)85274-S . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stevanović, Rade M.
AU  - Despić, Aleksandar R.
AU  - Dražić, Dragutin M.
PY  - 1988
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4313
AB  - Galvanostatic transients were recorded for anodic dissolution of high purity aluminium in neutral chloride solutions. All transients, except at very low current densities (below 50 μA cm-2), are characterized by an overshoot and a sudden decay of potential to the potential plateau of active anodic dissolution. Initial portions of the transients were analyzed for electrode capacitance and oxide growth. Sudden decay is interpreted in terms of adsorption of chloride and its effect on the structure and conductivity of the oxide film.
PB  - Elsevier
T2  - Electrochimica Acta
T1  - Activation of aluminium in chloride containing solutions
VL  - 33
IS  - 3
SP  - 397
EP  - 404
DO  - 10.1016/0013-4686(88)85035-7
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Stevanović, Rade M. and Despić, Aleksandar R. and Dražić, Dragutin M.",
year = "1988",
abstract = "Galvanostatic transients were recorded for anodic dissolution of high purity aluminium in neutral chloride solutions. All transients, except at very low current densities (below 50 μA cm-2), are characterized by an overshoot and a sudden decay of potential to the potential plateau of active anodic dissolution. Initial portions of the transients were analyzed for electrode capacitance and oxide growth. Sudden decay is interpreted in terms of adsorption of chloride and its effect on the structure and conductivity of the oxide film.",
publisher = "Elsevier",
journal = "Electrochimica Acta",
title = "Activation of aluminium in chloride containing solutions",
volume = "33",
number = "3",
pages = "397-404",
doi = "10.1016/0013-4686(88)85035-7"
}

Stevanović, R. M., Despić, A. R.,& Dražić, D. M.. (1988). Activation of aluminium in chloride containing solutions. in Electrochimica Acta
Elsevier., 33(3), 397-404.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(88)85035-7

Stevanović RM, Despić AR, Dražić DM. Activation of aluminium in chloride containing solutions. in Electrochimica Acta. 1988;33(3):397-404.
doi:10.1016/0013-4686(88)85035-7 .

Stevanović, Rade M., Despić, Aleksandar R., Dražić, Dragutin M., "Activation of aluminium in chloride containing solutions" in Electrochimica Acta, 33, no. 3 (1988):397-404,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(88)85035-7 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dražić, Dragutin M.
AU  - Zečević, Strahinja K.
AU  - Atanasoski, Radoslav
AU  - Despić, Aleksandar
PY  - 1983
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4415
AB  - Aluminum has been known to exhibit widely different electrochemical properties in different aqueous electrolytes. Thus, OH- ions in strongly alkaline solutions reveal its strong affinity to water by dissolving its protective oxide film. The metal establishes a very negative electrode potential, undergoing violent corrosion resulting in the evolution of hydrogen and the formation of aluminate ions. In this communication, some experiments on the effect of activity promoting anions are presented and a model is forwarded for a possible explanation of the observed phenomena.
PB  - Elsevier
T2  - Electrochimica Acta
T1  - The effect of anions on the electrochemical behaviour of aluminium
VL  - 28
IS  - 5
SP  - 751
EP  - 755
DO  - 10.1016/0013-4686(83)85076-2
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Dražić, Dragutin M. and Zečević, Strahinja K. and Atanasoski, Radoslav and Despić, Aleksandar",
year = "1983",
abstract = "Aluminum has been known to exhibit widely different electrochemical properties in different aqueous electrolytes. Thus, OH- ions in strongly alkaline solutions reveal its strong affinity to water by dissolving its protective oxide film. The metal establishes a very negative electrode potential, undergoing violent corrosion resulting in the evolution of hydrogen and the formation of aluminate ions. In this communication, some experiments on the effect of activity promoting anions are presented and a model is forwarded for a possible explanation of the observed phenomena.",
publisher = "Elsevier",
journal = "Electrochimica Acta",
title = "The effect of anions on the electrochemical behaviour of aluminium",
volume = "28",
number = "5",
pages = "751-755",
doi = "10.1016/0013-4686(83)85076-2"
}

Dražić, D. M., Zečević, S. K., Atanasoski, R.,& Despić, A.. (1983). The effect of anions on the electrochemical behaviour of aluminium. in Electrochimica Acta
Elsevier., 28(5), 751-755.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(83)85076-2

Dražić DM, Zečević SK, Atanasoski R, Despić A. The effect of anions on the electrochemical behaviour of aluminium. in Electrochimica Acta. 1983;28(5):751-755.
doi:10.1016/0013-4686(83)85076-2 .

Dražić, Dragutin M., Zečević, Strahinja K., Atanasoski, Radoslav, Despić, Aleksandar, "The effect of anions on the electrochemical behaviour of aluminium" in Electrochimica Acta, 28, no. 5 (1983):751-755,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(83)85076-2 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Despić, Aleksandar R.
AU  - Pavlović, Miomir G.
PY  - 1982
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4314
AB  - Initial stage of deposition of zinc from buffered zinc sulphate solution (pH = 3.55) was studied using platinum, gold and graphite as substrates. The phenomenon of underpotential deposition, noted by recording potential sweep voltammograms (PSV), was taken as a criterion of the existence and strength of interaction between a substrate and the depositing metal. Strong adhesive interactions (including alloy formation) were found in the case of platinum and gold with indication of the existence of multiple states of zinc atoms at the surface. Graphite exhibited no notable interaction and at cathodic overpotentials a characteristic surface growth loop was recorded in the PSV. The later was submitted to a semiquantitative interpretation assuming instantaneous 3-D nucleation and growth with overlap of growing centres. Kinetics of deposition was investigated under the same conditions using a specially design potential pulse sequence enabling separate estimate of zinc deposition and hydrogen evolution partial currents. Recorded current responses were in line with the hypothesis that the deposition at substrates exhibiting strong interactions proceeds without notable nucleation effects. In the absence of such interactions phenomena typical of three-dimensional nucleation and growth are observed.
PB  - Elsevier
T2  - Electrochimica Acta
T1  - Deposition of zinc of foreign substrates
VL  - 27
IS  - 11
SP  - 1539
EP  - 1549
DO  - 10.1016/0013-4686(82)80081-9
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Despić, Aleksandar R. and Pavlović, Miomir G.",
year = "1982",
abstract = "Initial stage of deposition of zinc from buffered zinc sulphate solution (pH = 3.55) was studied using platinum, gold and graphite as substrates. The phenomenon of underpotential deposition, noted by recording potential sweep voltammograms (PSV), was taken as a criterion of the existence and strength of interaction between a substrate and the depositing metal. Strong adhesive interactions (including alloy formation) were found in the case of platinum and gold with indication of the existence of multiple states of zinc atoms at the surface. Graphite exhibited no notable interaction and at cathodic overpotentials a characteristic surface growth loop was recorded in the PSV. The later was submitted to a semiquantitative interpretation assuming instantaneous 3-D nucleation and growth with overlap of growing centres. Kinetics of deposition was investigated under the same conditions using a specially design potential pulse sequence enabling separate estimate of zinc deposition and hydrogen evolution partial currents. Recorded current responses were in line with the hypothesis that the deposition at substrates exhibiting strong interactions proceeds without notable nucleation effects. In the absence of such interactions phenomena typical of three-dimensional nucleation and growth are observed.",
publisher = "Elsevier",
journal = "Electrochimica Acta",
title = "Deposition of zinc of foreign substrates",
volume = "27",
number = "11",
pages = "1539-1549",
doi = "10.1016/0013-4686(82)80081-9"
}

Despić, A. R.,& Pavlović, M. G.. (1982). Deposition of zinc of foreign substrates. in Electrochimica Acta
Elsevier., 27(11), 1539-1549.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(82)80081-9

Despić AR, Pavlović MG. Deposition of zinc of foreign substrates. in Electrochimica Acta. 1982;27(11):1539-1549.
doi:10.1016/0013-4686(82)80081-9 .

Despić, Aleksandar R., Pavlović, Miomir G., "Deposition of zinc of foreign substrates" in Electrochimica Acta, 27, no. 11 (1982):1539-1549,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(82)80081-9 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Despić, Aleksandar
AU  - Dražić, Dragutin M.
AU  - Zečević, Strahinja K.
AU  - Atanasoski, Radoslav
PY  - 1981
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4414
AB  - Two types of anodic oxidation of aluminum have been recognized in the past: a) oxidation requiring a steady increase of voltage drop across the interface up to a few hundred volts in order to overcome the resistance of increasingly thick compact oxide layer and maintain a steady oxidation current, and b) a porous oxide layer forming oxidation resulting in layers of significant thickness, rather regular structure and with good adsorbing qualities (representing the basis of decorative anodization processes). The third type of oxidation is recognized, following seemingly normal anodic dissolution kinetics. This type of dissolution has been obtained in chloride, chlorate, and perchlorate solution and in some other electrolytes. In this third type, it has been found recently, however, that a careful elimination of pseudo-ohmic overpotential leads to an unusual type of polarization behavior, whereby after reaching some current density range, the polarization of the aluminum-electrolyte interface alone, decreases with increasing current density in an approximately linear. It is the purpose of this short communication to report in more detail about this phenomenon which is tantamount to the appearance of negative equivalent resistance at the surface.
PB  - Elsevier
T2  - Electrochimica Acta
T1  - Abnormal polarization change in anodic dissolution of aluminium at high current densities
VL  - 26
IS  - 1
SP  - 173
EP  - 177
DO  - 10.1016/0013-4686(81)80021-7
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Despić, Aleksandar and Dražić, Dragutin M. and Zečević, Strahinja K. and Atanasoski, Radoslav",
year = "1981",
abstract = "Two types of anodic oxidation of aluminum have been recognized in the past: a) oxidation requiring a steady increase of voltage drop across the interface up to a few hundred volts in order to overcome the resistance of increasingly thick compact oxide layer and maintain a steady oxidation current, and b) a porous oxide layer forming oxidation resulting in layers of significant thickness, rather regular structure and with good adsorbing qualities (representing the basis of decorative anodization processes). The third type of oxidation is recognized, following seemingly normal anodic dissolution kinetics. This type of dissolution has been obtained in chloride, chlorate, and perchlorate solution and in some other electrolytes. In this third type, it has been found recently, however, that a careful elimination of pseudo-ohmic overpotential leads to an unusual type of polarization behavior, whereby after reaching some current density range, the polarization of the aluminum-electrolyte interface alone, decreases with increasing current density in an approximately linear. It is the purpose of this short communication to report in more detail about this phenomenon which is tantamount to the appearance of negative equivalent resistance at the surface.",
publisher = "Elsevier",
journal = "Electrochimica Acta",
title = "Abnormal polarization change in anodic dissolution of aluminium at high current densities",
volume = "26",
number = "1",
pages = "173-177",
doi = "10.1016/0013-4686(81)80021-7"
}

Despić, A., Dražić, D. M., Zečević, S. K.,& Atanasoski, R.. (1981). Abnormal polarization change in anodic dissolution of aluminium at high current densities. in Electrochimica Acta
Elsevier., 26(1), 173-177.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(81)80021-7

Despić A, Dražić DM, Zečević SK, Atanasoski R. Abnormal polarization change in anodic dissolution of aluminium at high current densities. in Electrochimica Acta. 1981;26(1):173-177.
doi:10.1016/0013-4686(81)80021-7 .

Despić, Aleksandar, Dražić, Dragutin M., Zečević, Strahinja K., Atanasoski, Radoslav, "Abnormal polarization change in anodic dissolution of aluminium at high current densities" in Electrochimica Acta, 26, no. 1 (1981):173-177,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(81)80021-7 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Despić, Aleksandar R.
AU  - Dražić, Dragutin M.
AU  - Mihailović, Milhailo Lj.
AU  - Lorenc, Ljubinka
AU  - Adžić, Radoslav R.
AU  - Ivić, M.
PY  - 1979
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2755
AB  - Pulsation of potential of a gold electrode in the double-layer region, between the p.z.c. and a several hundred millivolts more positive value, was found to increase the rate of hydrolysis of tertiary butyl acetate. The homogeneous rate constant of hydrolysis at 35°C was found to be 1.4×10-6 s-1 in the absence of the electric field imposed by pulsation, while in the presence of the field at the ratio of the electrode surface area to the volume of reacting solution of 0.08 cm-1, it was found to be up to 7.2×10-5 s-1 indicating a heterogeneous rate constant of 9×10-4 s-1 cm-2. Effects of changing the potential limits, the frequency of pulsation and the ratio of time intervals during which the electrode has been maintained at one or the other potential limit have been recorded. The same effects are found when gold was replaced by silver. Tertiary butyl acetate is known to undergo hydrolysis by bond breaking between oxygen and tertiary carbon atom and the formation of a carb-cation radical intermediate. It is assumed that the catalytic effect is due to the polarisation of the adsorbed and suitably oriented molecules along the bond in the high electric field acting upon it in the Helmholtz layer during the potential pulse. The process is a non-faradaic one since no charge is transferred across the double layer. © 1979 Elsevier Sequoia S.A.
PB  - Elsevier Sequoia S.A., Lausanne
T2  - Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
T1  - Non-faradaic electrocatalysis. Part I. Acceleration of ester hydrolysis in the electrochemical double layer
VL  - 100
IS  - 1-2
SP  - 913
EP  - 925
DO  - 10.1016/S0022-0728(79)80209-0
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Despić, Aleksandar R. and Dražić, Dragutin M. and Mihailović, Milhailo Lj. and Lorenc, Ljubinka and Adžić, Radoslav R. and Ivić, M.",
year = "1979",
abstract = "Pulsation of potential of a gold electrode in the double-layer region, between the p.z.c. and a several hundred millivolts more positive value, was found to increase the rate of hydrolysis of tertiary butyl acetate. The homogeneous rate constant of hydrolysis at 35°C was found to be 1.4×10-6 s-1 in the absence of the electric field imposed by pulsation, while in the presence of the field at the ratio of the electrode surface area to the volume of reacting solution of 0.08 cm-1, it was found to be up to 7.2×10-5 s-1 indicating a heterogeneous rate constant of 9×10-4 s-1 cm-2. Effects of changing the potential limits, the frequency of pulsation and the ratio of time intervals during which the electrode has been maintained at one or the other potential limit have been recorded. The same effects are found when gold was replaced by silver. Tertiary butyl acetate is known to undergo hydrolysis by bond breaking between oxygen and tertiary carbon atom and the formation of a carb-cation radical intermediate. It is assumed that the catalytic effect is due to the polarisation of the adsorbed and suitably oriented molecules along the bond in the high electric field acting upon it in the Helmholtz layer during the potential pulse. The process is a non-faradaic one since no charge is transferred across the double layer. © 1979 Elsevier Sequoia S.A.",
publisher = "Elsevier Sequoia S.A., Lausanne",
journal = "Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry",
title = "Non-faradaic electrocatalysis. Part I. Acceleration of ester hydrolysis in the electrochemical double layer",
volume = "100",
number = "1-2",
pages = "913-925",
doi = "10.1016/S0022-0728(79)80209-0"
}

Despić, A. R., Dražić, D. M., Mihailović, M. Lj., Lorenc, L., Adžić, R. R.,& Ivić, M.. (1979). Non-faradaic electrocatalysis. Part I. Acceleration of ester hydrolysis in the electrochemical double layer. in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
Elsevier Sequoia S.A., Lausanne., 100(1-2), 913-925.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0728(79)80209-0

Despić AR, Dražić DM, Mihailović ML, Lorenc L, Adžić RR, Ivić M. Non-faradaic electrocatalysis. Part I. Acceleration of ester hydrolysis in the electrochemical double layer. in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry. 1979;100(1-2):913-925.
doi:10.1016/S0022-0728(79)80209-0 .

Despić, Aleksandar R., Dražić, Dragutin M., Mihailović, Milhailo Lj., Lorenc, Ljubinka, Adžić, Radoslav R., Ivić, M., "Non-faradaic electrocatalysis. Part I. Acceleration of ester hydrolysis in the electrochemical double layer" in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 100, no. 1-2 (1979):913-925,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0728(79)80209-0 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Adžić, Radoslav R.
AU  - Spasojević, M. D.
AU  - Despić, Aleksandar R.
PY  - 1979
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2750
PB  - Pergamon Press Ltd.
T2  - Electrochimica Acta
T1  - Hydrogen evolution on gold electrode in the presence of lead adatoms
VL  - 24
IS  - 5
SP  - 577
EP  - 579
DO  - 10.1016/0013-4686(79)85035-5
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Adžić, Radoslav R. and Spasojević, M. D. and Despić, Aleksandar R.",
year = "1979",
publisher = "Pergamon Press Ltd.",
journal = "Electrochimica Acta",
title = "Hydrogen evolution on gold electrode in the presence of lead adatoms",
volume = "24",
number = "5",
pages = "577-579",
doi = "10.1016/0013-4686(79)85035-5"
}

Adžić, R. R., Spasojević, M. D.,& Despić, A. R.. (1979). Hydrogen evolution on gold electrode in the presence of lead adatoms. in Electrochimica Acta
Pergamon Press Ltd.., 24(5), 577-579.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(79)85035-5

Adžić RR, Spasojević MD, Despić AR. Hydrogen evolution on gold electrode in the presence of lead adatoms. in Electrochimica Acta. 1979;24(5):577-579.
doi:10.1016/0013-4686(79)85035-5 .

Adžić, Radoslav R., Spasojević, M. D., Despić, Aleksandar R., "Hydrogen evolution on gold electrode in the presence of lead adatoms" in Electrochimica Acta, 24, no. 5 (1979):577-579,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(79)85035-5 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Adžić, Radoslav R.
AU  - Spasojević, M. D.
AU  - Despić, Aleksandar R.
PY  - 1979
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2751
AB  - Hydrogen evolution on rotating platinum electrode has been measured in the presence of Pb, Tl and Cd adatoms. At low coverages of these adatoms (θM < 0.5) the mechanism of H2 evolution is the same as that for Pt, giving rise to the Tafel slope of 30 mV with recombination of H adatoms as a rate controlling step. However, H2 evolution decreases with θM to the fourth power, due to a simple blocking of Pt surface and a decrease of number of pairs of Pt atoms necessary for a recombination reaction. At higher coverages of foreign metal adatoms (θM ≥ 0.5), when the activation energy for the recombination of H adatoms becomes too high, the ion-plus atom reaction begins to control the rate of reaction. The Tafel slope acquires a value of 120 mV. Now, a decrease of H2 evolution has been found proportional to the coverage of metal adatoms. A quantitative analysis based on above model agrees very well with the experiment. Some information on underpotential deposition of above metal on Pt has also been obtained. © 1979.
PB  - Pergamon Press
T2  - Electrochimica Acta
T2  - Electrochimica Acta
T1  - Hydrogen evolution on platinum in the presence of lead, cadmium and thallium adatoms
VL  - 24
IS  - 5
SP  - 569
EP  - 576
DO  - 10.1016/0013-4686(79)85034-3
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Adžić, Radoslav R. and Spasojević, M. D. and Despić, Aleksandar R.",
year = "1979",
abstract = "Hydrogen evolution on rotating platinum electrode has been measured in the presence of Pb, Tl and Cd adatoms. At low coverages of these adatoms (θM < 0.5) the mechanism of H2 evolution is the same as that for Pt, giving rise to the Tafel slope of 30 mV with recombination of H adatoms as a rate controlling step. However, H2 evolution decreases with θM to the fourth power, due to a simple blocking of Pt surface and a decrease of number of pairs of Pt atoms necessary for a recombination reaction. At higher coverages of foreign metal adatoms (θM ≥ 0.5), when the activation energy for the recombination of H adatoms becomes too high, the ion-plus atom reaction begins to control the rate of reaction. The Tafel slope acquires a value of 120 mV. Now, a decrease of H2 evolution has been found proportional to the coverage of metal adatoms. A quantitative analysis based on above model agrees very well with the experiment. Some information on underpotential deposition of above metal on Pt has also been obtained. © 1979.",
publisher = "Pergamon Press",
journal = "Electrochimica Acta, Electrochimica Acta",
title = "Hydrogen evolution on platinum in the presence of lead, cadmium and thallium adatoms",
volume = "24",
number = "5",
pages = "569-576",
doi = "10.1016/0013-4686(79)85034-3"
}

Adžić, R. R., Spasojević, M. D.,& Despić, A. R.. (1979). Hydrogen evolution on platinum in the presence of lead, cadmium and thallium adatoms. in Electrochimica Acta
Pergamon Press., 24(5), 569-576.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(79)85034-3

Adžić RR, Spasojević MD, Despić AR. Hydrogen evolution on platinum in the presence of lead, cadmium and thallium adatoms. in Electrochimica Acta. 1979;24(5):569-576.
doi:10.1016/0013-4686(79)85034-3 .

Adžić, Radoslav R., Spasojević, M. D., Despić, Aleksandar R., "Hydrogen evolution on platinum in the presence of lead, cadmium and thallium adatoms" in Electrochimica Acta, 24, no. 5 (1979):569-576,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(79)85034-3 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Despić, Aleksandar R.
AU  - Maglić, G S
AU  - Jaćović, M
PY  - 1979
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2749
AB  - Poly(4-vinyl pyridine-co-methyl methacrylate), which is soluble in water in its protonated form and insoluble as a neutral molecule, has been synthesized and introduced into an acid bath for copper deposition. Potential-sweep investigations have shown that the copolymer affects the electrocrystallization of copper on graphite by delaying nucleation even before conditions for codeposition of the polymer are reached. At overpotentials at which the diffusion limiting current of copper is reached and hydrogen evolution starts, alkalinity at the electrode surface causes precipitation of the polymer. This is found to affect the resistivity of the deposit. Electron microscopy revealed that under such conditions copper is deposited in the form of globular particles, the size of the globules being in the micron range and decreasing with increasing overpotential. © 1979 Chapman and Hall Ltd.
PB  - Kluwer Academic Publishers
T2  - Journal of Applied Electrochemistry
T1  - Effect of codeposition of polymer on the morphology of electrodeposited copper
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
SP  - 147
EP  - 153
DO  - 10.1007/BF00616084
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Despić, Aleksandar R. and Maglić, G S and Jaćović, M",
year = "1979",
abstract = "Poly(4-vinyl pyridine-co-methyl methacrylate), which is soluble in water in its protonated form and insoluble as a neutral molecule, has been synthesized and introduced into an acid bath for copper deposition. Potential-sweep investigations have shown that the copolymer affects the electrocrystallization of copper on graphite by delaying nucleation even before conditions for codeposition of the polymer are reached. At overpotentials at which the diffusion limiting current of copper is reached and hydrogen evolution starts, alkalinity at the electrode surface causes precipitation of the polymer. This is found to affect the resistivity of the deposit. Electron microscopy revealed that under such conditions copper is deposited in the form of globular particles, the size of the globules being in the micron range and decreasing with increasing overpotential. © 1979 Chapman and Hall Ltd.",
publisher = "Kluwer Academic Publishers",
journal = "Journal of Applied Electrochemistry",
title = "Effect of codeposition of polymer on the morphology of electrodeposited copper",
volume = "9",
number = "2",
pages = "147-153",
doi = "10.1007/BF00616084"
}

Despić, A. R., Maglić, G. S.,& Jaćović, M.. (1979). Effect of codeposition of polymer on the morphology of electrodeposited copper. in Journal of Applied Electrochemistry
Kluwer Academic Publishers., 9(2), 147-153.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00616084

Despić AR, Maglić GS, Jaćović M. Effect of codeposition of polymer on the morphology of electrodeposited copper. in Journal of Applied Electrochemistry. 1979;9(2):147-153.
doi:10.1007/BF00616084 .

Despić, Aleksandar R., Maglić, G S, Jaćović, M, "Effect of codeposition of polymer on the morphology of electrodeposited copper" in Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 9, no. 2 (1979):147-153,
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00616084 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Adžić, Radoslav R.
AU  - Spasojević, M. D.
AU  - Despić, Aleksandar R.
PY  - 1978
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2757
AB  - Catalytic effects of foreign metal monolayers deposited at underpotentials have been found for the oxidation of formic acid on palladium electrode. Palladium is known to form no poisoning species in oxidation of HCOOH. However, the auto-inhibition of the reaction is found, caused most probably by a species xCx(OH)2. Submonolayer amounts of Pb, Bi, Cd, Tl, Ag and Cu electrosorbed at underpotentials exhibited significant catalytic effects which could be explained by the so-called "third-body" effect in terms of a previously published semiquattitative model. The results have bearing on the understanding of the catalytic effects observed under comparable conditions on platinum and rhodium. Since these effects are orders of magnitude larger than those on palladium, the "third-body" effect probably plays only a minor role at the other two noble metals. © 1978 Elsevier Sequoia S.A.
PB  - Elsevier
T2  - Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
T1  - Electrocatalysis by foreign metal monolayers. Oxidation of formic acid on palladium
VL  - 92
IS  - 1
SP  - 31
EP  - 43
DO  - 10.1016/S0022-0728(78)80114-4
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Adžić, Radoslav R. and Spasojević, M. D. and Despić, Aleksandar R.",
year = "1978",
abstract = "Catalytic effects of foreign metal monolayers deposited at underpotentials have been found for the oxidation of formic acid on palladium electrode. Palladium is known to form no poisoning species in oxidation of HCOOH. However, the auto-inhibition of the reaction is found, caused most probably by a species xCx(OH)2. Submonolayer amounts of Pb, Bi, Cd, Tl, Ag and Cu electrosorbed at underpotentials exhibited significant catalytic effects which could be explained by the so-called "third-body" effect in terms of a previously published semiquattitative model. The results have bearing on the understanding of the catalytic effects observed under comparable conditions on platinum and rhodium. Since these effects are orders of magnitude larger than those on palladium, the "third-body" effect probably plays only a minor role at the other two noble metals. © 1978 Elsevier Sequoia S.A.",
publisher = "Elsevier",
journal = "Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry",
title = "Electrocatalysis by foreign metal monolayers. Oxidation of formic acid on palladium",
volume = "92",
number = "1",
pages = "31-43",
doi = "10.1016/S0022-0728(78)80114-4"
}

Adžić, R. R., Spasojević, M. D.,& Despić, A. R.. (1978). Electrocatalysis by foreign metal monolayers. Oxidation of formic acid on palladium. in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
Elsevier., 92(1), 31-43.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0728(78)80114-4

Adžić RR, Spasojević MD, Despić AR. Electrocatalysis by foreign metal monolayers. Oxidation of formic acid on palladium. in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry. 1978;92(1):31-43.
doi:10.1016/S0022-0728(78)80114-4 .

Adžić, Radoslav R., Spasojević, M. D., Despić, Aleksandar R., "Electrocatalysis by foreign metal monolayers. Oxidation of formic acid on palladium" in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 92, no. 1 (1978):31-43,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0728(78)80114-4 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Adžić, Radoslav R.
AU  - Simić, D.N.
AU  - Despić, Aleksandar R.
AU  - Dražić, Dragutin M.
PY  - 1977
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4189
AB  - The catalytic effects of a submonolayer of lead on noble metals have been shown and discussed in terms of a previously published model. A theoretical analysis of these effects is presented. It was demonstrated that foreign metal monolayers allow a determination of the true catalytic activity of electrodes in the case of self-poisoning reactions. A volcano-shaped curve for oxidation of formic acid on noble metal electrodes was obtained.
PB  - Elsevier
T2  - Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
T1  - Electrochemical oxidation of formic acid at noble metals: Catalytic effects of foreign metal monolayers
VL  - 80
IS  - 1
SP  - 81
EP  - 99
DO  - 10.1016/S0022-0728(77)80105-8
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Adžić, Radoslav R. and Simić, D.N. and Despić, Aleksandar R. and Dražić, Dragutin M.",
year = "1977",
abstract = "The catalytic effects of a submonolayer of lead on noble metals have been shown and discussed in terms of a previously published model. A theoretical analysis of these effects is presented. It was demonstrated that foreign metal monolayers allow a determination of the true catalytic activity of electrodes in the case of self-poisoning reactions. A volcano-shaped curve for oxidation of formic acid on noble metal electrodes was obtained.",
publisher = "Elsevier",
journal = "Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry",
title = "Electrochemical oxidation of formic acid at noble metals: Catalytic effects of foreign metal monolayers",
volume = "80",
number = "1",
pages = "81-99",
doi = "10.1016/S0022-0728(77)80105-8"
}

Adžić, R. R., Simić, D.N., Despić, A. R.,& Dražić, D. M.. (1977). Electrochemical oxidation of formic acid at noble metals: Catalytic effects of foreign metal monolayers. in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
Elsevier., 80(1), 81-99.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0728(77)80105-8

Adžić RR, Simić D, Despić AR, Dražić DM. Electrochemical oxidation of formic acid at noble metals: Catalytic effects of foreign metal monolayers. in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry. 1977;80(1):81-99.
doi:10.1016/S0022-0728(77)80105-8 .

Adžić, Radoslav R., Simić, D.N., Despić, Aleksandar R., Dražić, Dragutin M., "Electrochemical oxidation of formic acid at noble metals: Catalytic effects of foreign metal monolayers" in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 80, no. 1 (1977):81-99,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0728(77)80105-8 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Adžić, Radoslav R.
AU  - Simić, D.N.
AU  - Dražić, Dragutin M.
AU  - Despić, Aleksandar R.
PY  - 1975
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4195
AB  - It was recently shown that the monolayers of some metals deposited at underpotentials
on gold can substantially increase the rates of some redox reactions 1 , and the
rate of oxygen reduction:. This note reports the catalytic effects observed in oxidation
of formic acid on platinum caused by the underpotential deposition of up to a monolayer
quantities of several metals.
PB  - Elsevier
T2  - Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
T1  - Catalytic effects of monolayers of metals deposited at underpotentials: Oxidation of formic acid on platinum
VL  - 61
IS  - 1
SP  - 117
EP  - 120
DO  - 10.1016/S0022-0728(75)80142-2
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Adžić, Radoslav R. and Simić, D.N. and Dražić, Dragutin M. and Despić, Aleksandar R.",
year = "1975",
abstract = "It was recently shown that the monolayers of some metals deposited at underpotentials
on gold can substantially increase the rates of some redox reactions 1 , and the
rate of oxygen reduction:. This note reports the catalytic effects observed in oxidation
of formic acid on platinum caused by the underpotential deposition of up to a monolayer
quantities of several metals.",
publisher = "Elsevier",
journal = "Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry",
title = "Catalytic effects of monolayers of metals deposited at underpotentials: Oxidation of formic acid on platinum",
volume = "61",
number = "1",
pages = "117-120",
doi = "10.1016/S0022-0728(75)80142-2"
}

Adžić, R. R., Simić, D.N., Dražić, D. M.,& Despić, A. R.. (1975). Catalytic effects of monolayers of metals deposited at underpotentials: Oxidation of formic acid on platinum. in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
Elsevier., 61(1), 117-120.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0728(75)80142-2

Adžić RR, Simić D, Dražić DM, Despić AR. Catalytic effects of monolayers of metals deposited at underpotentials: Oxidation of formic acid on platinum. in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry. 1975;61(1):117-120.
doi:10.1016/S0022-0728(75)80142-2 .

Adžić, Radoslav R., Simić, D.N., Dražić, Dragutin M., Despić, Aleksandar R., "Catalytic effects of monolayers of metals deposited at underpotentials: Oxidation of formic acid on platinum" in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 61, no. 1 (1975):117-120,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0728(75)80142-2 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Adžić, Radoslav R.
AU  - Simić, D. N.
AU  - Despić, Aleksandar R.
AU  - Dražić, Dragutin M.
PY  - 1975
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4212
AB  - It was demonstrated that some foreign metal monolayers formed by underpotential deposition have pronounced catalytic effects on the oxidation of formic acid on platinum. The explanation of these effects was sought within the framewor of existing data on the formic acid oxidation and the underpotential deposition. It was found that the catalytic effect of foreign metal monolayers originates in the decrease of hydrogen adsorption thus preventing the formation of the main poisoning species COH. At the same time these experiments confirm the previously postulated mechanism of formation of the poisoning species involving adsorbed hydrogen.
PB  - Elsevier
T2  - Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
T1  - Electrocatalysis by foreign metal monolayers: Oxidation of formic acid on platinum
VL  - 65
IS  - 2
SP  - 587
EP  - 601
DO  - 10.1016/0368-1874(75)85146-X
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Adžić, Radoslav R. and Simić, D. N. and Despić, Aleksandar R. and Dražić, Dragutin M.",
year = "1975",
abstract = "It was demonstrated that some foreign metal monolayers formed by underpotential deposition have pronounced catalytic effects on the oxidation of formic acid on platinum. The explanation of these effects was sought within the framewor of existing data on the formic acid oxidation and the underpotential deposition. It was found that the catalytic effect of foreign metal monolayers originates in the decrease of hydrogen adsorption thus preventing the formation of the main poisoning species COH. At the same time these experiments confirm the previously postulated mechanism of formation of the poisoning species involving adsorbed hydrogen.",
publisher = "Elsevier",
journal = "Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry",
title = "Electrocatalysis by foreign metal monolayers: Oxidation of formic acid on platinum",
volume = "65",
number = "2",
pages = "587-601",
doi = "10.1016/0368-1874(75)85146-X"
}

Adžić, R. R., Simić, D. N., Despić, A. R.,& Dražić, D. M.. (1975). Electrocatalysis by foreign metal monolayers: Oxidation of formic acid on platinum. in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
Elsevier., 65(2), 587-601.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0368-1874(75)85146-X

Adžić RR, Simić DN, Despić AR, Dražić DM. Electrocatalysis by foreign metal monolayers: Oxidation of formic acid on platinum. in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry. 1975;65(2):587-601.
doi:10.1016/0368-1874(75)85146-X .

Adžić, Radoslav R., Simić, D. N., Despić, Aleksandar R., Dražić, Dragutin M., "Electrocatalysis by foreign metal monolayers: Oxidation of formic acid on platinum" in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 65, no. 2 (1975):587-601,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0368-1874(75)85146-X . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Atanasoski, Radoslav
AU  - Nikolić, B. Ž.
AU  - Jakšić, M. M.
AU  - Despić, Aleksandar R.
PY  - 1975
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3158
AB  - The use of dimensionally stable titanium anodes activated with Pt, Ir or ruthenium oxide for electrolytic chlorate production has been investigated. Simultaneous measurements were made of the amount of noble metal at the surface and of electrode activity, as functions of time of electrolysis at constant current and temperature. After more than 400 days of operation, an electrode with 7 g m−2 of surface of noble metals exhibits good polarization characteristics as well as freedom from corrosion of the coating.
PB  - Springer Science and Business Media LLC
T2  - Journal of Applied Electrochemistry
T1  - Platinum-iridium catalyzed titanium anode. I. Properties and use in chlorate electrolysis
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
SP  - 155
EP  - 158
DO  - 10.1007/BF00613220
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Atanasoski, Radoslav and Nikolić, B. Ž. and Jakšić, M. M. and Despić, Aleksandar R.",
year = "1975",
abstract = "The use of dimensionally stable titanium anodes activated with Pt, Ir or ruthenium oxide for electrolytic chlorate production has been investigated. Simultaneous measurements were made of the amount of noble metal at the surface and of electrode activity, as functions of time of electrolysis at constant current and temperature. After more than 400 days of operation, an electrode with 7 g m−2 of surface of noble metals exhibits good polarization characteristics as well as freedom from corrosion of the coating.",
publisher = "Springer Science and Business Media LLC",
journal = "Journal of Applied Electrochemistry",
title = "Platinum-iridium catalyzed titanium anode. I. Properties and use in chlorate electrolysis",
volume = "5",
number = "2",
pages = "155-158",
doi = "10.1007/BF00613220"
}

Atanasoski, R., Nikolić, B. Ž., Jakšić, M. M.,& Despić, A. R.. (1975). Platinum-iridium catalyzed titanium anode. I. Properties and use in chlorate electrolysis. in Journal of Applied Electrochemistry
Springer Science and Business Media LLC., 5(2), 155-158.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00613220

Atanasoski R, Nikolić BŽ, Jakšić MM, Despić AR. Platinum-iridium catalyzed titanium anode. I. Properties and use in chlorate electrolysis. in Journal of Applied Electrochemistry. 1975;5(2):155-158.
doi:10.1007/BF00613220 .

Atanasoski, Radoslav, Nikolić, B. Ž., Jakšić, M. M., Despić, Aleksandar R., "Platinum-iridium catalyzed titanium anode. I. Properties and use in chlorate electrolysis" in Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 5, no. 2 (1975):155-158,
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00613220 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dražić, Dragutin M.
AU  - Adžić, Radoslav R.
AU  - Despić, Aleksandar
PY  - 1969
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4631
AB  - A previously developed powder electrode in combination with lateral feeding with gases has been further improved. A fuel cell without gas chambers and with loose carbon powder electrodes has been constructed and tested with acid and alkaline electrolytes. 0.065 w/cm2 of power output was achieved with a cell having an over‐all thickness of 3 mm at H2 and O2 pressures of 0.01–0.02 atm gauge. If a battery of such cells were built, one could expect a specific power ouput of about 250 w/liter or 150 w/kg.
PB  - USA : American Chemical Society
T2  - Journal of Electrochemical Chemistry
T1  - New Methods of Obtaining Fuel Cell Electrodes: IV . Powder Electrode Fuel Cell with Lateral Feeding
VL  - 116
SP  - 885
EP  - 887
DO  - 10.1149/1.2412115
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Dražić, Dragutin M. and Adžić, Radoslav R. and Despić, Aleksandar",
year = "1969",
abstract = "A previously developed powder electrode in combination with lateral feeding with gases has been further improved. A fuel cell without gas chambers and with loose carbon powder electrodes has been constructed and tested with acid and alkaline electrolytes. 0.065 w/cm2 of power output was achieved with a cell having an over‐all thickness of 3 mm at H2 and O2 pressures of 0.01–0.02 atm gauge. If a battery of such cells were built, one could expect a specific power ouput of about 250 w/liter or 150 w/kg.",
publisher = "USA : American Chemical Society",
journal = "Journal of Electrochemical Chemistry",
title = "New Methods of Obtaining Fuel Cell Electrodes: IV . Powder Electrode Fuel Cell with Lateral Feeding",
volume = "116",
pages = "885-887",
doi = "10.1149/1.2412115"
}

Dražić, D. M., Adžić, R. R.,& Despić, A.. (1969). New Methods of Obtaining Fuel Cell Electrodes: IV . Powder Electrode Fuel Cell with Lateral Feeding. in Journal of Electrochemical Chemistry
USA : American Chemical Society., 116, 885-887.
https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2412115

Dražić DM, Adžić RR, Despić A. New Methods of Obtaining Fuel Cell Electrodes: IV . Powder Electrode Fuel Cell with Lateral Feeding. in Journal of Electrochemical Chemistry. 1969;116:885-887.
doi:10.1149/1.2412115 .

Dražić, Dragutin M., Adžić, Radoslav R., Despić, Aleksandar, "New Methods of Obtaining Fuel Cell Electrodes: IV . Powder Electrode Fuel Cell with Lateral Feeding" in Journal of Electrochemical Chemistry, 116 (1969):885-887,
https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2412115 . .