TY  - JOUR
AU  - Veselinović, Gorica
AU  - Životić, Dragana
AU  - Penezić, Kristina
AU  - Kašanin-Grubin, Milica
AU  - Mijatović, Nevenka
AU  - Malbašić, Jovana
AU  - Šajnović, Aleksandra
PY  - 2021
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4014
AB  - In this study, a multidisciplinary approach was used for a detailed characterization of sediments from the archaeological site Vinča – Belo Brdo, Serbia, one of the most important Neolithic settlements in Europe. This research aimed to determine the paleoenvironmental conditions during Pleistocene and Early Holocene sedimentation prior to Early Neolithic settlement (~5800 cal BC) and provide novel insight into the interaction between humans and the environment during the Middle and Late Neolithic (5300–4550 cal BC). For the first time, organic geochemical characterization, combined with organic petrography, grain size, mineralogy, and inorganic analysis were done on sediment samples from geological and archaeological sections of the Vinča – Belo Brdo site. In the archaeological section, the layer with remains of the burned house and the overlaying leveling layer were particularly interesting.  The samples from the oldest geological layers were characterized by the relatively high content of carbonates, the largest amount of soluble organic matter (OM), predominance of liptinite macerals, along with the prevalence of short and mid-chain n-alkanes indicating a marsh-lake depositional environment. The sedimentation of overlaying geological layers continued in an oxbow lake, followed by a shallow depositional environment with stronger input of vascular plants. This was indicated by an increase of the terrigenous component, a high amount of huminite maceral, especially textinite, the predominance of odd long-chain n-alkanes, as well as the presence of diterpanes, pimarane, and 16α(H)-phyllocladane.  Quartz was the most abundant mineral in paleosol, while the OM had a mixed origin with a major input of microorganism in the precursor biomass. Estimated average paleosol temperature around 12–16 °C and mean annual precipitation of 938 mm/yr were favorable for ancient civilization settlement.  In archaeological samples, the OM was predominantly formed by microorganisms, with a certain contribution of terrestrial plants. Their occurrence was substantiated by the presence of telohuminite, detrohuminite, resinite, and sporinite. The prevalence of n-alkane C18, along with the occurrence of inertinite macerals, semifusinite and fusinite, in the layer with the burned house remains confirmed the incomplete combustion of woody biomass at temperatures <500 °C. Organic and inorganic geochemical parameters for the leveling layer covering the destroyed buildings showed analogous composition as the lowest geological layers. This proved that Vinča inhabitants excavated material for leveling at a site in their vicinity, and used it for covering the burnt debris, clearing the areas for a new settlement. In this context, the decades long archaeological dilemma of the origin of the leveling material was resolved.
PB  - Elsevier
T2  - Catena
T1  - Geochemical characterization of sediments from the archaeological site Vinča – Belo Brdo, Serbia
VL  - 196
SP  - 104914
DO  - 10.1016/j.catena.2020.104914
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Veselinović, Gorica and Životić, Dragana and Penezić, Kristina and Kašanin-Grubin, Milica and Mijatović, Nevenka and Malbašić, Jovana and Šajnović, Aleksandra",
year = "2021",
abstract = "In this study, a multidisciplinary approach was used for a detailed characterization of sediments from the archaeological site Vinča – Belo Brdo, Serbia, one of the most important Neolithic settlements in Europe. This research aimed to determine the paleoenvironmental conditions during Pleistocene and Early Holocene sedimentation prior to Early Neolithic settlement (~5800 cal BC) and provide novel insight into the interaction between humans and the environment during the Middle and Late Neolithic (5300–4550 cal BC). For the first time, organic geochemical characterization, combined with organic petrography, grain size, mineralogy, and inorganic analysis were done on sediment samples from geological and archaeological sections of the Vinča – Belo Brdo site. In the archaeological section, the layer with remains of the burned house and the overlaying leveling layer were particularly interesting.  The samples from the oldest geological layers were characterized by the relatively high content of carbonates, the largest amount of soluble organic matter (OM), predominance of liptinite macerals, along with the prevalence of short and mid-chain n-alkanes indicating a marsh-lake depositional environment. The sedimentation of overlaying geological layers continued in an oxbow lake, followed by a shallow depositional environment with stronger input of vascular plants. This was indicated by an increase of the terrigenous component, a high amount of huminite maceral, especially textinite, the predominance of odd long-chain n-alkanes, as well as the presence of diterpanes, pimarane, and 16α(H)-phyllocladane.  Quartz was the most abundant mineral in paleosol, while the OM had a mixed origin with a major input of microorganism in the precursor biomass. Estimated average paleosol temperature around 12–16 °C and mean annual precipitation of 938 mm/yr were favorable for ancient civilization settlement.  In archaeological samples, the OM was predominantly formed by microorganisms, with a certain contribution of terrestrial plants. Their occurrence was substantiated by the presence of telohuminite, detrohuminite, resinite, and sporinite. The prevalence of n-alkane C18, along with the occurrence of inertinite macerals, semifusinite and fusinite, in the layer with the burned house remains confirmed the incomplete combustion of woody biomass at temperatures <500 °C. Organic and inorganic geochemical parameters for the leveling layer covering the destroyed buildings showed analogous composition as the lowest geological layers. This proved that Vinča inhabitants excavated material for leveling at a site in their vicinity, and used it for covering the burnt debris, clearing the areas for a new settlement. In this context, the decades long archaeological dilemma of the origin of the leveling material was resolved.",
publisher = "Elsevier",
journal = "Catena",
title = "Geochemical characterization of sediments from the archaeological site Vinča – Belo Brdo, Serbia",
volume = "196",
pages = "104914",
doi = "10.1016/j.catena.2020.104914"
}

Veselinović, G., Životić, D., Penezić, K., Kašanin-Grubin, M., Mijatović, N., Malbašić, J.,& Šajnović, A.. (2021). Geochemical characterization of sediments from the archaeological site Vinča – Belo Brdo, Serbia. in Catena
Elsevier., 196, 104914.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2020.104914

Veselinović G, Životić D, Penezić K, Kašanin-Grubin M, Mijatović N, Malbašić J, Šajnović A. Geochemical characterization of sediments from the archaeological site Vinča – Belo Brdo, Serbia. in Catena. 2021;196:104914.
doi:10.1016/j.catena.2020.104914 .

Veselinović, Gorica, Životić, Dragana, Penezić, Kristina, Kašanin-Grubin, Milica, Mijatović, Nevenka, Malbašić, Jovana, Šajnović, Aleksandra, "Geochemical characterization of sediments from the archaeological site Vinča – Belo Brdo, Serbia" in Catena, 196 (2021):104914,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2020.104914 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kojić, Ivan
AU  - Bechtel, Achim
AU  - Aleksić, Nikoleta M.
AU  - Životić, Dragana
AU  - Trifunović, S.
AU  - Gajica, Gordana
AU  - Stojanović, Ksenija
PY  - 2021
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4530
AB  - The mutual impact of low-quality lignite and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) during open system pyrolysis was investigated, aiming to improve utilization of lignite with simultaneous treatment of HDPE waste. Pyrolysis of lignite, HDPE, and their mixture (mass ratio, 1:1) was performed at temperatures 400, 450, 500, 550, and 600 °C. Initial substrates and pyrolysis products were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC– MS), specific carbon isotope analysis of individual hydrocarbons (δ13C), Rock-Eval pyrolysis, and ele-mental analysis. The positive synergetic effect during co-pyrolysis of lignite/HDPE mixture was observed at temperatures ≥450 °C, with the greatest being at 500 °C. The highest yield of liquid co-pyrol-ysis products with a similar composition to that of crude oils is also noticed at 500 °C. The yields of liquid and gaseous products and quality of pyrolytic products obtained by co-pyrolysis of lig-nite/HDPE mixture are notably improved compared with pyrolysis of lignite alone. On the other hand, data obtained from pyrolysis of HDPE alone indicate that it cannot be concurrent to well-developed catalytic thermal processes for polymer recycling. However, concerning the huge amount of produced HDPE, at least part of this plastic material can be reused for advanced thermal treatment of lignite, particularly in countries where this low-rank coal represents the main source of energy.
PB  - MDPI
T2  - Polymers
T1  - Study of the synergetic effect of co-pyrolysis of lignite and high-density polyethylene aiming to improve utilization of low-rank coal
VL  - 13
IS  - 5
SP  - 759
DO  - 10.3390/polym13050759
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Kojić, Ivan and Bechtel, Achim and Aleksić, Nikoleta M. and Životić, Dragana and Trifunović, S. and Gajica, Gordana and Stojanović, Ksenija",
year = "2021",
abstract = "The mutual impact of low-quality lignite and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) during open system pyrolysis was investigated, aiming to improve utilization of lignite with simultaneous treatment of HDPE waste. Pyrolysis of lignite, HDPE, and their mixture (mass ratio, 1:1) was performed at temperatures 400, 450, 500, 550, and 600 °C. Initial substrates and pyrolysis products were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC– MS), specific carbon isotope analysis of individual hydrocarbons (δ13C), Rock-Eval pyrolysis, and ele-mental analysis. The positive synergetic effect during co-pyrolysis of lignite/HDPE mixture was observed at temperatures ≥450 °C, with the greatest being at 500 °C. The highest yield of liquid co-pyrol-ysis products with a similar composition to that of crude oils is also noticed at 500 °C. The yields of liquid and gaseous products and quality of pyrolytic products obtained by co-pyrolysis of lig-nite/HDPE mixture are notably improved compared with pyrolysis of lignite alone. On the other hand, data obtained from pyrolysis of HDPE alone indicate that it cannot be concurrent to well-developed catalytic thermal processes for polymer recycling. However, concerning the huge amount of produced HDPE, at least part of this plastic material can be reused for advanced thermal treatment of lignite, particularly in countries where this low-rank coal represents the main source of energy.",
publisher = "MDPI",
journal = "Polymers",
title = "Study of the synergetic effect of co-pyrolysis of lignite and high-density polyethylene aiming to improve utilization of low-rank coal",
volume = "13",
number = "5",
pages = "759",
doi = "10.3390/polym13050759"
}

Kojić, I., Bechtel, A., Aleksić, N. M., Životić, D., Trifunović, S., Gajica, G.,& Stojanović, K.. (2021). Study of the synergetic effect of co-pyrolysis of lignite and high-density polyethylene aiming to improve utilization of low-rank coal. in Polymers
MDPI., 13(5), 759.
https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13050759

Kojić I, Bechtel A, Aleksić NM, Životić D, Trifunović S, Gajica G, Stojanović K. Study of the synergetic effect of co-pyrolysis of lignite and high-density polyethylene aiming to improve utilization of low-rank coal. in Polymers. 2021;13(5):759.
doi:10.3390/polym13050759 .

Kojić, Ivan, Bechtel, Achim, Aleksić, Nikoleta M., Životić, Dragana, Trifunović, S., Gajica, Gordana, Stojanović, Ksenija, "Study of the synergetic effect of co-pyrolysis of lignite and high-density polyethylene aiming to improve utilization of low-rank coal" in Polymers, 13, no. 5 (2021):759,
https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13050759 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Burazer, Nikola
AU  - Šajnović, Aleksandra
AU  - Vasić, Nebojša
AU  - Kašanin-Grubin, Milica
AU  - Životić, Dragana
AU  - Mendonça Filho, João Graciano
AU  - Vulić, Predrag
AU  - Jovančićević, Branimir
PY  - 2020
UR  - http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3837
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3389
AB  - The investigation of the relationship between paleoenvironmental conditions and distribution and relative abundance of specific saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons was the main objective of this study, thus marking the parameters, which were most sensitive to environmental changes. Insights on the type, generative potential, and maturity of organic matter (OM), as well as paleoclimate conditions, along with the reconstruction of depositional settings of the northwest part of the Toplica basin (Serbia), were provided. Organic petrographic, palynofacies, organic geochemical, mineralogical, and XRF analyses were carried out to investigate 40 sediment samples of the Prebreza and Čučale sedimentary units. Investigated samples were deposited in the saline and anoxic environment, under semi-arid to semi-humid/humid climate conditions, along with the constant inflow of volcanoclastic material. The predominance of δ-methyltrimethyltridecil chroman (δ-MTTC) within euxinic portions of the stratified water column was associated with an increase in salinity, which was noticed for sediments of the Prebreza unit. Sediments from this stratigraphic unit showed a higher contribution of algae precursor, whereas sediments of the Čučale unit suggested higher participation of microbiologically reworked OM. Most of the samples contained oil-prone kerogen type II. Maturity of the OM for sediments of the Prebreza unit ranged from immature to early-mature, while for samples of the Čučale unit varied from early-mature to mature stages. Distribution of hopane biomarkers typical for crude oil indicated that depth of 1 km was a boundary for the genesis of thermodynamic, more stable compounds. A significant portion of semifusinite was correlated with the paleofire event, which affected the distribution of n-alkanes. The high production of hydrocarbons was related to volcanic activity. Parameters, which proved to be highly susceptible at the stratigraphic boundary between the Prebreza and Čučale units, were C-value, S/H, α-MTTC, δ-MTTC, β-/γ-MTTC, and (1,3- + 1,6-)/(1,4 + 1,5-DMC), respectively.
PB  - Elsevier
T2  - Marine and Petroleum Geology
T1  - Influence of paleoenvironmental conditions on distribution and relative abundance of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments from the NW part of the Toplica basin, Serbia
VL  - 115
SP  - 104252
DO  - 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2020.104252
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Burazer, Nikola and Šajnović, Aleksandra and Vasić, Nebojša and Kašanin-Grubin, Milica and Životić, Dragana and Mendonça Filho, João Graciano and Vulić, Predrag and Jovančićević, Branimir",
year = "2020",
abstract = "The investigation of the relationship between paleoenvironmental conditions and distribution and relative abundance of specific saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons was the main objective of this study, thus marking the parameters, which were most sensitive to environmental changes. Insights on the type, generative potential, and maturity of organic matter (OM), as well as paleoclimate conditions, along with the reconstruction of depositional settings of the northwest part of the Toplica basin (Serbia), were provided. Organic petrographic, palynofacies, organic geochemical, mineralogical, and XRF analyses were carried out to investigate 40 sediment samples of the Prebreza and Čučale sedimentary units. Investigated samples were deposited in the saline and anoxic environment, under semi-arid to semi-humid/humid climate conditions, along with the constant inflow of volcanoclastic material. The predominance of δ-methyltrimethyltridecil chroman (δ-MTTC) within euxinic portions of the stratified water column was associated with an increase in salinity, which was noticed for sediments of the Prebreza unit. Sediments from this stratigraphic unit showed a higher contribution of algae precursor, whereas sediments of the Čučale unit suggested higher participation of microbiologically reworked OM. Most of the samples contained oil-prone kerogen type II. Maturity of the OM for sediments of the Prebreza unit ranged from immature to early-mature, while for samples of the Čučale unit varied from early-mature to mature stages. Distribution of hopane biomarkers typical for crude oil indicated that depth of 1 km was a boundary for the genesis of thermodynamic, more stable compounds. A significant portion of semifusinite was correlated with the paleofire event, which affected the distribution of n-alkanes. The high production of hydrocarbons was related to volcanic activity. Parameters, which proved to be highly susceptible at the stratigraphic boundary between the Prebreza and Čučale units, were C-value, S/H, α-MTTC, δ-MTTC, β-/γ-MTTC, and (1,3- + 1,6-)/(1,4 + 1,5-DMC), respectively.",
publisher = "Elsevier",
journal = "Marine and Petroleum Geology",
title = "Influence of paleoenvironmental conditions on distribution and relative abundance of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments from the NW part of the Toplica basin, Serbia",
volume = "115",
pages = "104252",
doi = "10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2020.104252"
}

Burazer, N., Šajnović, A., Vasić, N., Kašanin-Grubin, M., Životić, D., Mendonça Filho, J. G., Vulić, P.,& Jovančićević, B.. (2020). Influence of paleoenvironmental conditions on distribution and relative abundance of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments from the NW part of the Toplica basin, Serbia. in Marine and Petroleum Geology
Elsevier., 115, 104252.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2020.104252

Burazer N, Šajnović A, Vasić N, Kašanin-Grubin M, Životić D, Mendonça Filho JG, Vulić P, Jovančićević B. Influence of paleoenvironmental conditions on distribution and relative abundance of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments from the NW part of the Toplica basin, Serbia. in Marine and Petroleum Geology. 2020;115:104252.
doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2020.104252 .

Burazer, Nikola, Šajnović, Aleksandra, Vasić, Nebojša, Kašanin-Grubin, Milica, Životić, Dragana, Mendonça Filho, João Graciano, Vulić, Predrag, Jovančićević, Branimir, "Influence of paleoenvironmental conditions on distribution and relative abundance of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments from the NW part of the Toplica basin, Serbia" in Marine and Petroleum Geology, 115 (2020):104252,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2020.104252 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Životić, Dragana
AU  - Cvetković, Olga
AU  - Vulić, Predrag J.
AU  - Gržetić, Ivan
AU  - Simić, Vladimir
AU  - Ilijević, Konstantin
AU  - Dojčinović, Biljana
AU  - Erić, Suzana
AU  - Radić, Bogdan
AU  - Stojadinović, Sanja
AU  - Trifunović, Snežana S.
PY  - 2019
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3353
AB  - A geochemical and mineralogical study was performed on lignite samples from the Upper Miocene Kovin deposit, hosting three coal seams. The Kovin lignite is characterized by high moisture content, medium to high ash yield, medium to high sulphur content and a relatively low gross and net calorific value. The mineralogical composition, and major and trace element contents were determined by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analyses, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The most abundant minerals in all lignite samples from the three coal seams are clays (illite/smectite), silicates (quartz, plagioclase), sulphates (gypsum/anhydrite) and carbonate (calcite). The other iron-rich minerals are sulphides, oxides and hydroxides (pyrite, mag-netite, haematite, and limonite). In general, mineral matter in the matrix coal consists of illite/ smectite and quartz, while xylite-rich coals, apart from illite/smectite, have a higher content of sulphates and Fe-oxide/hydroxide minerals. The lignite from the Kovin deposit is enriched in As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ga, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, V, Zn, Gd, Tb, Er and Lu in comparison with the Clarke values for brown coals. The statistical analysis of bulk compositional data shows inorganic affinity for the majority of the major and trace elements and possible association with pyrite, illite/ smectite and calcite.
PB  - Institut za Geoloska Istrazivanja
T2  - Geologia Croatica
T1  - Distribution of major and trace elements in the Kovin lignite (Serbia)
VL  - 72
IS  - 1
SP  - 51
EP  - 79
DO  - 10.4154/gc.2019.06
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Životić, Dragana and Cvetković, Olga and Vulić, Predrag J. and Gržetić, Ivan and Simić, Vladimir and Ilijević, Konstantin and Dojčinović, Biljana and Erić, Suzana and Radić, Bogdan and Stojadinović, Sanja and Trifunović, Snežana S.",
year = "2019",
abstract = "A geochemical and mineralogical study was performed on lignite samples from the Upper Miocene Kovin deposit, hosting three coal seams. The Kovin lignite is characterized by high moisture content, medium to high ash yield, medium to high sulphur content and a relatively low gross and net calorific value. The mineralogical composition, and major and trace element contents were determined by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analyses, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The most abundant minerals in all lignite samples from the three coal seams are clays (illite/smectite), silicates (quartz, plagioclase), sulphates (gypsum/anhydrite) and carbonate (calcite). The other iron-rich minerals are sulphides, oxides and hydroxides (pyrite, mag-netite, haematite, and limonite). In general, mineral matter in the matrix coal consists of illite/ smectite and quartz, while xylite-rich coals, apart from illite/smectite, have a higher content of sulphates and Fe-oxide/hydroxide minerals. The lignite from the Kovin deposit is enriched in As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ga, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, V, Zn, Gd, Tb, Er and Lu in comparison with the Clarke values for brown coals. The statistical analysis of bulk compositional data shows inorganic affinity for the majority of the major and trace elements and possible association with pyrite, illite/ smectite and calcite.",
publisher = "Institut za Geoloska Istrazivanja",
journal = "Geologia Croatica",
title = "Distribution of major and trace elements in the Kovin lignite (Serbia)",
volume = "72",
number = "1",
pages = "51-79",
doi = "10.4154/gc.2019.06"
}

Životić, D., Cvetković, O., Vulić, P. J., Gržetić, I., Simić, V., Ilijević, K., Dojčinović, B., Erić, S., Radić, B., Stojadinović, S.,& Trifunović, S. S.. (2019). Distribution of major and trace elements in the Kovin lignite (Serbia). in Geologia Croatica
Institut za Geoloska Istrazivanja., 72(1), 51-79.
https://doi.org/10.4154/gc.2019.06

Životić D, Cvetković O, Vulić PJ, Gržetić I, Simić V, Ilijević K, Dojčinović B, Erić S, Radić B, Stojadinović S, Trifunović SS. Distribution of major and trace elements in the Kovin lignite (Serbia). in Geologia Croatica. 2019;72(1):51-79.
doi:10.4154/gc.2019.06 .

Životić, Dragana, Cvetković, Olga, Vulić, Predrag J., Gržetić, Ivan, Simić, Vladimir, Ilijević, Konstantin, Dojčinović, Biljana, Erić, Suzana, Radić, Bogdan, Stojadinović, Sanja, Trifunović, Snežana S., "Distribution of major and trace elements in the Kovin lignite (Serbia)" in Geologia Croatica, 72, no. 1 (2019):51-79,
https://doi.org/10.4154/gc.2019.06 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mitrovic, Danica
AU  - Dokovic, Natasa
AU  - Životić, Dragana
AU  - Bechtel, Achim
AU  - Cvetković, Olga
AU  - Stojanović, Ksenija
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2175
AB  - Four lignite lithotypes (matrix coal, xylite-rich coal, mixture of matrix and mineral-rich coal and mixture of matrix and xylite-rich coal), originating from the Kovin deposit, were investigated in detail. The paper was aimed to determine the main maceral, biomarker and isotopic (delta C-13) characteristics of investigated lithotypes. Based on these results the sources and depositional environment of organic matter in 4 lithotypes were established. These samples were also used as substrates for investigation of the influence of diagenetic alteration on delta C-13 signatures of biomarkers, as well as for assessment of the most convenient utilization for each lithotype. The investigated lithotypes differ in accordance with the composition of huminite macerals. Xylite-rich coal notably distinguishes from other lithotypes beacuse of the highest content of conifer resins vs. epicuticular waxes. The mixture of matrix and mineral-rich coal is characterised by the greatest contribution of algae and fungi and the most intense methanotrophic activity at the time of deposition. In all coal lithotypes diagenetic aromatisation influenced isotopic composition of individual biomarkers. Xylite-rich coal has the poorest grindability properties. However, this coal lithotype is the most suitable for fluidized bed gasification, whereas the mixture of matrix and mineral-rich coal has the lowest applicability for this process. The calorific value decreases in order: xylite-rich coal > matrix coal > mixture of matrix and xylite-rich coal > mixture of matrix and mineral-rich coal. The increase of organic carbon content and calorific value is controlled by the increase of contribution of wood vegetation vs. herbaceous peat-forming plants, as well as by stability of water table during peatification.
PB  - Serbian Chemical Soc, Belgrade
T2  - Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society
T1  - Characterisation of lignite lithotypes from the "Kovin" deposit (Serbia) - Implications from petrographic, biomarker and isotopic analysis
VL  - 82
IS  - 6
SP  - 739
EP  - 754
DO  - 10.2298/JSC161122030M
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Mitrovic, Danica and Dokovic, Natasa and Životić, Dragana and Bechtel, Achim and Cvetković, Olga and Stojanović, Ksenija",
year = "2017",
abstract = "Four lignite lithotypes (matrix coal, xylite-rich coal, mixture of matrix and mineral-rich coal and mixture of matrix and xylite-rich coal), originating from the Kovin deposit, were investigated in detail. The paper was aimed to determine the main maceral, biomarker and isotopic (delta C-13) characteristics of investigated lithotypes. Based on these results the sources and depositional environment of organic matter in 4 lithotypes were established. These samples were also used as substrates for investigation of the influence of diagenetic alteration on delta C-13 signatures of biomarkers, as well as for assessment of the most convenient utilization for each lithotype. The investigated lithotypes differ in accordance with the composition of huminite macerals. Xylite-rich coal notably distinguishes from other lithotypes beacuse of the highest content of conifer resins vs. epicuticular waxes. The mixture of matrix and mineral-rich coal is characterised by the greatest contribution of algae and fungi and the most intense methanotrophic activity at the time of deposition. In all coal lithotypes diagenetic aromatisation influenced isotopic composition of individual biomarkers. Xylite-rich coal has the poorest grindability properties. However, this coal lithotype is the most suitable for fluidized bed gasification, whereas the mixture of matrix and mineral-rich coal has the lowest applicability for this process. The calorific value decreases in order: xylite-rich coal > matrix coal > mixture of matrix and xylite-rich coal > mixture of matrix and mineral-rich coal. The increase of organic carbon content and calorific value is controlled by the increase of contribution of wood vegetation vs. herbaceous peat-forming plants, as well as by stability of water table during peatification.",
publisher = "Serbian Chemical Soc, Belgrade",
journal = "Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society",
title = "Characterisation of lignite lithotypes from the "Kovin" deposit (Serbia) - Implications from petrographic, biomarker and isotopic analysis",
volume = "82",
number = "6",
pages = "739-754",
doi = "10.2298/JSC161122030M"
}

Mitrovic, D., Dokovic, N., Životić, D., Bechtel, A., Cvetković, O.,& Stojanović, K.. (2017). Characterisation of lignite lithotypes from the "Kovin" deposit (Serbia) - Implications from petrographic, biomarker and isotopic analysis. in Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society
Serbian Chemical Soc, Belgrade., 82(6), 739-754.
https://doi.org/10.2298/JSC161122030M

Mitrovic D, Dokovic N, Životić D, Bechtel A, Cvetković O, Stojanović K. Characterisation of lignite lithotypes from the "Kovin" deposit (Serbia) - Implications from petrographic, biomarker and isotopic analysis. in Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society. 2017;82(6):739-754.
doi:10.2298/JSC161122030M .

Mitrovic, Danica, Dokovic, Natasa, Životić, Dragana, Bechtel, Achim, Cvetković, Olga, Stojanović, Ksenija, "Characterisation of lignite lithotypes from the "Kovin" deposit (Serbia) - Implications from petrographic, biomarker and isotopic analysis" in Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, 82, no. 6 (2017):739-754,
https://doi.org/10.2298/JSC161122030M . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mitrovic, Danica
AU  - Dokovic, Natasa
AU  - Životić, Dragana
AU  - Bechtel, Achim
AU  - Šajnović, Aleksandra
AU  - Stojanović, Ksenija
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1905
AB  - The origin of the organic matter (OM) and the characteristics of the depositional environment of lignites from the Upper Miocene Kovin deposit (hosting three coal seams) of Serbia were evaluated based on petrographic data, bulk organic geochemical parameters, biomarker analysis and stable isotope geochemistry (delta C-13 of individual biomarkers). Samples were collected from four boreholes, GD-601 and GD-603 (the "A" field), and KB-79 and KB-91 (the "B" field), representing different parts of coal seams I, II, and III. Investigated lignites are typical humic coals. The OM of lignites is derived from woody vegetation and herbaceous peat-forming plants, with prevalence of the former in most samples. Peat-forming vegetation is characterized by abundant decay resistant gymnosperm (coniferous) plants, followed by a low amount of angiosperms. Lignite forming plants mostly belonged to the gymnosperm families Cupressaceae, Taxodiaceae, Phyllocladaceae and Pinaceae. Slight input of ferns, fungi and aquatic macrophyta to lignite OM is also evident. Distributions of hopanoids and isotopic compositions of these biomarkers reflect the activity of various microbial populations represented by methanotrophic-, chemoautotrophic- and heterotrophic bacteria during diagenesis. Prominent C-28 28,30-bisnorneohop-13(18)-ene was observed for the first time in the lignite extracts. According to the delta C-13 value it was probably derived from chemoautotrophic bacteria. C28 28,30-bisnorneohop-13(18)-ene could be one of the possible precursors of a series of orphan aromatic hopanoids bearing an ethyl group at C-21, via progressive aromatization. Peatification proceeded in a fresh water environment under variable redox conditions, from anoxic to slightly oxic. All three coal seams are heterogeneous. The lower parts of the coal seams represent a topogenous fresh water peat mire with open water areas, which was subjected to inundations. The upper parts of coal seams represent a wet forest swamp with relatively stable conditions. Despite the observed variations in all three coal seams, the mean values of petrographic and organic geochemical parameters suggest general increasing of wetness and establishment of more stable conditions from seam III to seam I. Maceral and biomarker data indicate that rapid flooding of the bogs stopped peat growth in all three coal seams. Relatively frequent variations in all three coal seams, followed by repetition of lignite characteristics depict well the pronounced seasonality e.g. short term cycles of the climate during Late Miocene in investigated area.
PB  - Elsevier
T2  - International Journal of Coal Geology
T1  - Petrographical and organic geochemical study of the Kovin lignite deposit, Serbia
VL  - 168
SP  - 80
EP  - 107
DO  - 10.1016/j.coal.2016.07.008
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Mitrovic, Danica and Dokovic, Natasa and Životić, Dragana and Bechtel, Achim and Šajnović, Aleksandra and Stojanović, Ksenija",
year = "2016",
abstract = "The origin of the organic matter (OM) and the characteristics of the depositional environment of lignites from the Upper Miocene Kovin deposit (hosting three coal seams) of Serbia were evaluated based on petrographic data, bulk organic geochemical parameters, biomarker analysis and stable isotope geochemistry (delta C-13 of individual biomarkers). Samples were collected from four boreholes, GD-601 and GD-603 (the "A" field), and KB-79 and KB-91 (the "B" field), representing different parts of coal seams I, II, and III. Investigated lignites are typical humic coals. The OM of lignites is derived from woody vegetation and herbaceous peat-forming plants, with prevalence of the former in most samples. Peat-forming vegetation is characterized by abundant decay resistant gymnosperm (coniferous) plants, followed by a low amount of angiosperms. Lignite forming plants mostly belonged to the gymnosperm families Cupressaceae, Taxodiaceae, Phyllocladaceae and Pinaceae. Slight input of ferns, fungi and aquatic macrophyta to lignite OM is also evident. Distributions of hopanoids and isotopic compositions of these biomarkers reflect the activity of various microbial populations represented by methanotrophic-, chemoautotrophic- and heterotrophic bacteria during diagenesis. Prominent C-28 28,30-bisnorneohop-13(18)-ene was observed for the first time in the lignite extracts. According to the delta C-13 value it was probably derived from chemoautotrophic bacteria. C28 28,30-bisnorneohop-13(18)-ene could be one of the possible precursors of a series of orphan aromatic hopanoids bearing an ethyl group at C-21, via progressive aromatization. Peatification proceeded in a fresh water environment under variable redox conditions, from anoxic to slightly oxic. All three coal seams are heterogeneous. The lower parts of the coal seams represent a topogenous fresh water peat mire with open water areas, which was subjected to inundations. The upper parts of coal seams represent a wet forest swamp with relatively stable conditions. Despite the observed variations in all three coal seams, the mean values of petrographic and organic geochemical parameters suggest general increasing of wetness and establishment of more stable conditions from seam III to seam I. Maceral and biomarker data indicate that rapid flooding of the bogs stopped peat growth in all three coal seams. Relatively frequent variations in all three coal seams, followed by repetition of lignite characteristics depict well the pronounced seasonality e.g. short term cycles of the climate during Late Miocene in investigated area.",
publisher = "Elsevier",
journal = "International Journal of Coal Geology",
title = "Petrographical and organic geochemical study of the Kovin lignite deposit, Serbia",
volume = "168",
pages = "80-107",
doi = "10.1016/j.coal.2016.07.008"
}

Mitrovic, D., Dokovic, N., Životić, D., Bechtel, A., Šajnović, A.,& Stojanović, K.. (2016). Petrographical and organic geochemical study of the Kovin lignite deposit, Serbia. in International Journal of Coal Geology
Elsevier., 168, 80-107.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2016.07.008

Mitrovic D, Dokovic N, Životić D, Bechtel A, Šajnović A, Stojanović K. Petrographical and organic geochemical study of the Kovin lignite deposit, Serbia. in International Journal of Coal Geology. 2016;168:80-107.
doi:10.1016/j.coal.2016.07.008 .

Mitrovic, Danica, Dokovic, Natasa, Životić, Dragana, Bechtel, Achim, Šajnović, Aleksandra, Stojanović, Ksenija, "Petrographical and organic geochemical study of the Kovin lignite deposit, Serbia" in International Journal of Coal Geology, 168 (2016):80-107,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2016.07.008 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dokovic, Natasa
AU  - Mitrovic, Danica
AU  - Životić, Dragana
AU  - Spanic, Darko
AU  - Troskot-Corbic, Tamara
AU  - Cvetković, Olga
AU  - Stojanović, Ksenija
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1657
AB  - The study was aimed at determining the origin and geological evolution of lignites from the Smederevsko Pomoravlje field (Kostolac Basin, Serbia). The possibility of a rational utilization of the coal was also considered. For this purpose, numerous organic geochemical analyses were applied to representative lignite samples. The obtained results showed that the coal from the Smederevsko Pomoravlje field is a typical humic coal. The peat-forming vegetation was dominated by gymnosperm plants. The coal-forming plants belonged to the gymnosperm families Taxodiaceae, Cupressaceae, Phyllo-cladaceae and Pinaceae. Other precursors of organic matter (OM) were microbial biomass ferns and angiosperms. It was established that peatification occurred in a neutral to slightly acidic, fresh water environment Under anoxic to suboxic redox conditions. The maturity of the OM is low, in the phase of intense diagenetic processes. The biomarker compositions and values of the corresponding parameters revealed that the Smederevsko Pomoravlje field, the Drmno field (Kostolac Basin) and the "A" field (Kovin deposit) represent a part of a unique lignite basin. The results of this study suggest possible rational utilization of the Smederevsko Pomoravlje lignites in thermal power plants. This is particularly related to samples from coal seam I. A significant amount of gas could be generated from lignites at higher maturities. Eight samples met the basic assumptions for effective gasification.
PB  - Serbian Chemical Soc, Belgrade
T2  - Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society
T1  - Preliminary organic geochemical study of lignite from the Smederevsko Pomoravlje field (Kostolac Basin, Serbia) - Reconstruction of geological evolution and potential for rational utilization
VL  - 80
IS  - 4
SP  - 575
EP  - 588
DO  - 10.2298/JSC140219040D
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Dokovic, Natasa and Mitrovic, Danica and Životić, Dragana and Spanic, Darko and Troskot-Corbic, Tamara and Cvetković, Olga and Stojanović, Ksenija",
year = "2015",
abstract = "The study was aimed at determining the origin and geological evolution of lignites from the Smederevsko Pomoravlje field (Kostolac Basin, Serbia). The possibility of a rational utilization of the coal was also considered. For this purpose, numerous organic geochemical analyses were applied to representative lignite samples. The obtained results showed that the coal from the Smederevsko Pomoravlje field is a typical humic coal. The peat-forming vegetation was dominated by gymnosperm plants. The coal-forming plants belonged to the gymnosperm families Taxodiaceae, Cupressaceae, Phyllo-cladaceae and Pinaceae. Other precursors of organic matter (OM) were microbial biomass ferns and angiosperms. It was established that peatification occurred in a neutral to slightly acidic, fresh water environment Under anoxic to suboxic redox conditions. The maturity of the OM is low, in the phase of intense diagenetic processes. The biomarker compositions and values of the corresponding parameters revealed that the Smederevsko Pomoravlje field, the Drmno field (Kostolac Basin) and the "A" field (Kovin deposit) represent a part of a unique lignite basin. The results of this study suggest possible rational utilization of the Smederevsko Pomoravlje lignites in thermal power plants. This is particularly related to samples from coal seam I. A significant amount of gas could be generated from lignites at higher maturities. Eight samples met the basic assumptions for effective gasification.",
publisher = "Serbian Chemical Soc, Belgrade",
journal = "Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society",
title = "Preliminary organic geochemical study of lignite from the Smederevsko Pomoravlje field (Kostolac Basin, Serbia) - Reconstruction of geological evolution and potential for rational utilization",
volume = "80",
number = "4",
pages = "575-588",
doi = "10.2298/JSC140219040D"
}

Dokovic, N., Mitrovic, D., Životić, D., Spanic, D., Troskot-Corbic, T., Cvetković, O.,& Stojanović, K.. (2015). Preliminary organic geochemical study of lignite from the Smederevsko Pomoravlje field (Kostolac Basin, Serbia) - Reconstruction of geological evolution and potential for rational utilization. in Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society
Serbian Chemical Soc, Belgrade., 80(4), 575-588.
https://doi.org/10.2298/JSC140219040D

Dokovic N, Mitrovic D, Životić D, Spanic D, Troskot-Corbic T, Cvetković O, Stojanović K. Preliminary organic geochemical study of lignite from the Smederevsko Pomoravlje field (Kostolac Basin, Serbia) - Reconstruction of geological evolution and potential for rational utilization. in Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society. 2015;80(4):575-588.
doi:10.2298/JSC140219040D .

Dokovic, Natasa, Mitrovic, Danica, Životić, Dragana, Spanic, Darko, Troskot-Corbic, Tamara, Cvetković, Olga, Stojanović, Ksenija, "Preliminary organic geochemical study of lignite from the Smederevsko Pomoravlje field (Kostolac Basin, Serbia) - Reconstruction of geological evolution and potential for rational utilization" in Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, 80, no. 4 (2015):575-588,
https://doi.org/10.2298/JSC140219040D . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Životić, Dragana
AU  - Stojanović, Ksenija
AU  - Gržetić, Ivan
AU  - Jovančićević, Branimir
AU  - Cvetković, Olga
AU  - Šajnović, Aleksandra
AU  - Simić, Vladimir
AU  - Stojakovic, Rajko
AU  - Scheeder, Georg
PY  - 2013
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1360
AB  - The Upper Miocene lignite from the Main coal seam in the D field, Kolubara basin, is a typical humic coal with huminite, liptinite and inertinite concentrations of up to 83.7 vol.%, 17.2 vol.% and 15.5 vol.%, respectively. In the huminite group, textinite and ulminite are the most abundant macerals with variable amounts of densinite and attrinite. Liptodetrinite and sporinite are the most common macerals of the liptinite group, while inertodetrinite is the most abundant maceral of the inertinite group. The mineral matter consists mostly of clay minerals. The main sources of organic matter were gymnosperms (conifers) and microbial biomass, followed by angiosperms. Based on composition of saturated and aromatic diterpenoids it has been established that coal forming plants belonged to the gymnosperm families Taxodiaceae, Podocarpaceae, Cupressaceae, Araucariaceae, Phyllocladaceae and Pinaceae. Peatification occurred in neutral to slightly acidic, fresh water environment Composition and distribution of biomarkers show that diagenetic changes of the organic matter were mainly governed by bacterial activity in a suboxic to oxic environment Based on distribution of aromatic diterpenoids a novel diagenetic pathway for transformation of abietane-type precursors under suboxic to oxic conditions is proposed. Variations in compositions of macerals and biomarkers are in concordance with pronounced seasonality during Pontian, which caused changes in the water level, redox conditions during peatification, and to some extent vegetation differences in the paleo-plant communities.
PB  - Elsevier
T2  - International Journal of Coal Geology
T1  - Petrological and geochemical composition of lignite from the D field, Kolubara basin (Serbia)
VL  - 111
SP  - 5
EP  - 22
DO  - 10.1016/j.coal.2012.10.014
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Životić, Dragana and Stojanović, Ksenija and Gržetić, Ivan and Jovančićević, Branimir and Cvetković, Olga and Šajnović, Aleksandra and Simić, Vladimir and Stojakovic, Rajko and Scheeder, Georg",
year = "2013",
abstract = "The Upper Miocene lignite from the Main coal seam in the D field, Kolubara basin, is a typical humic coal with huminite, liptinite and inertinite concentrations of up to 83.7 vol.%, 17.2 vol.% and 15.5 vol.%, respectively. In the huminite group, textinite and ulminite are the most abundant macerals with variable amounts of densinite and attrinite. Liptodetrinite and sporinite are the most common macerals of the liptinite group, while inertodetrinite is the most abundant maceral of the inertinite group. The mineral matter consists mostly of clay minerals. The main sources of organic matter were gymnosperms (conifers) and microbial biomass, followed by angiosperms. Based on composition of saturated and aromatic diterpenoids it has been established that coal forming plants belonged to the gymnosperm families Taxodiaceae, Podocarpaceae, Cupressaceae, Araucariaceae, Phyllocladaceae and Pinaceae. Peatification occurred in neutral to slightly acidic, fresh water environment Composition and distribution of biomarkers show that diagenetic changes of the organic matter were mainly governed by bacterial activity in a suboxic to oxic environment Based on distribution of aromatic diterpenoids a novel diagenetic pathway for transformation of abietane-type precursors under suboxic to oxic conditions is proposed. Variations in compositions of macerals and biomarkers are in concordance with pronounced seasonality during Pontian, which caused changes in the water level, redox conditions during peatification, and to some extent vegetation differences in the paleo-plant communities.",
publisher = "Elsevier",
journal = "International Journal of Coal Geology",
title = "Petrological and geochemical composition of lignite from the D field, Kolubara basin (Serbia)",
volume = "111",
pages = "5-22",
doi = "10.1016/j.coal.2012.10.014"
}

Životić, D., Stojanović, K., Gržetić, I., Jovančićević, B., Cvetković, O., Šajnović, A., Simić, V., Stojakovic, R.,& Scheeder, G.. (2013). Petrological and geochemical composition of lignite from the D field, Kolubara basin (Serbia). in International Journal of Coal Geology
Elsevier., 111, 5-22.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2012.10.014

Životić D, Stojanović K, Gržetić I, Jovančićević B, Cvetković O, Šajnović A, Simić V, Stojakovic R, Scheeder G. Petrological and geochemical composition of lignite from the D field, Kolubara basin (Serbia). in International Journal of Coal Geology. 2013;111:5-22.
doi:10.1016/j.coal.2012.10.014 .

Životić, Dragana, Stojanović, Ksenija, Gržetić, Ivan, Jovančićević, Branimir, Cvetković, Olga, Šajnović, Aleksandra, Simić, Vladimir, Stojakovic, Rajko, Scheeder, Georg, "Petrological and geochemical composition of lignite from the D field, Kolubara basin (Serbia)" in International Journal of Coal Geology, 111 (2013):5-22,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2012.10.014 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stojanović, Ksenija
AU  - Životić, Dragana
AU  - Šajnović, Aleksandra
AU  - Cvetković, Olga
AU  - Nytoft, Hans Peter
AU  - Scheeder, Georg
PY  - 2012
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1117
AB  - The objective of the study was to determine the origin and to reconstruct the geological evolution of lignites from the Drmno field (Kostolac Basin, Serbia). For this purpose, petrological and organic geochemical analyses were used. Coal from the Drmno field is typical humic coal. Peat-forming vegetation dominated by decay of resistant gymnosperm (coniferous) plants, followed by prokaryotic organisms and angiosperms. The coal forming plants belonged to the gymnosperm families Taxodiaceae, Podocarpaceae, Cupressaceae, Araucariaceae, Phyllocladaceae and Pinaceae. Peatification was realised in a neutral to slightly acidic, fresh water environment. Considering that the organic matter of the Drmno lignites was deposited at the same time, in a relatively constant climate, it could be supposed that climate probably had only a small impact on peatification. Therefore, variations in compositions of macerals and biomarkers indicate changes in the water level, due to seasonal drying of the mire, which caused vegetation differences in the palaeoplant communities and changes in the redox conditions (from anoxic to slightly oxic) during peatification. Diagenetic transformations of the organic matter were mainly governed by microbial activity, rather than thermal alteration.
AB  - Cilj rada bio je da se utvrdi poreklo i geološka evolucija lignita ležišta Drmno basena Kostolac. Primenjene su petrografske i organsko geohemijske metode. Ligniti ležišta Drmno su tipični humusni ugljevi. Glavni izvor organske supstance bile su gimnosperme (golosemenice), a zatim prokariotski organizmi i angiosperme (skrivenosemenice). Utvrđeno je da prekursorski organski materijal potiče od sledećih familija gimnospermi: Taxodiaceae, Podocarpaceae, Cupressaceae, Araucariaceae, Phyllocladaceae i Pinaceae. Taloženje i humifikacija organske supstance lignita odvijali su se u slatkovodnoj, neutralnoj do slabo kiseloj sredini. Uzimajući u obzir da se stvaranje lignita u ležištu Drmno odigravalo u isto vreme, pretpostavljeno je da klimatski faktor nije mogao značajnije uticati na sastav organske supstance. Razlike u sastavu macerala i biomarkera u ispitivanim lignitima posledica su kolebanja nivoa vodenog stuba u sredini taloženja usled sezonskih promena u količini padavina. Ovo kolebanje vodenog stuba uzrokovalo je promene kako u sastavu paleovegetacije, tako i u redoks potencijalu sredine taloženja (od anoksične do blago oksične). Dijagentske promene organske supstance odvijale su se uz intenzivnu mikrobnu aktivnost, dok je termička degradacija bila gotovo beznačajna.
PB  - Serbian Chemical Soc, Belgrade
T2  - Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society
T1  - Drmno lignite field (Kostolac Basin, Serbia): Origin and palaeoenvironmental implications from petrological and organic geochemical studies
T1  - Ligniti ležišta Drmno (basen Kostolac) - poreklo i paleouslovi stvaranja na osnovu petrografskih i organsko-geohemijskih istraživanja
VL  - 77
IS  - 8
SP  - 1109
EP  - 1127
DO  - 10.2298/JSC111126017S
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Stojanović, Ksenija and Životić, Dragana and Šajnović, Aleksandra and Cvetković, Olga and Nytoft, Hans Peter and Scheeder, Georg",
year = "2012",
abstract = "The objective of the study was to determine the origin and to reconstruct the geological evolution of lignites from the Drmno field (Kostolac Basin, Serbia). For this purpose, petrological and organic geochemical analyses were used. Coal from the Drmno field is typical humic coal. Peat-forming vegetation dominated by decay of resistant gymnosperm (coniferous) plants, followed by prokaryotic organisms and angiosperms. The coal forming plants belonged to the gymnosperm families Taxodiaceae, Podocarpaceae, Cupressaceae, Araucariaceae, Phyllocladaceae and Pinaceae. Peatification was realised in a neutral to slightly acidic, fresh water environment. Considering that the organic matter of the Drmno lignites was deposited at the same time, in a relatively constant climate, it could be supposed that climate probably had only a small impact on peatification. Therefore, variations in compositions of macerals and biomarkers indicate changes in the water level, due to seasonal drying of the mire, which caused vegetation differences in the palaeoplant communities and changes in the redox conditions (from anoxic to slightly oxic) during peatification. Diagenetic transformations of the organic matter were mainly governed by microbial activity, rather than thermal alteration., Cilj rada bio je da se utvrdi poreklo i geološka evolucija lignita ležišta Drmno basena Kostolac. Primenjene su petrografske i organsko geohemijske metode. Ligniti ležišta Drmno su tipični humusni ugljevi. Glavni izvor organske supstance bile su gimnosperme (golosemenice), a zatim prokariotski organizmi i angiosperme (skrivenosemenice). Utvrđeno je da prekursorski organski materijal potiče od sledećih familija gimnospermi: Taxodiaceae, Podocarpaceae, Cupressaceae, Araucariaceae, Phyllocladaceae i Pinaceae. Taloženje i humifikacija organske supstance lignita odvijali su se u slatkovodnoj, neutralnoj do slabo kiseloj sredini. Uzimajući u obzir da se stvaranje lignita u ležištu Drmno odigravalo u isto vreme, pretpostavljeno je da klimatski faktor nije mogao značajnije uticati na sastav organske supstance. Razlike u sastavu macerala i biomarkera u ispitivanim lignitima posledica su kolebanja nivoa vodenog stuba u sredini taloženja usled sezonskih promena u količini padavina. Ovo kolebanje vodenog stuba uzrokovalo je promene kako u sastavu paleovegetacije, tako i u redoks potencijalu sredine taloženja (od anoksične do blago oksične). Dijagentske promene organske supstance odvijale su se uz intenzivnu mikrobnu aktivnost, dok je termička degradacija bila gotovo beznačajna.",
publisher = "Serbian Chemical Soc, Belgrade",
journal = "Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society",
title = "Drmno lignite field (Kostolac Basin, Serbia): Origin and palaeoenvironmental implications from petrological and organic geochemical studies, Ligniti ležišta Drmno (basen Kostolac) - poreklo i paleouslovi stvaranja na osnovu petrografskih i organsko-geohemijskih istraživanja",
volume = "77",
number = "8",
pages = "1109-1127",
doi = "10.2298/JSC111126017S"
}

Stojanović, K., Životić, D., Šajnović, A., Cvetković, O., Nytoft, H. P.,& Scheeder, G.. (2012). Drmno lignite field (Kostolac Basin, Serbia): Origin and palaeoenvironmental implications from petrological and organic geochemical studies. in Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society
Serbian Chemical Soc, Belgrade., 77(8), 1109-1127.
https://doi.org/10.2298/JSC111126017S

Stojanović K, Životić D, Šajnović A, Cvetković O, Nytoft HP, Scheeder G. Drmno lignite field (Kostolac Basin, Serbia): Origin and palaeoenvironmental implications from petrological and organic geochemical studies. in Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society. 2012;77(8):1109-1127.
doi:10.2298/JSC111126017S .

Stojanović, Ksenija, Životić, Dragana, Šajnović, Aleksandra, Cvetković, Olga, Nytoft, Hans Peter, Scheeder, Georg, "Drmno lignite field (Kostolac Basin, Serbia): Origin and palaeoenvironmental implications from petrological and organic geochemical studies" in Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, 77, no. 8 (2012):1109-1127,
https://doi.org/10.2298/JSC111126017S . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Životić, Dragana
AU  - Jovančićević, Branimir
AU  - Schwarzbauer, Jan
AU  - Cvetković, Olga
AU  - Gržetić, Ivan
AU  - Ercegovac, Marko
AU  - Stojanović, Ksenija
AU  - Šajnović, Aleksandra
PY  - 2010
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/654
AB  - A petrological and organic geochemical study was performed on coal samples from the East field deposit, Bogovina Basin, Serbia. Fourteen coal samples were collected from different parts of the Main and Upper coal seams from fresh, working faces in the underground subbituminous coal mine. The Lower Miocene (?) coal of the East field is a typical humic coal with huminite, liptinite and inertinite concentrations of up to 81.4 vol.%, 16.1 vol.% and 13.5 vol.%, respectively. Densinite is the most abundant maceral with variable amounts of ulminite and gelinite. Sporinite and liptodetrinite are the most common macerals of the liptinite group. Exsudatinite was detected in the lower part of the Lower coal seam. Inertodetrinite is the most abundant maceral of the inertinite group. The mineral matter consists mostly of clay minerals and carbonates. The mean random huminite reflectance (ulminite B) for the Main coal seam is 0.42 +/- 0.04%Rr, and 0.41 +/- 0.04%Rr for the Upper coal seam, which are typical for an immature to early mature stage of the organic matter. The distribution and abundance of n-alkanes and steranes indicates a significant contribution of epicuticular waxes from higher plants. High amount of phyllocladane-type diterpenoids (16 alpha(H)-phyllocladane) suggests that coal forming plants were conifer families Taxodiaceae, Podocarpaceae, Cupressaceae, Araucariaceae, Sciadopityaceae, and Phyllocladaceae, while a higher amount of pimarane and norpimarane suggests Pinaceae. Taxodiaceae, and Cupressaceae. The pristane/phytane (Pr/Ph) ratio implies variable anaerobic to oxic conditions during sedimentation. The distribution of the hopanes detected in the Bogovina East field coal indicates an immature to early mature stage of the organic matter, which is in agreement with huminite reflectance. The high coal sulphur contents from the East field are characteristic for slightly alkaline depositional environments generated by bentonite from the basement of the Main coal seam. The petrological observation and biomarker composition provide evidence for the generation of immature hydrocarbons which, most probably, originated from the resins and waxes of higher plants, mostly gymnosperms.
PB  - Elsevier
T2  - International Journal of Coal Geology
T1  - The petrographical and organic geochemical composition of coal from the East field, Bogovina Basin (Serbia)
VL  - 81
IS  - 4
SP  - 227
EP  - 241
DO  - 10.1016/j.coal.2009.07.012
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Životić, Dragana and Jovančićević, Branimir and Schwarzbauer, Jan and Cvetković, Olga and Gržetić, Ivan and Ercegovac, Marko and Stojanović, Ksenija and Šajnović, Aleksandra",
year = "2010",
abstract = "A petrological and organic geochemical study was performed on coal samples from the East field deposit, Bogovina Basin, Serbia. Fourteen coal samples were collected from different parts of the Main and Upper coal seams from fresh, working faces in the underground subbituminous coal mine. The Lower Miocene (?) coal of the East field is a typical humic coal with huminite, liptinite and inertinite concentrations of up to 81.4 vol.%, 16.1 vol.% and 13.5 vol.%, respectively. Densinite is the most abundant maceral with variable amounts of ulminite and gelinite. Sporinite and liptodetrinite are the most common macerals of the liptinite group. Exsudatinite was detected in the lower part of the Lower coal seam. Inertodetrinite is the most abundant maceral of the inertinite group. The mineral matter consists mostly of clay minerals and carbonates. The mean random huminite reflectance (ulminite B) for the Main coal seam is 0.42 +/- 0.04%Rr, and 0.41 +/- 0.04%Rr for the Upper coal seam, which are typical for an immature to early mature stage of the organic matter. The distribution and abundance of n-alkanes and steranes indicates a significant contribution of epicuticular waxes from higher plants. High amount of phyllocladane-type diterpenoids (16 alpha(H)-phyllocladane) suggests that coal forming plants were conifer families Taxodiaceae, Podocarpaceae, Cupressaceae, Araucariaceae, Sciadopityaceae, and Phyllocladaceae, while a higher amount of pimarane and norpimarane suggests Pinaceae. Taxodiaceae, and Cupressaceae. The pristane/phytane (Pr/Ph) ratio implies variable anaerobic to oxic conditions during sedimentation. The distribution of the hopanes detected in the Bogovina East field coal indicates an immature to early mature stage of the organic matter, which is in agreement with huminite reflectance. The high coal sulphur contents from the East field are characteristic for slightly alkaline depositional environments generated by bentonite from the basement of the Main coal seam. The petrological observation and biomarker composition provide evidence for the generation of immature hydrocarbons which, most probably, originated from the resins and waxes of higher plants, mostly gymnosperms.",
publisher = "Elsevier",
journal = "International Journal of Coal Geology",
title = "The petrographical and organic geochemical composition of coal from the East field, Bogovina Basin (Serbia)",
volume = "81",
number = "4",
pages = "227-241",
doi = "10.1016/j.coal.2009.07.012"
}

Životić, D., Jovančićević, B., Schwarzbauer, J., Cvetković, O., Gržetić, I., Ercegovac, M., Stojanović, K.,& Šajnović, A.. (2010). The petrographical and organic geochemical composition of coal from the East field, Bogovina Basin (Serbia). in International Journal of Coal Geology
Elsevier., 81(4), 227-241.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2009.07.012

Životić D, Jovančićević B, Schwarzbauer J, Cvetković O, Gržetić I, Ercegovac M, Stojanović K, Šajnović A. The petrographical and organic geochemical composition of coal from the East field, Bogovina Basin (Serbia). in International Journal of Coal Geology. 2010;81(4):227-241.
doi:10.1016/j.coal.2009.07.012 .

Životić, Dragana, Jovančićević, Branimir, Schwarzbauer, Jan, Cvetković, Olga, Gržetić, Ivan, Ercegovac, Marko, Stojanović, Ksenija, Šajnović, Aleksandra, "The petrographical and organic geochemical composition of coal from the East field, Bogovina Basin (Serbia)" in International Journal of Coal Geology, 81, no. 4 (2010):227-241,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2009.07.012 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Životić, Dragana
AU  - Wehner, Herman
AU  - Cvetković, Olga
AU  - Jovančićević, Branimir
AU  - Gržetić, Ivan
AU  - Scheeder, Georg
AU  - Vidal, Angelika
AU  - Šajnović, Aleksandra
AU  - Ercegovac, Marko
AU  - Simić, Vladimir
PY  - 2008
UR  - https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/411
AB  - A petrological, organic geochemical and geochemical study was performed on coal samples from the Soko Mine, Soko Banja basin, Serbia. Ten coal and two carbonaceous clay samples were collected from fresh, working faces in the underground brown coal mine from different parts of the main coal seam. The Lower Miocene, low-rank coal of the Soko Mine is a typical humic coal with huminite concentrations of up to 76.2 vol.%, liptinite less than 14 vol.% and inertinite less than 11 vol.%. Ulminite is the most abundant maceral with variable amounts of densinite and clay minerals. Sporinite and resinite are the most common macerals of the liptinite group. Inertodetrinite is the most abundant maceral of the inertinite group. The mineral-bituminous groundmass identified in some coal samples, and carbonaceous marly clay, indicate sub-aquatic origin and strong bacterial decomposition. The mean random huminite reflectance (ulminite B) for the main coal seam is 0.40 +/- 0.05% Rr, which is typical for an immature to early mature stage of organic matter. The extract yields from the coal of the Soko Banja basin ranges from 9413 to 14,096 ppm, in which alkanes constituted 1.02-0.1%, aromatics 1.3-14.7%, asphaltenes 28.1-76.2% and resins 20.2-43.5%. The saturated hydrocarbon fractions included n-C-15 to n-C-32, with an odd carbon number that predominate in almost all the samples. The contents of n-C-27 and n-C-29 alkanes are extremely high in some samples, as a contribution of epicuticular waxes from higher plants. Acyclic isoprenoid hydrocarbons are minor constituents in the aliphatic fraction, and the pristane/phytane (Pr/Ph) ratio varies between 0.56 and 3.13, which implies anaerobic to oxic conditions during sedimentation. The most abundant diterpanes were abietane, dehydroabietane and 16 alpha(H)-phyllocladane. In samples from the upper part of the coal seam, diterpanes are the dominant constituents of the alkane fraction. Polycyclic alkanes of the triterpane type are important constituents of alkane fractions. The occurrence of beta beta- and alpha beta-type hopanes from C-27 to C-31, but without C-28, is typical for the Soko Banja coals. The major and trace elements in the coal were analysed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). In comparison with world lignites, using the geometric mean value, the coal from the Soko Banja Basin has a high content of strontium (306.953 mg/kg). Higher values than the world lignites were obtained for Mo (3.614 mg/kg), Ni(8.119 mg/kg), Se (0.884 mg/kg), U (2.642 mg/kg) and W (0.148 mg/kg). Correlation analysis shows inorganic affinity for almost all the major and trace elements, except for S, which has an organic affinity.
PB  - Elsevier
T2  - International Journal of Coal Geology
T1  - Petrological, organic geochemical and geochemical characteristics of coal from the Soko mine, Serbia
VL  - 73
IS  - 3-4
SP  - 285
EP  - 306
DO  - 10.1016/j.coal.2007.07.001
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Životić, Dragana and Wehner, Herman and Cvetković, Olga and Jovančićević, Branimir and Gržetić, Ivan and Scheeder, Georg and Vidal, Angelika and Šajnović, Aleksandra and Ercegovac, Marko and Simić, Vladimir",
year = "2008",
abstract = "A petrological, organic geochemical and geochemical study was performed on coal samples from the Soko Mine, Soko Banja basin, Serbia. Ten coal and two carbonaceous clay samples were collected from fresh, working faces in the underground brown coal mine from different parts of the main coal seam. The Lower Miocene, low-rank coal of the Soko Mine is a typical humic coal with huminite concentrations of up to 76.2 vol.%, liptinite less than 14 vol.% and inertinite less than 11 vol.%. Ulminite is the most abundant maceral with variable amounts of densinite and clay minerals. Sporinite and resinite are the most common macerals of the liptinite group. Inertodetrinite is the most abundant maceral of the inertinite group. The mineral-bituminous groundmass identified in some coal samples, and carbonaceous marly clay, indicate sub-aquatic origin and strong bacterial decomposition. The mean random huminite reflectance (ulminite B) for the main coal seam is 0.40 +/- 0.05% Rr, which is typical for an immature to early mature stage of organic matter. The extract yields from the coal of the Soko Banja basin ranges from 9413 to 14,096 ppm, in which alkanes constituted 1.02-0.1%, aromatics 1.3-14.7%, asphaltenes 28.1-76.2% and resins 20.2-43.5%. The saturated hydrocarbon fractions included n-C-15 to n-C-32, with an odd carbon number that predominate in almost all the samples. The contents of n-C-27 and n-C-29 alkanes are extremely high in some samples, as a contribution of epicuticular waxes from higher plants. Acyclic isoprenoid hydrocarbons are minor constituents in the aliphatic fraction, and the pristane/phytane (Pr/Ph) ratio varies between 0.56 and 3.13, which implies anaerobic to oxic conditions during sedimentation. The most abundant diterpanes were abietane, dehydroabietane and 16 alpha(H)-phyllocladane. In samples from the upper part of the coal seam, diterpanes are the dominant constituents of the alkane fraction. Polycyclic alkanes of the triterpane type are important constituents of alkane fractions. The occurrence of beta beta- and alpha beta-type hopanes from C-27 to C-31, but without C-28, is typical for the Soko Banja coals. The major and trace elements in the coal were analysed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). In comparison with world lignites, using the geometric mean value, the coal from the Soko Banja Basin has a high content of strontium (306.953 mg/kg). Higher values than the world lignites were obtained for Mo (3.614 mg/kg), Ni(8.119 mg/kg), Se (0.884 mg/kg), U (2.642 mg/kg) and W (0.148 mg/kg). Correlation analysis shows inorganic affinity for almost all the major and trace elements, except for S, which has an organic affinity.",
publisher = "Elsevier",
journal = "International Journal of Coal Geology",
title = "Petrological, organic geochemical and geochemical characteristics of coal from the Soko mine, Serbia",
volume = "73",
number = "3-4",
pages = "285-306",
doi = "10.1016/j.coal.2007.07.001"
}

Životić, D., Wehner, H., Cvetković, O., Jovančićević, B., Gržetić, I., Scheeder, G., Vidal, A., Šajnović, A., Ercegovac, M.,& Simić, V.. (2008). Petrological, organic geochemical and geochemical characteristics of coal from the Soko mine, Serbia. in International Journal of Coal Geology
Elsevier., 73(3-4), 285-306.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2007.07.001

Životić D, Wehner H, Cvetković O, Jovančićević B, Gržetić I, Scheeder G, Vidal A, Šajnović A, Ercegovac M, Simić V. Petrological, organic geochemical and geochemical characteristics of coal from the Soko mine, Serbia. in International Journal of Coal Geology. 2008;73(3-4):285-306.
doi:10.1016/j.coal.2007.07.001 .

Životić, Dragana, Wehner, Herman, Cvetković, Olga, Jovančićević, Branimir, Gržetić, Ivan, Scheeder, Georg, Vidal, Angelika, Šajnović, Aleksandra, Ercegovac, Marko, Simić, Vladimir, "Petrological, organic geochemical and geochemical characteristics of coal from the Soko mine, Serbia" in International Journal of Coal Geology, 73, no. 3-4 (2008):285-306,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2007.07.001 . .