Synthesis, physicochemical, and antimicrobial characteristics of novel poly(urethane-siloxane) network/silver ferrite nanocomposites

Abstract

In situ polymerization was used to produce novel AgFeO2@PEG/polyurethane network nanocomposites (NP-PUs) with 30–60 wt% of soft poly(dimethylsiloxane) segments in polyurethane (PU), containing 1 wt% of PEG-coated AgFeO2 nanoparticles, AgFeO2@PEG. Physicochemical properties and in vitro biological activity of the NP-PUs were systematically evaluated in terms of AgFeO2@PEG (NP) addition and soft segment content. High-angle annular dark-field transmission electron microscopy showed that the nanoparticles were generally uniformly distributed in the PU matrix. Increased soft segment content caused significantly increased intensity of the broad, amorphous X-ray diffraction peaks of crystalline AgFeO2, probably because the chemical composition of PU affected the distribution of nanoparticles. The Young modulus, hardness, and plasticity of the NP-PUs were higher than for pure PU and increased with decreasing soft segment content. Decreased soft segment content induced higher microphase separation, increased hydrophilicity and swelling ability, but decreased cross-linking density. Additionally, NP-PUs had higher glass transition temperatures, improved thermal stability, and enhanced nanomechanical performance over pure PU. The NP-PUs demonstrated good selective inhibition of Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis (30–55%) and no pronounced cytotoxicity to MRC5 human lung fibroblasts. Among the investigated AgFeO2@PEG/PUs, the best antifungal activity was shown by composites with 30 and 40 wt% soft segments. Consequently, the novel AgFeO2@PEG/polyurethane network nanocomposites could be further optimized to be used as biocompatible surfaces that also prevent formation of fungal biofilms.