Mikrobiološka produkcija agenasa za imobilizaciju toksičnih metala u životnoj sredini

Abstract

Environmental pollution occurs as a result of industrialization, technological development and the rapid increase in population, urban planning and agricultural development. Heavy metals in the environment are usually found in trace amounts, but those amounts can be toxic to living organisms. Elements such as arsenic, lead, cadmium, nickel, mercury, chromium, cobalt, zinc and selenium are toxic and in very small quantities. The mobile fraction of heavy metal include: water-soluble metals (in the form of ions in the soil solution), and easily-replaceable fraction of soluble metal-organic complexes. Microorganisms play an important role in the biogeochemical cycles of metals. Some microbiological processes release metals and increase their mobility, thereby increasing the bioavailability for the metal and their potential toxicity, while others lead to their immobilization and reduced bioavailability. Since the chemistry and biology of certain polluted environment largely dictate bioremediation methods to be used in the future, we expect a wide range of bioremediation techniques to be used.