TY  - CONF
AU  - Rončević, Vukašin
AU  - Živanović, Nikola
AU  - van Boxel, John
AU  - Iserloh, Thomas
AU  - Antić, Nevena
AU  - Ferreira, Carla
AU  - Spasić, Marko
PY  - 2024
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/7523
AB  - Dripping rainfall simulators for soil research generate water drops with different types of drippers, such as plastic and glass tubes, drippers in a form of holes, irrigation drippers and hanging yarn, among which metal tubes are the most commonly used. Metal tubes appear in the form of capillaries with a flat tip or in the form of hypodermic needles. Hypodermic needles are suitable for this purpose because their diameter size is standardized with relatively small deviations from the standardized dimensions, they are available on the market, relatively cheap, made of stainless material and have a threaded connector (Luer taper). However, very often the descriptions of the rainfall simulators were not complete, nor was the calibration of the needles. In order to conduct calibration and define water drops diameter for different hypodermic needles size and dripping speed, it was constructed rainfall simulator with one dripper in a form of hypodermic needle. Simulator was designed in accordance to research of Rončević et al., (2022), needle calibration research and future soil research requirements. Simulator was intended primarily for laboratory use. It consists of structural support, water tank, water pump, mechanism of water flow regulation and simulator operation, water tank with dripper and dripper. Calibration was conducted for 11 different needles, ranging in size from 16 G to 32 G (G – gauge number), at different dripping speed, using drop counting sensor. Water drops are measured using weight measuring method. Obtained water drops size ranging from 3.70 to 1.48 mm. Based on research data, two nomograms were made for determination of interconnected parameters of potentially simulated rainfall: water drops size under different dripping speed, drippers discharge, number of drippers, and kinetic energy of water drops for the given falling height. The results of research provide the data necessary for the design of future dripping rainfall simulators for soil research and use of hypodermic needles as drippers.
PB  - EGU General Assembly
C3  - EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024
T1  - Construction and Calibration of Dripping Rainfall Simulator with a Single Dripper for Soil Research
SP  - EGU24-1110
DO  - 10.5194/egusphere-egu24-1110
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Rončević, Vukašin and Živanović, Nikola and van Boxel, John and Iserloh, Thomas and Antić, Nevena and Ferreira, Carla and Spasić, Marko",
year = "2024",
abstract = "Dripping rainfall simulators for soil research generate water drops with different types of drippers, such as plastic and glass tubes, drippers in a form of holes, irrigation drippers and hanging yarn, among which metal tubes are the most commonly used. Metal tubes appear in the form of capillaries with a flat tip or in the form of hypodermic needles. Hypodermic needles are suitable for this purpose because their diameter size is standardized with relatively small deviations from the standardized dimensions, they are available on the market, relatively cheap, made of stainless material and have a threaded connector (Luer taper). However, very often the descriptions of the rainfall simulators were not complete, nor was the calibration of the needles. In order to conduct calibration and define water drops diameter for different hypodermic needles size and dripping speed, it was constructed rainfall simulator with one dripper in a form of hypodermic needle. Simulator was designed in accordance to research of Rončević et al., (2022), needle calibration research and future soil research requirements. Simulator was intended primarily for laboratory use. It consists of structural support, water tank, water pump, mechanism of water flow regulation and simulator operation, water tank with dripper and dripper. Calibration was conducted for 11 different needles, ranging in size from 16 G to 32 G (G – gauge number), at different dripping speed, using drop counting sensor. Water drops are measured using weight measuring method. Obtained water drops size ranging from 3.70 to 1.48 mm. Based on research data, two nomograms were made for determination of interconnected parameters of potentially simulated rainfall: water drops size under different dripping speed, drippers discharge, number of drippers, and kinetic energy of water drops for the given falling height. The results of research provide the data necessary for the design of future dripping rainfall simulators for soil research and use of hypodermic needles as drippers.",
publisher = "EGU General Assembly",
journal = "EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024",
title = "Construction and Calibration of Dripping Rainfall Simulator with a Single Dripper for Soil Research",
pages = "EGU24-1110",
doi = "10.5194/egusphere-egu24-1110"
}

Rončević, V., Živanović, N., van Boxel, J., Iserloh, T., Antić, N., Ferreira, C.,& Spasić, M.. (2024). Construction and Calibration of Dripping Rainfall Simulator with a Single Dripper for Soil Research. in EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024
EGU General Assembly., EGU24-1110.
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-1110

Rončević V, Živanović N, van Boxel J, Iserloh T, Antić N, Ferreira C, Spasić M. Construction and Calibration of Dripping Rainfall Simulator with a Single Dripper for Soil Research. in EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024. 2024;:EGU24-1110.
doi:10.5194/egusphere-egu24-1110 .

Rončević, Vukašin, Živanović, Nikola, van Boxel, John, Iserloh, Thomas, Antić, Nevena, Ferreira, Carla, Spasić, Marko, "Construction and Calibration of Dripping Rainfall Simulator with a Single Dripper for Soil Research" in EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024 (2024):EGU24-1110,
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-1110 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Živanović, Nikola
AU  - Rončević, Vukašin
AU  - Spasić, Marko
AU  - Ćorluka, Stevan
AU  - Polovina, Siniša
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/6513
AB  - Land degradation caused by erosion processes is a widespread global problem. Rain simulators are one of the tools often used to determine the resistance of soils to erosion processes. The aim of this publication is to present the process of the construction and calibration of a small, portable field simulator which would be implemented in research studies designed to determine the changes in the soils’ shear strength parameters in forested areas (in situ) caused by a change in soil moisture content achieved by the rain simulation. The constructed simulator consists of a metal frame, sprayers (with specific nozzles), a sediment funnel/tray made of metal, water and a sediment collector unit, a water tank and pump, and a set of rubber hoses, manometer, valves, reducers, adapters and other supplementary equipment. The calibration was carried out by using the pluviometric method. The choice of nozzles was based on the criteria of low water consumption (losses), the Christiansen uniformity coefficient (CU) and the possibility of achieving specific downpour intensities for the investigated area. The further calibration of the device consisted of determining the raindrop diameter and the distribution of the rainfall when the simulator is positioned on the slopes (7° and 15°). The achieved rain intensity was 1.7–1.9 mm/min, with a CU of 92.23–93.70% for the raindrop diameters equal to 1.2 mm. The kinetic energy of the simulated rain (Ke) was 2.82∙10. The constructed simulator proved itself to be in accordance with all of the given criteria, and it can successfully be implemented in research studies aimed at determining the resistance of forest soils to erosion processes, infiltration, and sediment yield.
PB  - Prague : Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences
T2  - Soil and Water Research
T1  - Construction and calibration of a portable rain simulator designed for the in situ research of soil resistance to erosion
VL  - 17
IS  - 3
SP  - 158
EP  - 169
DO  - 10.17221/148/2021-swr
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Živanović, Nikola and Rončević, Vukašin and Spasić, Marko and Ćorluka, Stevan and Polovina, Siniša",
year = "2022",
abstract = "Land degradation caused by erosion processes is a widespread global problem. Rain simulators are one of the tools often used to determine the resistance of soils to erosion processes. The aim of this publication is to present the process of the construction and calibration of a small, portable field simulator which would be implemented in research studies designed to determine the changes in the soils’ shear strength parameters in forested areas (in situ) caused by a change in soil moisture content achieved by the rain simulation. The constructed simulator consists of a metal frame, sprayers (with specific nozzles), a sediment funnel/tray made of metal, water and a sediment collector unit, a water tank and pump, and a set of rubber hoses, manometer, valves, reducers, adapters and other supplementary equipment. The calibration was carried out by using the pluviometric method. The choice of nozzles was based on the criteria of low water consumption (losses), the Christiansen uniformity coefficient (CU) and the possibility of achieving specific downpour intensities for the investigated area. The further calibration of the device consisted of determining the raindrop diameter and the distribution of the rainfall when the simulator is positioned on the slopes (7° and 15°). The achieved rain intensity was 1.7–1.9 mm/min, with a CU of 92.23–93.70% for the raindrop diameters equal to 1.2 mm. The kinetic energy of the simulated rain (Ke) was 2.82∙10. The constructed simulator proved itself to be in accordance with all of the given criteria, and it can successfully be implemented in research studies aimed at determining the resistance of forest soils to erosion processes, infiltration, and sediment yield.",
publisher = "Prague : Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences",
journal = "Soil and Water Research",
title = "Construction and calibration of a portable rain simulator designed for the in situ research of soil resistance to erosion",
volume = "17",
number = "3",
pages = "158-169",
doi = "10.17221/148/2021-swr"
}

Živanović, N., Rončević, V., Spasić, M., Ćorluka, S.,& Polovina, S.. (2022). Construction and calibration of a portable rain simulator designed for the in situ research of soil resistance to erosion. in Soil and Water Research
Prague : Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences., 17(3), 158-169.
https://doi.org/10.17221/148/2021-swr

Živanović N, Rončević V, Spasić M, Ćorluka S, Polovina S. Construction and calibration of a portable rain simulator designed for the in situ research of soil resistance to erosion. in Soil and Water Research. 2022;17(3):158-169.
doi:10.17221/148/2021-swr .

Živanović, Nikola, Rončević, Vukašin, Spasić, Marko, Ćorluka, Stevan, Polovina, Siniša, "Construction and calibration of a portable rain simulator designed for the in situ research of soil resistance to erosion" in Soil and Water Research, 17, no. 3 (2022):158-169,
https://doi.org/10.17221/148/2021-swr . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Živanović, Nikola
AU  - Rončević, Vukašin
AU  - Spasić, Marko
AU  - Gajić, Grozdana
PY  - 2021
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/7325
AB  - Land degradation caused by erosion processes is a widespread global problem. A rain simulator is
one of the tools often used to determine the resistance of soils to erosion processes. The aim of this
publication is to present the process of construction and calibration of a small, portable field
simulator which would be implemented in researches designed to determine the changes of soils’
shear strength parameters in forested areas (in situ) caused by the change of soil moisture content
achieved by rain simulation. The constructed simulator consists of a metal frame, sprayers (with
specific nozzles), a sediment funnel/tray made of metal, water and sediment collector unit, a water
tank and pump, and a set of rubber hoses, manometer, valves, reducers, adapters and other
supplementary equipment. The calibration was carried out by using the pluviometer method. The
choice of nozzles was based on the criteria of low water consumption (losses), high uniformity
coefficient (CU) and the possibility of achieving the intensity of downpour rains specific for the
investigated area. Further calibration of the device consisted of determining the raindrop diameter
and the distribution of rainfall when the simulator is positioned on slopes (7° and 15°). The
achieved rain intensity was 1.7-1.9 mm.min-1
, with a uniformity coefficient (CU) of 92.23-93.70%
for raindrop diameters (D50) equal to 1.2 mm. The kinetic energy of simulated rain (Ke) was
2.82∙10-6 J. The constructed simulator proved itself to be in accordance with all of the criteria
given, and it can successfully be implemented in researches aimed to determine the resistance of
forest soils to erosion processes, infiltration, and sediment yield.
PB  - Noor, Iran : Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences,  Tarbiat Modares University
C3  - Abstract Book - 3rd International Youth Forum on Soil and Water Conservation (3rd IYFSWC), 16-21 October 2021, Iran
T1  - Construction and calibration of a portable rain simulator designed for in situ researches of soil resistance to erosion
SP  - 38
EP  - 38
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cer_7325
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Živanović, Nikola and Rončević, Vukašin and Spasić, Marko and Gajić, Grozdana",
year = "2021",
abstract = "Land degradation caused by erosion processes is a widespread global problem. A rain simulator is
one of the tools often used to determine the resistance of soils to erosion processes. The aim of this
publication is to present the process of construction and calibration of a small, portable field
simulator which would be implemented in researches designed to determine the changes of soils’
shear strength parameters in forested areas (in situ) caused by the change of soil moisture content
achieved by rain simulation. The constructed simulator consists of a metal frame, sprayers (with
specific nozzles), a sediment funnel/tray made of metal, water and sediment collector unit, a water
tank and pump, and a set of rubber hoses, manometer, valves, reducers, adapters and other
supplementary equipment. The calibration was carried out by using the pluviometer method. The
choice of nozzles was based on the criteria of low water consumption (losses), high uniformity
coefficient (CU) and the possibility of achieving the intensity of downpour rains specific for the
investigated area. Further calibration of the device consisted of determining the raindrop diameter
and the distribution of rainfall when the simulator is positioned on slopes (7° and 15°). The
achieved rain intensity was 1.7-1.9 mm.min-1
, with a uniformity coefficient (CU) of 92.23-93.70%
for raindrop diameters (D50) equal to 1.2 mm. The kinetic energy of simulated rain (Ke) was
2.82∙10-6 J. The constructed simulator proved itself to be in accordance with all of the criteria
given, and it can successfully be implemented in researches aimed to determine the resistance of
forest soils to erosion processes, infiltration, and sediment yield.",
publisher = "Noor, Iran : Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences,  Tarbiat Modares University",
journal = "Abstract Book - 3rd International Youth Forum on Soil and Water Conservation (3rd IYFSWC), 16-21 October 2021, Iran",
title = "Construction and calibration of a portable rain simulator designed for in situ researches of soil resistance to erosion",
pages = "38-38",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cer_7325"
}

Živanović, N., Rončević, V., Spasić, M.,& Gajić, G.. (2021). Construction and calibration of a portable rain simulator designed for in situ researches of soil resistance to erosion. in Abstract Book - 3rd International Youth Forum on Soil and Water Conservation (3rd IYFSWC), 16-21 October 2021, Iran
Noor, Iran : Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences,  Tarbiat Modares University., 38-38.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cer_7325

Živanović N, Rončević V, Spasić M, Gajić G. Construction and calibration of a portable rain simulator designed for in situ researches of soil resistance to erosion. in Abstract Book - 3rd International Youth Forum on Soil and Water Conservation (3rd IYFSWC), 16-21 October 2021, Iran. 2021;:38-38.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cer_7325 .

Živanović, Nikola, Rončević, Vukašin, Spasić, Marko, Gajić, Grozdana, "Construction and calibration of a portable rain simulator designed for in situ researches of soil resistance to erosion" in Abstract Book - 3rd International Youth Forum on Soil and Water Conservation (3rd IYFSWC), 16-21 October 2021, Iran (2021):38-38,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_cer_7325 .